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Migration in Ukraine Facts and Figures Migration in Ukraine: 2019 Facts and Figures

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Migration in Ukraine Facts and Figures Migration in Ukraine: 2019 Facts and Figures 2019 MIGRATION IN UKRAINE FACTS AND FIGURES MIGRATION IN UKRAINE: 2019 FACTS AND FIGURES CONTENT Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 І. Key statistics on Ukraine ............................................................................................. 3 1.1. Economy and welfare ................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Demographics ........................................................................................................... 4 ІІ. Internal migration ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Characteristics of internal migration ......................................................................... 5 2.2. Internally displaced persons ...................................................................................... 6 ІІІ. Migration from Ukraine ............................................................................................ 7 3.1. Increasing international mobility of the population ................................................. 7 3.2. Labour migration ....................................................................................................... 7 3.3. Educational migration ............................................................................................... 9 3.4. Asylum seekers .......................................................................................................... 9 3.5. Emigration and the Ukrainian diaspora ................................................................... 10 IV. Migration and development .................................................................................... 11 4.1. Migration impact on Ukraine .................................................................................. 11 4.2. Migrant remittances to Ukraine .............................................................................. 11 V. Migration to Ukraine ................................................................................................ 12 VI. Irregular migration ................................................................................................. 13 VII. Human trafficking .................................................................................................. 14 VIIІ. Migration management ........................................................................................ 15 ІХ. Migration statistics ................................................................................................. 17 Disclaimer: The facts and views contained in this publication, which is provided for information purposes only, do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). Edited by Olena Malynovska, Senior Researcher at the National Institute for Strategic Studies, Kyiv, Ukraine. © All rights reserved, IOM Ukraine (2019) 2 MIGRATION IN UKRAINE: FACTS AND FIGURES 2019 INTRODUCTION Current migration processes in Ukraine are influ- Due to certain improvement of the economic situation enced by a number of important factors, including in 2016–2018 and the society’s adaptation to crisis con- the annexation of Crimea and the conflict in the east ditions, the volume of external migration of Ukrainians of Ukraine along with the economic recession they has stabilized, but it still remains high. However, the caused; launch of important reforms, which, however, country is not quite attractive to immigrants. In the con- have not turned to be thoroughgoing and consistent text of unfavourable demographic trends, an outflow enough; progress in the European and Euro-Atlantic of the population may hinder economic development. integration, including introduction of the visa-free re- Ukraine will continue lagging behind its neighbours in gime with the EU in 2017; migration experience and terms of welfare in the mid-term. Consequently, ex- diversified migration networks that have been deve- ternal migration will continue and can even increase in loped due to multi-year active participation of case of intensification of military actions in the east of Ukrainians in labour migration abroad. the country and destabilization of internal situation. I. KEY STATISTICS ON UKRAINE sq. km 603.5 the area Fig. 1. Ukraine’s real GDP in 2010–2018, million the population (present) year-on-year percentage change as of 1 October 2019 (excluding the 41.9 5.5 annexed territory of the Autonomous Repub- 3.8 2.4 lic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol) 0.2 0 2.5 3.3 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 53.7 % 46.3% women men -6.6 % urban population 71.1 -9.8 years Source: World Bank, data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP. 71.76 life expectancy MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2018&locations=UA&start=2010 at birth (2018) 76.72 66.89 The GDP increase can be primarily attributed to domestic years years trade and construction as well as to agribusiness. How- ever, given a substantial drop (by 13.1% in 2015), indus- % literacy rate (for people aged 15+) trial production has been recovering quite slowly (0.4% in 99.97 2017, 1.6% in 2018). The country’s GDP has not reached the Human Development Index the 2013 level so far (fig. 2). 0.751 (with a rank of 88th among 189 countries of the world based on the 2017 data) the Inequality-Adjusted Fig. 2. Ukraine’s GDP, USD million Human Development Index 183,310 0.701 179,992 175,781 (with a rank of 69th among 151 countries 163,160 142,719 136,419 131,805 130,832 of the world based on the 2017 data) 107,753 117,228 112,154 90,615 93,270 1.1. Economy and welfare Following the recession in 2014–2015 caused by the annexation of Crimea and the conflict in the east of 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Ukraine, the country’s economy has been gradually Source: Minfin, recovering (fig. 1). https://index.minfin.com.ua/economy/gdp/ 3 MIGRATION IN UKRAINE: 2019 FACTS AND FIGURES Economic development is hindered by overdependence in 2015, dropped down to 9.8% in 2018, and was 4.3% on exports, lack of investment and low productive ca- during 10 months in 2019), the wage increase is partially pacity. Some barriers to entrepreneurship remain. In the offset by the price increase for low-income population. 2018 Doing Business report by the World Bank, Ukraine While the income of more than a half of Ukrainians was ranked 71st, which is much lower than top CEE coun- below an actual subsistence rate in 2015–2016, this fi- tries, such as Russia (31st place), Poland (33rd place), gure was 27.6 per cent in 2018. However, over 10 million the Czech Republic (35th place). people live below the poverty line (fig. 5). Amid economic revival, the labour market shows an up- ward trend. The number of the employed has increased, the unemployment rate has been reducing (fig. 3), in- Fig. 5. Population with a monthly per capita cluding youth unemployment. However, around 1.6 mil- income lower than an actual minimum lion Ukrainians remain unemployed. subsistence rate 20.2 19.8 Fig. 3. Unemployment rate 13.5 (based on the ILO methodology) 10.6 12.4 6.3 51.9 51.1 11.7 10.3 34.9 9.7 9.6 9.7 9.5 9.7 9.9 16.7 27.6 9.2 8.8 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.7 7.8 7.4 6.9 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 6.9 Share in the total population, % Quantity, million Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine, http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2007/gdvdg_rik/ 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 dvdg_u/duf2010_u.htm Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine, http://www.ukrstat. gov.ua/operativ/operativ2009/rp/rp_reg/reg_u/arh_rbn_u.htm 1.2. Demographics The improvement of the situation led to an increase in The population of Ukraine, which was 52 million peo- the incomes of the population. The real wage, which ple in 1993, is decreasing (fig. 6), mainly due to a low plunged due to the conflict in the east, is gradually birth rate (the total fertility rate is lower than 1.4 per growing (fig. 4). woman). The prevalence of the number of deaths over the number of live births has been increasing since 2013 and reached 251,780 in 2018 (158,700 in Fig. 4. Average monthly real wage in 2010–2018, 2013, 166,800 in 2014, 183,000 in 2015, 186,600 in year-on-year percentage change 2016, 210,000 in 2017). 14.4 19.1 8.2 11.9 12.5 Fig. 6. Ukraine’s population in 1990–2019 as of the 2014 2015 1st of January of the relevant year, million 2012 2013 2016 2017 2018 -6.5 51.8 52.2 45.4 -20.2 42.2 Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine, http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2005/gdn/tznr/ tznr_u/tznr_u_bez.htm However, the average wage in Ukraine remains one of the lowest in Europe (UAH 10,687 in September 2019, or 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 around EUR 396). Remuneration still deeply varies by the (2002 — based on the results of the 2001 census, type of economic activity and by region. Therefore, the 2014−2019 — excluding the non-government- wage increase rate is not high enough for a large share controlled territories of Crimea and the Donbas) of the employed. In addition, despite stabilization of in- Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine, flation processes (the inflation rate, which was 43.3% http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ 4 MIGRATION IN UKRAINE: FACTS AND FIGURES 2019 The decrease in the population is accompanied by its According
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