Drywood Termites Dawn H
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Termites in a Structure
Detecting and Identifying Termites in a Structure The threat of insects in or around your home can be alarming, especially when those insects can cause structural damage. It is important to know if insects you find around the house are in fact termites or some other crawling insect. Subterranean termites are found everywhere in the contiguous United States, making the possibility of termite infestation a widespread structural damage problem. Early detection and treatment of termites can drastically reduce the threat of damage to your home. Detection Subterranean termites require moisture and usually remain hidden—they may never be seen by the homeowner. Termites often consume the interior portion of a piece of Four main characteristics differentiate termites from ants: wood but leave the outer shell intact to protect themselves against desiccation (drying out). Therefore, it is easy to overlook the occurrence of termites and mistake a termite- damaged board for sound wood. One clear indication of termite infestation is the appearance of shelter tubes made of soil and sand and stemming from an underground location near the building. These tubes protect the termites from desiccation as they travel between the soil and your house. Shelter tubes are found commonly in basements of infected homes or running from the soil to the house. Termites are social insects and live in large colonies with organized caste systems. Worker termites—the most common caste encountered—are likely to be visible during a home inspection. Soldier termites, although far less numerous, are also likely to be found. Identification Both worker and soldier termites are white in color, with a small amount of brown on their backs, and are ¼-inch long. -
Overview and Current Status of Non-Native Termites (Isoptera) in Florida§
Scheffrahn: Non-Native Termites in Florida 781 OVERVIEW AND CURRENT STATUS OF NON-NATIVE TERMITES (ISOPTERA) IN FLORIDA§ Rudolf H. Scheffrahn University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research & Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, Florida 33314, U.S.A E-mail; [email protected] §Summarized from a presentation and discussions at the “Native or Invasive - Florida Harbors Everyone” Symposium at the Annual Meeting of the Florida Entomological Society, 24 July 2012, Jupiter, Florida. ABSTRACT The origins and status of the non-endemic termite species established in Florida are re- viewed including Cryptotermes brevis and Incisitermes minor (Kalotermitidae), Coptotermes formosanus, Co. gestroi, and Heterotermes sp. (Rhinotermitidae), and Nasutitermes corniger (Termitidae). A lone colony of Marginitermes hubbardi (Kalotermitidae) collected near Tam- pa was destroyed in 2002. A mature colony of an arboreal exotic, Nasutitermes acajutlae, was destroyed aboard a dry docked sailboat in Fort Pierce in 2012. Records used in this study were obtained entirely from voucher specimen data maintained in the University of Flori- da Termite Collection. Current distribution maps of each species in Florida are presented. Invasion history suggests that established populations of exotic termites, without human intervention, will continue to spread and flourish unabatedly in Florida within climatically suitable regions. Key Words: Isoptera, Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae, non-endemic RESUMEN Se revisa el origen y el estatus de las especies de termitas no endémicas establecidas en la Florida incluyendo Cryptotermes brevis y Incisitermes menor (Familia Kalotermitidae); Coptotermes formosanus, Co. gestroi y Heterotermes sp. (Familia Rhinotermitidae) y Nasu- titermes corniger (Familia Termitidae). Una colonia individual de Marginitermes hubbardi revisada cerca de Tampa fue destruida en 2002. -
03 Literature Review
- Literature Review: - Sr. No .1 - Name of the Author : P.G. Koehler and C. L. Tucker - Name of the Article : Subterranean Termite - Pages: 7 Nos. - Date of Published : April 1993 Revised in 2003 University of Florida, IFAS, Extention No. ENY 210 - Journal Name : Entomology and Nematology, Florida Cooperative Service - Review: Subterranean Termite, Dampwood and Drywood Termite are the main three types of termites . Subterranean Termites are the most destructive and it attacks structures by building tubes from nest to wood structures. They feed on wood which contain cellulose which is digested by them by protozoa and convert cellulose into usable food. The nest in the soil contains moisture to protect them from low humidity and predation and they build mud tunnels or tubes to reach wood. At swarming stage the broken wings are located at light are hence they are attracted to light. No wood contact with soil, ventilation, regular inspection can avoid the entry of termite and for effective control for Subterranean termite, Pre and post treatment methods for new and for existing structures at different stages with repellent and non repellent insecticides as required with the additional control method of using Termite Bait. - Sr. No . 2 - Name of the Author : Matthew R. Tarver, Christopher B. Florane, Dunhua Zhang, Casey Grimm and Alan R. Lax - Name of the Article : Methoprene and temperature effects on caste differentiation and protein composition in the Formosan Subterranean termite, Coptotermesfomosanus - Pages: 10 Nos. - Date of Published : December 2011 - Journal Name : Journal of Insect Science, Vol. 12/ article 18 - Review: Worker to soldier differentiation is modulated by temperature i.e. -
Taxonomy, Biogeography, and Notes on Termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae) of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands
SYSTEMATICS Taxonomy, Biogeography, and Notes on Termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae) of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands RUDOLF H. SCHEFFRAHN,1 JAN KRˇ ECˇ EK,1 JAMES A. CHASE,2 BOUDANATH MAHARAJH,1 3 AND JOHN R. MANGOLD Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99(3): 463Ð486 (2006) ABSTRACT Termite surveys of 33 islands of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos (BATC) archipelago yielded 3,533 colony samples from 593 sites. Twenty-seven species from three families and 12 genera were recorded as follows: Cryptotermes brevis (Walker), Cr. cavifrons Banks, Cr. cymatofrons Schef- Downloaded from frahn and Krˇecˇek, Cr. bracketti n. sp., Incisitermes bequaerti (Snyder), I. incisus (Silvestri), I. milleri (Emerson), I. rhyzophorae Herna´ndez, I. schwarzi (Banks), I. snyderi (Light), Neotermes castaneus (Burmeister), Ne. jouteli (Banks), Ne. luykxi Nickle and Collins, Ne. mona Banks, Procryptotermes corniceps (Snyder), and Pr. hesperus Scheffrahn and Krˇecˇek (Kalotermitidae); Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann, Heterotermes cardini (Snyder), H. sp., Prorhinotermes simplex Hagen, and Reticulitermes flavipes Koller (Rhinotermitidae); and Anoplotermes bahamensis n. sp., A. inopinatus n. sp., Nasuti- termes corniger (Motschulsky), Na. rippertii Rambur, Parvitermes brooksi (Snyder), and Termes http://aesa.oxfordjournals.org/ hispaniolae Banks (Termitidae). Of these species, three species are known only from the Bahamas, whereas 22 have larger regional indigenous ranges that include Cuba, Florida, or Hispaniola and beyond. Recent exotic immigrations for two of the regional indigenous species cannot be excluded. Three species are nonindigenous pests of known recent immigration. IdentiÞcation keys based on the soldier (or soldierless worker) and the winged imago are provided along with species distributions by island. Cr. bracketti, known only from San Salvador Island, Bahamas, is described from the soldier and imago. -
Proceedings of the Symposium on Current Research on Wood
The Potential of Using Acoustical Emission to Detect Termites Within Wood1 Vernard R. Lewis Richard L. Lemaster2 Abstract: Acoustical emission (AE) equipment was than 10 lb/acre, may also increase (National used to detect drywood termites Incisitermes minor Academy of Sciences 1980). As a consequence, in ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa blocks under methods for reliable and accurate detection and laboratory conditions. Using a 60 kHz transducer, control of termites are needed. AE levels were recorded for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 termites per block. The association of AE and Although new research shows promise for the varying numbers of drywood termites best fit an development of nonchemical barriers, biological exponential curve. These data suggest that the controls, attractants, and repellents for termites detection capabilities of AE increase with (Rust and others 1988), little has been done to increasing numbers of termites. The implications improve inspections of structures. The use of of this finding to the potential use of AE in electronic stethoscopes and dogs for detecting detecting termites under field conditions are termites is gaining in popularity, though their discussed. utility has not yet been rigorously tested. On- site visual inspection is still the dominant detection technique used by the industry. In California, as many as 73 species of insects Unfortunately, visual inspection is highly have been reported to cause damage to wooden subjective. Consequently, many of the 1,000 structures (Ebeling 1975). Of these species, the complaints filed each year with the California SPCB subterranean termite Reticulitermes hesperus Banks result in litigation. and the drywood termite Incisitermes minor (Hagen) have had the greatest economic impact. -
Seasonal Changes in Composition of Colonies of the Western Drywood Termite, Incisitermes Minor (Hagen) (Lsoptera: Kalotermitidae)
1 Annals of the Entomol. Soc. Amer. All Correspondence to: Thomas H. Atkinson Department of Entomology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 Seasonal Changes in Composition of Colonies of the Western Drywood Termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen) (lsoptera: Kalotermitidae) Thomas H. Atkinson Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, CA 92521 ATKINSON: COMPOSIDON OF COLONIES OF INCISI1ERMES MINOR Abstract The entire contents of 38 naturally occurring colonies of the western drywood termite were examined over a period of 14 months in southern California. Emergence of alates from caged colonies was also observed. Large nymphs with wing buds (prealates) may be present from April through September. Alate emergence has been observed from early June through November and probably occurs over a longer period. There is no indication that colonies in the study area are strongly synchronized with respect to alate development and emergence. There is noticeable seasonal reduction in oviposition from October through April. More than two reproductives (primaries or secondaries) were never recovered from any colony, even the largest, suggesting that reports of supplementary reproductives in older colonies might be based on inadvertent mixing of colonies during extraction. The number and aggregate weight of soldiers was strongly correlated with colony size, supporting the hypothesis of a constant or optimal ratio of soldiers to other colony members. The average size of soldiers was weakly, but significantly correlated with colony size. Page 2 ATKINSON: COMPOSITION OP C OLONIES OP lNOSI'JERMES MINOR Despite it importance as a structural pest, our knowledge of the biology of the western drywood termite, Jncisitermes minor (Hagen), is very limited. -
Adding Essential Oils to Heat Treatments
applyparastyle "fig//caption/p[1]" parastyle "FigCapt" F&R "All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail" (CopyrightLine) "^nAll rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail" (CopyrightLine) Journal of Economic Entomology, 113(5), 2020, 2448–2457 doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa177 Advance Access Publication Date: 4 September 2020 Household and Structural Insects Research Volatile Essential Oils Can Be Used to Improve the Efficacy of Heat Treatments Targeting the Western Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/113/5/2448/5901518 by Technical Services - Serials user on 16 October 2020 Drywood Termite: Evidence from Simulated Whole House Heat Treatment Trials Daniel T. Perry1,2,3 and Dong-Hwan Choe1 1Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, 2Current affiliation: P&G Ventures, Procter & Gamble, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, and 3Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 19 April 2020; Editorial decision 10 July 2020 Abstract Colonies of western drywood termites, Incisitermes minor (Hagen) (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae), are difficult to detect and treat due to their cryptic nature. The use of heated air to create lethal temperatures within infested wood serves as a nonchemical treatment option targeting whole structure or large portions of the structure. However, the presence of hard-to-heat areas and potential risk of damage for heat-sensitive items are recog- nized as important challenges. Here, we tested if a localized injection of volatile essential oil could be utilized to address the heat sink issue, potentially increasing the overall efficiency of heat treatments against drywood termites. Artificially infested wooden blocks were placed in several locations of the test building, and heat treatments were conducted. -
Research in Biological Control of the Formosan Subterranean Termite Cai Wang Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2014 Research in Biological Control of the Formosan Subterranean Termite Cai Wang Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Cai, "Research in Biological Control of the Formosan Subterranean Termite" (2014). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 598. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/598 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. RESEARCH IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology by Cai Wang M.S., Chinese Academy of Science, 2010 B.S., Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2007 August 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincerest appreciation to my major professor, Dr. Gregg Henderson, a very important person in my life. I am very impressive for his meticulous attitude for scientific research. I benefited greatly from his valuable and illuminating suggestions for my research. It is also very touching for Dr. Henderson’s patience for my preliminary and sometimes “crazy” ideas. Also, he always could “see” what I ignored. For example, when I unintentionally talked about an observation that soldier and worker termites run in different directions after disturbance, he immediately pointed out the potential value to continue studying this and gave me valuable suggestions in the experiment. -
Totally Termites (Grades 3 – 5)
Totally Termites (Grades 3 – 5) Lesson Overview Students will explore the world of termites. This lesson includes a close-up look at termite specimens, special termite adaptations and insect anatomy. Students will also learn about property risks associated with termites, and how pest control professionals manage termite problems. Correlation with National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) § History and Nature of Science: Content Standard G: Science as a human endeavor § Life Science: Content Standard C: The characteristics of organisms § Science as Inquiry: Content Standard A: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry § Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Content Standard F: Types of Resources, Changes in Environments, Science and Technology in Local Challenges Key Concepts: Vocabulary Words: § Termites in the home are animals that are out of Adaptation place; they are considered pests. § Termites are amazing insects; they have unique Insect mouthparts, a special adaptation, that helps them Mouthpart survive. § Termites have specific body features that make them Pest insects. Pest Management § Termite behavior is influenced by hunger. Risk Specimen Skills Learned: Subterranean Termite Discussion Cause/Effect Communication Social Classification Appreciation Recognition Observation www.pestworldforkids.org page 1 of 10 Totally Termites (Grades 3 – 5) Getting Ready: Estimated Time: § Preparation: 20 Minutes § Lesson: 45 – 60 Minutes Materials: § Find specimens of the Subterranean Termite: Winged Reproductive Swarmers and Workers (see Additional Resources section for termite sources) § Hand Lenses (one per student is ideal) § Termite Fact Sheet § Termite Anatomy Sheet Preparation: § Arrange for and gather termite specimens (see Resources). One specimen per student is ideal. § Gather hand lenses (one per student is ideal). § Invite a termite control specialist into the classroom as a guest speaker. -
Social Insects: Bees, Wasps, Ants and Termites
Enrico Bonatti E.d.T. Outreach Practicum 11/11/2011 Social Insects: Bees, Wasps, Ants and Termites Teacher Resource Guide Before one understands what ‘social’ insects are it is first important to understand what an insect is in the first place. Insects are small arthropods with six legs and usually one or two pairs of wings; they are placed in the class Insecta or Hexapoda. The have an exoskeleton divided in three parts; head, thorax and abdomen. What are Social Insects? The eusocial, or most social of the insects, are the bees, wasps, ants, and termites. The bees, wasps, and ants are in the Order Hymenoptera, while the termites are in the Order Isoptera. All of the ants and termites are eusocial, while both the bees and wasps have many species that live solitary lives. Certain traits characterize the eusocial insects: -Reproductive division of labor: this means that the queen reproduces almost exclusively while other members of the colony specialize on different tasks. -Cooperative brood care: this means that contrastingly to many different animals, social insects all tend the brood together indiscriminately of whose offspring it is. -In the ants and termites there are castes that carry out different functions necessary for the survival of the colony depending on the size or age of the insect they carry different functions Social insects are organized into different ‘castes’, these are characterized by specialized roles (queen, soldiers, workers and such). Usually there is a queen that produces a lot of offspring and apart from her, many other sterile daughters (workers) that depending on their age or structure carry out specific tasks in or around the colony. -
Evaluation of the Temperature and Relative Humidity Preferences of the Western Dry-Wood Termite Incisitermes Minor (Hagen) Using Acoustic Emission (AE) Monitoring
J Wood Sci (2007) 53:76–79 © The Japan Wood Research Society 2006 DOI 10.1007/s10086-006-0817-0 NOTE Yuliati Indrayani · Tsuyoshi Yoshimura Yoshiyuki Yanase · Yoshihisa Fujii · Yuji Imamura Evaluation of the temperature and relative humidity preferences of the western dry-wood termite Incisitermes minor (Hagen) using acoustic emission (AE) monitoring Received: February 10, 2006 / Accepted: May 10, 2006 / Published online: July 24, 2006 Abstract Twenty-four different combinations of six tem- One of the most important environmental factors peratures (15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, and 40°C) and four relative affecting wood consumption by termites is temperature.9 humidity (RH) (60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%) conditions were Rudolph et al.10 stated that dry-wood termites used for pseudergates of the western dry-wood termite (Kalotermitidae) obtained their favorable relative humidity Incisitermes minor (Hagen). The feeding activities of the (RH) conditions indirectly via the available moisture from termites were monitored by the detection of generated wood and metabolic process. Both temperature and humid- acoustic emission (AE) events from feeder wood blocks in ity are likely to play important roles in the survival of ter- a test chamber. Temperature and RH showed independent mites and influence their feeding activities.5,6,11–16 and interactive significant effects on the feeding activity of Recently, considerable attention has been paid to meth- I. minor. The optimal temperature and RH conditions for ods of termite control using less or no chemicals. To prevent the feeding activities were 35°C and 70%, respectively, and or at least decrease termite damage with the reduced use of the optimal combinations were 35°C–70% and 35°C–80% chemicals, a nondestructive technique to detect termite at- with an exceptionally higher feeding activity at the combi- tack is indispensable.17,18 The feasibility of acoustic emission nation condition of 30°C–70%. -
Termites—An Identification Guide
Cooperative Extension Service Household and Structural Pests Feb. 1999 HSP-1 Hawaii’s Termites—An Identification Guide awaii’s year-round warm weather has allowed Termite basics Hmany introduced insect pests to take hold, and the Hawaii’s termite species are all able to use wood as their seven species of termite found here are among these im food source with the help of microorganisms in their migrants. The most destructive termites are the Formosan digestive systems. The Formosan subterranean termite subterranean termite and the West Indian drywood ter lives primarily underground and moves up into struc mite, both of which arrived during the past 100 years tures or trees to feed. Drywood and dampwood termites and are now common throughout the state. They cause live in wood at or above ground level. more than $100 million damage per year to structures. Dampwood termites live in wet and rotting wood The other five termite species are not as great an and get all of the water they need from their food. economic threat. They are pests of trees and only occa Drywood termites use water produced from the diges sionally infest structures. Three of them, the western tion of dry wood and do not require an external source drywood, Indo-Malaysian drywood, and Pacific damp of moisture. Subterranean termites live underground and wood termites, have arrived since the 1980s, and so far obtain water from the soil around them, but they must their distribution is not extensive. But because these re venture out of this ideal environment to find food.