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Phg Rapid Community Assessm 1 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Community Assessment: Nablus and Tubas Governorates – West Bank, Palestine – March 2020 CONDUCTED BY: The Palestinian Hydrology Group (PHG) FUNDED BY: Ajuntament de València FUNDED THROUGH: Asamblea de Cooperación Por la Paz (ACPP) Prepared and written by: Project and Team Leader: Dr. Ayman Rabi Project Coordinator: Eng. Abdulrauf Aburahma Field Survey Team: Eng. Sahira Gh. Kusa Eng. Kanan Suwadeh 2 TABLE OF FIGURES I Acronyms II Executive Summary 1 I: Background 4 II: Methodology 6 1. Selecting the Target Communities 6 2. Creation of a coordination group 6 3. Data collection tools on water and sanitation 6 4. Data Base Design9 7 5. Data processing, analysis and storage into the database 6. Data dissemination and accessibility 7 III: Availability and Accessibility to Water and Sanitation in 8 Palestine 8 1. Water Resources: 9 2. Water Supply Quantity and Service Coverage 3. Wastewater Situation 10 4. Water Governance 11 IV: Major Findings of the WASH Situation in the 63 Communities & Proposed Response 13 TABL E OF CONTENTS TABL 1. Introduction. 13 2. Water Supply Quantity and Quality 13 3. Water Service Condition and Reliability 14 4. Wastewater and Solidwaste Serivce Conditions 17 5. Gender and Water 18 6. Major WASH Needs 19 APPENDIXES 27 APPENDIX–A: Surveyed Communities 28 APPENDIX–B: Questionnaire 31 APPENDIX–C: Tables & Maps 34 Figure1: Service coverage in both West Bank and Gaza 10 Figure 2: Volume of treated effluent that flows west and east 11 and its treatment condition Figure 3: Supplied versus demand water quantities 13 Figure 4: Water Supply and demand of each community 14 Figure 5: Monthly Water Supply Frequency 14 Figure 6: Water Pressure in the Network 15 Figure 7: Comparing water price from network versus tankers 15 Figure 8: Per capita daily water use 16 Figure 9: Water Losses 16 Figure 10: Access to Water and Sanitation 17 Figure 11: Wastewater Network Coverage 17 TABL EOF FIGURES TABL Figure 12: Solidwaste Disposal 18 Figure 13: Gender Representation in WaSH 18 4 I ACPP Asamblea de Cooperacio’n por la Paz CA Civil Administration CM Cubic Meters (m2) CMWU Coastal Municipalities Water Utility EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency GS Gaza Strip GDP Gross Domestic Product ICJ International Court of Justice ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross INGOs International Non-governmental Organizations JWC Joint Water Committee JWU Jerusalem Water Undertaking LCD Litres per capita per day M&A Movement and Access MAS Palestinian Economic Policy Research Institute MCM Million Cubic Meters MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoH Ministry of Health NGO Non-governmental Organization NIS New Israeli Shekel NSU Negotiations Support Unit NWC National Water Council OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ACRONUMS oPt occupied Palestinian territory PA or PNA Palestinian National Authority PCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PHG Palestinian Hydrology Group PWA Palestinian Water Authority PCBS The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency United States Agency for International Develop- USAID ment WaSH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WaSH MP Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Monitoring Program WBGS West Bank and Gaza Strip WBWD West Bank Water Department WHO World Health Organization II Executive Summary Executive Summary Water availability and access to the Palestinian communities have deteriorated over the past decade due to increased Israeli restriction and policies that limited the Palestinian ability from developing and managing their water resources properly. Since the signature of Oslo Interim Agreement back in 1995, water made available to Palestinians has dropped by 14 MCM, it was 118 MCM at the time of signature, the figure that was also agreed in the interim agreement to nearly 104 MCM in 2015. This reduction combined with other Israeli policies have influenced the supply quantities from Palestinian local water resources as well as limited per capita water use to vary from 70 l/day in the best cases to as low as 20l/d in the marginal communities and increased the reliance of Palestinians to the purchased water from Israeli company making their water security very law and bound to the Israeli merit. Moreover, poor services related to water supply and limitation on physical infrastructure for both water and wastewater have left nearly 68% of the population in the West Bank not served with wastewater collection and treatment systems. Despite all the efforts made by the Palestinian Government to coup with this difficult situation including sector reform, adopting a new water law and developing long and short-term strat- egies, the water and sanitation situation remains fragile since the final say is within the Israeli hands and subject to their approval. This situation clearly tells that ending Israeli occupation is a prerequisite for Palestinians to be able develop and prosper and assuming full sovereignty over their land and natural resources. Under these circumstances the current project titled “Deep preparation and improved response capacity to address the water shortages affecting Palestinian communities in the West Bank through increased effectiveness of civil society participation and institutions in the coordina- tion and monitoring of water resources, water and sanitation” funded by Ayuntamient de Valan- cia through Asamblea de Cooperación por la Paz (ACPP) and implemented during 2019 - 2020 by Palestinian Hydrology Group (PHG). The project had assessed the water and sanitation situation in 63 communities in the West Bank to highlight the main obstacles and to propose appropriate response that could address these obstacles through providing updated and standardized information to all agencies working in the WASH sector in Palestine. The project aims to improve the living conditions of the people of the West Bank through the availability of harmonized, up-to-date, complete and reliable data on access to water, result- ing in better and more effective interventions in development cooperation and humanitarian aid projects. The project also aims to improve coordination and responsiveness between these actors, both governmental and international agencies; international and Palestinian organiza- tions working in the water and sanitation sector in the West Bank, in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). 1 Executive Summary The main activities accomplished under the project can be summarized as follows: - Coordination and harmonization of data with relevant stakeholders involved in WASH data collection (the monitoring group) which includes representatives from ACPP, PHG, the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA), the United Nations WASH Cluster (led by UNICEF) and Civil Society Organizations through the EWASH platform. - Strengthen coordination, harmonize mechanisms for the data collection on ac- cess to WASH, and water quality among WASH actors through adopting harmonized tools and questionnaire for monitoring and data collection in APPENDIX-B as well as on gender training. - Colloect data from 63 communities in Nablus and Tubas Area. It is good to mention that PHG has adopted a new technique for data collection, where the data collection tool has been transformed into digital format as an application on tablets - Tablet Data Collection (TDC) instead of paper-based method in order to help improve the quality of data, analysis and decision-making. Furthermore, Tablet-based method has many other advantages over paper-based alternatives such as fewer errors, data consistency, better quality control, faster data collection and analysis. - A special web-based software was designed to receive collected data. Data was then checked, verified, and then entered into special database that was designed specifically for the project. Data then has been analysed and presented in the fi- nal report. The data collected is stored at the database http://www.phg.org/sys/ad- min/dashboard. Moreover, the database is accessible to all interested stakeholders through web site, http://www.phg.org/welcome/database. - Implementation, systematization and presentation of a detailed, community-level, gender-sensitive study on access to quality water in 63 vulnerable communities. - Strengthen the responsiveness of Palestinian civil society organizations and their institutions, and their capacity to coordinate with other international actors in the WASH sector, through constant updating of information, establishment of a mecha- nism for actors to coordinate and training in the management of harmonized tools. The main findings of the project reflect that water accessibility and availability in the 63 com- munities are no better than overall situation in the West Bank and Gaza. 15 communities are totally located in area “C”. Water losses in 37 communities are more than 20%. Water sup- plied to the 55% of the surveyed communities accounts for 100% of their needs during sum- mer period. Moreover, the assessment shows that water service reliability varies from one communitiy to the other. It was realized that water frequency in summer is not sufficient in 27 communities, while 39 communities reported that water pressure in summer is not adequate. Moreover, average (summer/winter) per capita water use varies among the 63 communities. It varies from 34 to 92 litre per capita per day, with 75 weighted average. In the mean time, water price per cubic meter in the network varies from 0.5 - 10 NIS (62% of the surveyed
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