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What Motivates the Authors of Video Game Walkthroughs and Faqs? a Study of Six Gamefaqs Contributors Michael Hughes Trinity University, [email protected]
Trinity University Digital Commons @ Trinity Library Faculty Research Coates Library 1-1-2018 What Motivates the Authors of Video Game Walkthroughs and FAQs? A Study of Six GameFAQs Contributors Michael Hughes Trinity University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/lib_faculty Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Repository Citation Hughes, M.J. (2018). What motivates the authors of video game walkthroughs and FAQs? A study of six GameFAQs contributors. First Monday, 23(1), 1-13. doi: 10.5210/fm.v23i1.7925 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Coates Library at Digital Commons @ Trinity. It has been accepted for inclusion in Library Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Trinity. For more information, please contact [email protected]. First Monday, Volume 23, Number 1 - 1 January 2018 Walkthroughs, also known as FAQs or strategy guides, are player-authored documents that provide step-by-step instructions on how to play and what to do in order to finish a given video game. Exegetical in their length and detail, walkthroughs require hours of exacting labor to complete. Yet authors are rarely compensated for work that markedly differs from other kinds of fan creativity. To understand their motivations, I interviewed six veteran GameFAQs authors, then inductively analyzed the transcripts. Open coding surfaced five themes attributable to each participant. Together, these themes constitute a shifting mix of motivations, including altruism, community belonging, self-expression, and recognition — primarily in the form of feedback and appreciation but also from compensation. -
Download a PDF Version of the Official
“To Open Minds, To Educate Intelligence, To Inform Decisions” The International Academic Forum provides new perspectives to the thought-leaders and decision-makers of today and tomorrow by offering constructive environments for dialogue and interchange at the intersections of nation, culture, and discipline. Headquartered in Nagoya, Japan, and registered as a Non-Profit Organization 一般社( 団法人) , IAFOR is an independent think tank committed to the deeper understanding of contemporary geo-political transformation, particularly in the Asia Pacific Region. INTERNATIONAL INTERCULTURAL INTERDISCIPLINARY iafor The Executive Council of the International Advisory Board Mr Mitsumasa Aoyama Professor June Henton Professor Baden Offord Director, The Yufuku Gallery, Tokyo, Japan Dean, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Professor of Cultural Studies and Human Rights & Co- USA Director of the Centre for Peace and Social Justice Southern Cross University, Australia Lord Charles Bruce Professor Michael Hudson Lord Lieutenant of Fife President of The Institute for the Study of Long-Term Professor Frank S. Ravitch Chairman of the Patrons of the National Galleries of Economic Trends (ISLET) Professor of Law & Walter H. Stowers Chair in Law Scotland Distinguished Research Professor of Economics, The and Religion, Michigan State University College of Law Trustee of the Historic Scotland Foundation, UK University of Missouri, Kansas City Professor Richard Roth Professor Donald E. Hall Professor Koichi Iwabuchi Senior Associate Dean, Medill School of Journalism, Herbert J. and Ann L. Siegel Dean Professor of Media and Cultural Studies & Director of Northwestern University, Qatar Lehigh University, USA the Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, Australia Former Jackson Distinguished Professor of English Professor Monty P. -
Virtual Parentalism Joshua A.T
Washington and Lee Law Review Volume 66 | Issue 3 Article 11 Summer 6-1-2009 Virtual Parentalism Joshua A.T. Fairfield Washington and Lee University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr Part of the Family Law Commons, and the Internet Law Commons Recommended Citation Joshua A.T. Fairfield, Virtual Parentalism, 66 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1215 (2009), https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr/vol66/iss3/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington and Lee Law Review at Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington and Lee Law Review by an authorized editor of Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Virtual Parentalism Joshua A.T. Fairfield* Abstract Parents,not laws, ultimately protect children both online and offline. If legislationplaces adults at legal risk because of the presence of children in virtualworlds, adults will exit those worlds, and children will be isolated into separatespaces. This will not improve safetyfor children. Instead,this Article suggests that Congressenact measuresthat encouragefiltering technology and parentaltools that will both protect children in virtualworlds, andprotectfree speech online. Table of Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................ 12 16 II. Parentalism and Cyberbalkanization .......................................... -
Art Games: Performativity and Interactivity a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Fine Arts of Ohio University In
Art Games: Performativity and Interactivity A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Fine Arts of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Sarah M. Grabner May 2018 © 2018 Sarah M. Grabner. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Art Games: Performativity and Interactivity by SARAH M. GRABNER has been approved for the School of Art + Design and the College of Fine Arts by Jennie Klein Professor of Art History Matthew R. Shaftel Dean, College of Fine Arts 3 Abstract GRABNER, SARAH M., M.A., May 2018, Art History Art Games: Performativity and Interactivity Director of Thesis: Jennie Klein This research’s intention is to define and classify what art games are and how these three particular games rely on the audience to activate the artworks, thus making the audience’s interactions essential to complete the artworks. Technology has always impacted the art world and shaped the media that artists experiment with and use. Today, there are many artists who use games as their method for conveying their ideas and messages. This paper will examine how three artists use gaming structures to critique historical and social topics through the audience’s interactions with the artworks’ gaming structures. The three case studies about Pippin Barr’s The Artist is Present, Tale of Tales’ The Path and Wafaa Bilal’s performance Domestic Tension will examine how these artworks exemplify and use the elements of the particular genre of games, art games. Through looking at research done on digital space and the case studies this paper will address how these artworks create a shift from the focus of the artwork being on the creator or artist to how the interactions and performance of the audience complete the works. -
The Future Past: Intertextuality in Contemporary Dystopian Video Games
The Future Past: Intertextuality in Contemporary Dystopian Video Games By Matthew Warren CUNY Baccalaureate for Unique and Interdisciplinary Studies Submitted to: Timothy Portlock, Advisor Hunter College Lee Quinby, Director Macaulay Honors College Thesis Colloquium 9 May 2012 Contents I. Introduction: Designing Digital Spaces II. Theoretical Framework a. Intertextuality in the visual design of video games and other media b. Examining the established visual iconography of dystopian setting II. Textual Evidence a. Retrofuturism and the Decay of Civilization in Bioshock and Fallout b. Innocence, Iteration, and Nostalgia in Team Fortress and Limbo III. Conclusion 2 “Games help those in a polarized world take a position and play out the consequences.” The Twelve Propositions from a Critical Play Perspective Mary Flanagan, 2009 3 Designing Digital Spaces In everyday life, physical space serves a primary role in orientation — it is a “container or framework where things exist” (Mark 1991) and as a concept, it can be viewed through the lense of a multitude of disciplines that often overlap, including physics, architecture, geography, and theatre. We see the function of space in visual media — in film, where the concept of physical setting can be highly choreographed and largely an unchanging variable that comprises a final static shot, and in video games, where space can be implemented in a far more complex, less linear manner that underlines participation and system-level response. The artistry behind the fields of production design and visual design, in film and in video games respectively, are exemplified in works that engage the viewer or player in a profound or novel manner. -
VIDEO GAME SUBCULTURES Playing at the Periphery of Mainstream Culture Edited by Marco Benoît Carbone & Paolo Ruffino
ISSN 2280-7705 www.gamejournal.it Published by LUDICA Issue 03, 2014 – volume 1: JOURNAL (PEER-REVIEWED) VIDEO GAME SUBCULTURES Playing at the periphery of mainstream culture Edited by Marco Benoît Carbone & Paolo Ruffino GAME JOURNAL – Peer Reviewed Section Issue 03 – 2014 GAME Journal A PROJECT BY SUPERVISING EDITORS Antioco Floris (Università di Cagliari), Roy Menarini (Università di Bologna), Peppino Ortoleva (Università di Torino), Leonardo Quaresima (Università di Udine). EDITORS WITH THE PATRONAGE OF Marco Benoît Carbone (University College London), Giovanni Caruso (Università di Udine), Riccardo Fassone (Università di Torino), Gabriele Ferri (Indiana University), Adam Gallimore (University of Warwick), Ivan Girina (University of Warwick), Federico Giordano (Università per Stranieri di Perugia), Dipartimento di Storia, Beni Culturali e Territorio Valentina Paggiarin, Justin Pickard, Paolo Ruffino (Goldsmiths, University of London), Mauro Salvador (Università Cattolica, Milano), Marco Teti (Università di Ferrara). PARTNERS ADVISORY BOARD Espen Aarseth (IT University of Copenaghen), Matteo Bittanti (California College of the Arts), Jay David Bolter (Georgia Institute of Technology), Gordon C. Calleja (IT University of Copenaghen), Gianni Canova (IULM, Milano), Antonio Catolfi (Università per Stranieri di Perugia), Mia Consalvo (Ohio University), Patrick Coppock (Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia), Ruggero Eugeni (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano), Roy Menarini (Università di Bologna), Enrico Menduni (Università di -
Playing Fair: Youtube, Nintendo, and the Lost Balance of Online Fair Use Natalie Marfo
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law Volume 13 | Issue 2 Article 6 5-1-2019 Playing Fair: Youtube, Nintendo, and the Lost Balance of Online Fair Use Natalie Marfo Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjcfcl Part of the Computer Law Commons, Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, Gaming Law Commons, Intellectual Property Law Commons, Internet Law Commons, and the Other Law Commons Recommended Citation Natalie Marfo, Playing Fair: Youtube, Nintendo, and the Lost Balance of Online Fair Use, 13 Brook. J. Corp. Fin. & Com. L. 465 (2019). Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjcfcl/vol13/iss2/6 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law by an authorized editor of BrooklynWorks. PLAYING FAIR: YOUTUBE, NINTENDO, AND THE LOST BALANCE OF ONLINE FAIR USE ABSTRACT Over the past decade, YouTube saw an upsurge in the popularity of “Let’s Play” videos. While positive for YouTube, this uptick was not without controversy. Let’s Play videos use unlicensed copyrighted materials, frustrating copyright holders. YouTube attempted to curb such usages by demonetizing and removing thousands of Let’s Play videos. Let’s Play creators struck back, arguing that the fair use doctrine protects their works. An increasing number of powerful companies, like Nintendo, began exploiting the ambiguity of the fair use doctrine against the genre; forcing potentially legal works to request permission and payment for Let’s Play videos, without a determination of fair use. -
Thomas Wood1 I. Introduction Microtransactions Are Generally
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ RIGGING THE GAME: THE LEGALITY OF RANDOM CHANCE PURCHASES (“LOOT BOXES”) UNDER CURRENT MASSACHUSETTS GAMBLING LAW Thomas Wood1 I. Introduction Microtransactions are generally defined as any additional payment made in a video game after the customer makes an original purchase.2 Over time, microtransactions have increased in prominence and are featured today in many free-to-play mobile games.3 However, some video game developers, to the outrage of consumers, have decided to include microtransactions in PC and console games, which already require an upfront $60 retail payment.4 Consumer advocacy groups have increasingly criticized Microtransactions as unfair to 1 J.D. Candidate, Suffolk University Law School, 2020; B.S. in Criminal Justice and minor in Political Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 2017. Thomas Wood can be reached at [email protected]. 2 See Eddie Makuch, Microtransactions, Explained: Here's What You Need To Know, GAMESPOT (Nov. 20, 2018), archived at https://perma.cc/TUX6-D9WL (defining microtransactions as “anything you pay extra for in a video game outside of the initial purchase”); see also Microtransaction, URBAN DICTIONARY (Oct. 29, 2018), archived at https://perma.cc/XS7R-Z4TT (describing microtransactions sarcastically as a “method that game companies use to make the consumer’s wallets burn” and “the cancer of modern gaming”). 3 See Mike Williams, The Harsh History of Gaming Microtransactions: From Horse Armor to Loot Boxes, USGAMER (Oct. 11, 2017), archived at https://perma.cc/PEY6-SFL2 (outlining how the loot box model was originally created in Asia through MMOs and free-to-play games); see also Loot Boxes Games, GIANT BOMB (Nov. -
Goose Game (2019) a Viewer
Digital Media, Society, and Culture Angus A. A. Mol AMS2019 • T.L. van der Linden Ah… The Memories • Iman and Caressa ask Is Fake News Conquering the World? • Zeynep On Podcasts • Liona on The Joker: A Story of Controversy • See also Alejandra on From Joker, With Love • Social Games • Bernardo on Gaming Friends in a Fight Against Solitude • Petra on Socializing in Online Games • Previously by Kevin (in DH2019): My Life Through Video Games DH2019 • Hiba on All is Fair in Love and Cookies • Philippe on a Da Vinci Robot • Sanem on What Color Are Bananas? • Connor has been Playing with Social Media • Kevin L. has been Playing in the Sandbox Video Games and other Digital Playgrounds Video games are ancient… Tennis for Two (Brookhaven, 1958) Nimrod (1951), world’s first The Sumerian Game(1964) videogame-playing computer Check it out (Hamurabi, BASIC version) Check it out Spacewar! (MIT, 1962) … Video Games are now! In the 20th Century, the moving image was the dominant cultural form. While music, architecture, the written word, and many other forms of expression flourished in the last century, the moving image came to dominate. Personal storytelling, news reporting, epic cultural narratives, political propaganda – all were expressed most powerfully through film and video. The rise of the moving image is tightly bound to the rise of information; film and video as media represent linear, non-interactive information that is accessed by Untitled Goose Game (2019) a viewer. The Ludic Century is an era of games. When information is put at play, game-like experiences replace linear media. -
Youtube Marketing: Legality of Sponsorship and Endorsement in Advertising Katrina Wu, University of San Diego
From the SelectedWorks of Katrina Wu Spring 2016 YouTube Marketing: Legality of Sponsorship and Endorsement in Advertising Katrina Wu, University of San Diego Available at: http://works.bepress.com/katrina_wu/2/ YOUTUBE MARKETING: LEGALITY OF SPONSORSHIP AND ENDORSEMENTS IN ADVERTISING Katrina Wua1 Abstract YouTube endorsement marketing, sometimes referred to as native advertising, is a form of marketing where advertisements are seamlessly incorporated into the video content unlike traditional commercials. This paper categorizes YouTube endorsement marketing into three forms: (1) direct sponsorship where the content creator partners with the sponsor to create videos, (2) affiliated links where the content creator gets a commission resulting from purchases attributable to the content creator, and (3) free product sampling where products are sent to content creators for free to be featured in a video. Examples in each of the three forms of YouTube marketing can be observed across virtually all genres of video, such as beauty/fashion, gaming, culinary, and comedy. There are four major stakeholder interests at play—the YouTube content creators, viewers, YouTube, and the companies—and a close examination upon the interplay of these interests supports this paper’s argument that YouTube marketing is trending and effective but urgently needs transparency. The effectiveness of YouTube marketing is demonstrated through a hypothetical example in the paper involving a cosmetics company providing free product sampling for a YouTube content creator. Calculations in the hypothetical example show impressive return on investment for such marketing maneuver. Companies and YouTube content creators are subject to disclosure requirements under Federal law if the content is an endorsement as defined by the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”). -
The Controversy of Star Wars: Battlefront 2 and the Influencers That Fueled the Fire
The controversy of Star Wars: Battlefront 2 and the influencers that fueled the fire By Johan Forsberg JMK, Institution of media studies Bachelor’s thesis 15 points Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap – kandidatkurs 30 hp Autumn term of 2018 Mentor: Jonas Jonsson Abstract The video game industry is an industry that has lately come to use and abuse the user the collective intelligence of social media. Corporations have come to rely on their communities as a form of free labor; instead of letting paid testers at the company judge the product, they have chosen to let users on social media communities do this for free. In the case of Star Wars: Battlefront 2, gamers even had to pay to play the beta version of the game. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how the release of the beta unfolded, with the user responses that followed and finally how EA Games chose to respond. Consumers, YouTubers and journalists alike gave the beta version of the game heavy criticism for being exploitative, almost gambling-like in nature. This thesis analyzed the language used in some of the key posts, reviews and videos surrounding the video game. It also analyzed Walt Disney’s impact on the decisions by EA Games. The study concludes that the controversy ultimately failed to damage EA Games in any long- lasting way, as a year later the stock value of the company has grown by 50%. The essay also concludes that EA Games chose to take immediate action not because of criticism from the media, but because of pressure from stakeholder Walt Disney. -
In the Digital Games Medium
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Communication Theses Department of Communication 7-15-2009 L337 Soccer Moms: Conceptions of "Hardcore" and "Casual" in the Digital Games Medium Steven Andrew Boyer Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/communication_theses Recommended Citation Boyer, Steven Andrew, "L337 Soccer Moms: Conceptions of "Hardcore" and "Casual" in the Digital Games Medium." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2009. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/communication_theses/53 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Communication at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. L337 SOCCER MOMS CONCEPTIONS OF “HARDCORE” AND “CASUAL” IN THE DIGITAL GAMES MEDIUM by STEVEN BOYER Under the Direction of Ted Friedman ABSTRACT As digital games have become increasingly significant in the entertainment media landscape, the terms “casual” and “hardcore” have become the primary ways to describe gaming audiences, genres, and gameplay. However, these terms are saturated with outdated stereotypes involving gender, age, and class. Focusing on industrial discourse, this thesis examines this dichotomy, emphasizing areas of discontinuity and overlap to question why these terms have become so ubiquitous in gaming discourse and what functions they fulfill for a variety of groups including the industry, advertisers, and audience members. Ultimately, I suggest that these terms need to be replaced in order to move beyond restrictive stereotypes, proposing a new framework for digital games that takes into consideration user motivation, personal investment, and historical specificity.