DOCSLIB.ORG

Redalyc.Weight-Length Relationship and Relative Condition of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Redalyc.Weight-Length Relationship and Relative Condition of The Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Herrero-Pérezrul, M.D.; Reyes-Bonilla, H. Weight-Length relationship and relative condition of the holothurian Isostichopus fuscus at Espíritu Santo Island, Gulf of California, México Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 56, núm. 3, diciembre, 2008, pp. 273-280 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44920273015 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Weight-Length relationship and relative condition of the holothurian Isostichopus fuscus at Espíritu Santo Island, Gulf of California, México M.D. Herrero-Pérezrul1 & H. Reyes-Bonilla2 1. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ave. IPN S/n Col., Playa Palo de Santa Rita, CP. 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., México. Phone: +52(612)122-53-66. Fax: +52(612)122-53-22; [email protected]. 2. Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Apdo. Postal 19-B, CP 23080, La Paz, B.C.S., México. Received 11-IX-2007. Corrected 18-IV-2008. Accepted 17-IX-2008. Abstract: Holothurians were heavily exploited worldwide during the last decade. The high prices of the prod- uct prompted the opening of new fishing grounds in the west coast of American countries, such as México and Ecuador. In these countries, the target species is Isostichopus fuscus. There is good information regarding the reproductive biology, growth and abundance of this sea cucumber, however, more studies are still needed, espe- cially those which can supply information on the physiological condition of the individuals. The objective of this study was to estimate the relative condition of an exploited population of I. fuscus at Isla Espíritu Santo, in the southern Gulf of California, México. A total of 1 446 individuals were analyzed during 1996-1997. Length and weight were monitored each month. We calculated the weight-length relationship and the index of relative condition (Kn). The mean length and weight were 23.3+0.1 cm and 385.9+3.9 g respectively. The weight-length relationship showed that I. fuscus grew allometrically at the study site. The index of relative condition (Kn) had an average of 1.040 +0.027, and ranged from 0.123 to 2.816. There were no statistical differences in Kn along the year, although the highest values appeared from November to April. Kn presented a parabolic relationship with total length, and peaked at 21 cm length, the size of first maturity. This pattern may indicate that the condi- tion of individuals is slowly improving with age up to a point and then decreases gradually, a possible evidence of aging and the first indication of senescence in holothurians. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (Suppl. 3): 273-280. Epub 2009 January 05. Key words: Isostichopus fuscus, holothurians, weight-length relationship, relative condition, Gulf of California. Holothurians have been heavily fished and Shirley 1996, Herrero-Pérezrul et al. 1999, around the world, and reports of a decrease in Ramírez Soberón et al. 2001). I. fuscus is world catch have become common during the the most important commercial species in the last decade (Conand 2000, Hearn et al. 2005). eastern Pacific and has been so since the early In America this fishery is not traditional; never- nineties. After a few years of intense exploita- theless, the high price of the product prompted tion, the government of Mexico and Ecuador the opening of new fishing grounds in the west banned the fishery for many years (Anonymous coast of Alaska, Canada, the United States, 1994, Fajardo-León and Vélez Barajas 1996, México, and the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. In Sonnenholzner 1997, Jenkins and Mulliken this region, the target species are Isostichopus 1999). At the end of the decade, strong social fuscus (Ludwig 1875), Parastichopus parvi- pressure lead to the reopening of the fishery, but mensis (H.L. Clark 1913) and P. californicus this time in the frame of a better legislation and (Stimpson 1857) (Heizer and Hobbs 1994, Zhou knowledge of the status of the populations. Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 56 (Suppl. 3): 273-280, December 2008 273 There is good information regarding the during 1996-1997. Individuals were collected reproductive biology, growth and abundance monthly on six shallow bays of the island (~10 of Isostichopus fuscus (Fajardo-León et al. m depth) where a total of 1 446 individuals 1995, Herrero-Pérezrul et al. 1999, Hamel et were measured and weighted. Length was al. 2003, Reyes-Bonilla and Herrero-Pérezrul registered in situ to the closest centimeter from 2003, Hearn et al. 2005), used to establish mouth to anus using flexible tapes (precision 1 basic management programs in México and mm), a procedure that avoided contraction of Ecuador, including total allowable catch (TAC), the holothurians. Each individual was collected reproductive ban (from June to September in in individual bags, transported to a boat, and México), and minimum weight and size of weighted with spring scales (precision + 5 g). capture. Notwithstanding, more studies are The organisms were then returned to the gen- still needed, especially those which can sup- eral area where they resided. ply information on the physiological condition With that information we estimated the of the individuals, as an indication of their weight-length relationship according to the fishing yield. The study of condition assumes general equation (Cone 1989): that heavier organisms of a given length are in b better physical condition, therefore, condition W = aL indices are used in fishery science as indicators where W = weight in g, L = body length in cm, of the weight-to-length relationship of a popu- a = the ordinate, b = the slope of the curve. lation or subgroup. The physiological state of Using the parameters of the equation and an animal is related to its evolutionary fitness, the observed data of weight and length, we thus health status would be an indicator of calculated the index of relative condition (Kn) reproductive success and of the ability to cope for each specimen (Anibeze 2000). This index with environmental factors (Cone 1989, Jones expresses how different is the weight of a given et al. 1999). One of the best ways to analyze individual from the expected value calculated this subject is to evaluate the relationship for the entire population. between weight and length of a given species, and the use of the relative condition index Kn = W/aLb Kn (Cone 1989). Relative condition relates individual weight to a standard population To describe the results we estimated the weight, which must be specified for a popula- monthly mean and standard error of Kn, as tion or region of interest (Murphy et al. 1991). well as the first and third percentile of the data Consequently, Kn is limited to comparisons of (Sokal and Rohlf 1995). It has been suggested individuals in a population of interest with a that regression-line-percentile is considered to standard population. be a proper technique when analyzing condi- Considering this background, the objective tion indices (Murphy et al. 1991). Finally, since of this study was to estimate the relative condi- data were normally distributed (Kolmogorov- tion of a population of I. fuscus at Isla Espíritu Smirnof, p>0.05) a one-way ANOVA (α = Santo, in the southern Gulf of California, 0.05) was used to detect differences in time of México, where the stock was under active the values of Kn. exploitation until 1994. RESULTS MATERIALS AND METHODS The sampled population of Isostichopus The population of I. fuscus of Isla Espíritu fuscus had a mean length of 23.3 ± 0.1 cm and Santo in the southern Gulf of California, weight of 385.9 ± 3.9 g, with minimum and México (24°35’55” N, 110°24’17” W; and maximum values of 5 and 40 cm, and 15 and 24°24’04” N, 110°19’13” W), was monitored 830 g, respectively. 274 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 56 (Suppl. 3): 273-280, December 2008 The weight-length relationship (Fig. 1) when the individuals are not in reproductive evidenced that the species grows allometri- activity, and low from June to October. cally, as it appears to be the general case in Kn presented a parabolic relationship with tropical holothurians (Table 1). total length (p<0.05; Fig. 3), which had its The index of relative condition (Kn) had highest point (1.0961) at 20 cm length. an overall average of 1.040 + 0.027 and ranged from 0.123 (lowest value found in June 1997) DISCUSSION to 2.816 (highest value in July 1997). No statistical differences were detected in the Kn According to Herrero-Pérezrul et al. (1999), values among months (F11, 1434 = 0.616, p = the maximum size of I. fuscus (estimated as the 0.817), although monthly mean was higher in asymptotic length Linf and weight Winf, from the September and August, 1996, and June and Bertalanffy growth equation) were 36.1 cm and July 1997. The tendencies of Kn are also clear 815.4 g, respectively. We found similar length in the plot of the third percentile of the data, values from other relevant commercial spe- which apparently depicts an annual oscillation cies for which information is available. It can (Fig. 2). be seen that the maximum length of I. fuscus The polynomial curve indicates that Kn is high, surpassed only by Stichopus japoni- attains its peak in winter and spring.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SPC Beche-De-Mer Information Bulletin #39 – March 2019
    ISSN 1025-4943 Issue 39 – March 2019 BECHE-DE-MER information bulletin v Inside this issue Editorial Towards producing a standard grade identification guide for bêche-de-mer in This issue of the Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin is well supplied with Solomon Islands 15 articles that address various aspects of the biology, fisheries and S. Lee et al. p. 3 aquaculture of sea cucumbers from three major oceans. An assessment of commercial sea cu- cumber populations in French Polynesia Lee and colleagues propose a procedure for writing guidelines for just after the 2012 moratorium the standard identification of beche-de-mer in Solomon Islands. S. Andréfouët et al. p. 8 Andréfouët and colleagues assess commercial sea cucumber Size at sexual maturity of the flower populations in French Polynesia and discuss several recommendations teatfish Holothuria (Microthele) sp. in the specific to the different archipelagos and islands, in the view of new Seychelles management decisions. Cahuzac and others studied the reproductive S. Cahuzac et al. p. 19 biology of Holothuria species on the Mahé and Amirantes plateaux Contribution to the knowledge of holo- in the Seychelles during the 2018 northwest monsoon season. thurian biodiversity at Reunion Island: Two previously unrecorded dendrochi- Bourjon and Quod provide a new contribution to the knowledge of rotid sea cucumbers species (Echinoder- holothurian biodiversity on La Réunion, with observations on two mata: Holothuroidea). species that are previously undescribed. Eeckhaut and colleagues P. Bourjon and J.-P. Quod p. 27 show that skin ulcerations of sea cucumbers in Madagascar are one Skin ulcerations in Holothuria scabra can symptom of different diseases induced by various abiotic or biotic be induced by various types of food agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Cop13 Doc. 37.2
    CoP13 Doc. 37.2 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Thirteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Bangkok (Thailand), 2-14 October 2004 Interpretation and implementation of the Convention Species trade and conservation issues Sea cucumbers IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISION 12.60 1. This document has been submitted by Ecuador. Introduction 2. The international trade in sea cucumbers remains a significant conservation issue, and Ecuador has listed one of its native – and heavily exploited – species (Isostichopus fuscus) in Appendix III to control illegal exports and ensure sustainable harvest in the Galapagos Islands. 3. At the 12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (Santiago, 2002), the United States of America submitted document CoP12 Doc. 45 on the Trade in sea cucumbers in the families Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae. That document described the extensive global trade in various species of sea cucumbers and led to the adoption of Decisions 12.60 and 12.61. 4. Decision 12.61 directs the Secretariat, in part, to the following: b) contingent on the availability of external funding, cooperate with other relevant bodies, including the fisheries sector, to convene a technical workshop to consider and review biological and trade information that would assist in establishing conservation priorities and actions to secure the conservation status of sea cucumbers in these families; and c) contract the preparation of a document for discussion at the technical workshop. This document should contain all relevant available information concerning the status, catches and bycatches of, and trade in specimens of species in the families Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae and on any domestic measures for their conservation and protection, and a review of the adequacy of such measures.
    [Show full text]
  • SPC Beche-De-Mer Infomation Bulletin
    SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin #23 – February 2006 39 AbstractsAbstracts && publicationspublications beche-de-merbeche-de-mer SPC translates two chapters of Chantal Conand’s 1989 thesis1:“Aspidochirote holothurians of the New Caledonia lagoon: Biology, ecology and exploitation” SPC's Reef Fisheries Observatory has organised the translation of two chapters of Chantal Conand's semi- nal thesis on the ecology and biology of sea cucumbers. Although this thesis was published in French in 1989, a long time ago, many results were never made available to the wider audience of non-French speak- ers. Since the initial publication of this work, interest on holothurian resources and their management has only increased, and SPC hopes this translation will be of use to fishers, researchers and managers alike. Chantal Conand is now Professor Emeritus at La Reunion University. Her PhD was undertaken at the ORSTOM (now IRD) Center in New Caledonia, and the Laboratory Océanographie Biologique of the University of Bretagne Occidentale in France. She is still involved in sea cucumber research, as the sci- entific editor of this Beche-de-mer Bulletin published by SPC and several programmes of regional and international interest. The translated parts of the PhD thesis are listed below: Part of Chapter two: Ecology of the aspidochirote holothurians 4. Autoecology 4.1 Analytical methods 4.2 General results on distribution, density and biomass 4.3 Ecology of main species 4.4 Discussion of results 5. Taxocoenoses 5.1 Methods 5.2 Richness of the various biotopes 5.3 Main taxocoenosess 5.4 Discussion 5.5 Factors of the distribution 6.
    [Show full text]
  • App III Report 15 Dec 04 Web.Qxp
    FIRST CHOICE OR FALLBACK? AN EXAMINATION OF ISSUES RELATING TO THE APPLICATION OF APPENDIX III OF CITES TO MARINE SPECIES ANNA WILLOCK,MARKUS BURGENER AND ANA SANCHO A TRAFFIC REPORT TRAFFIC R This report was published with the kind support of Published by TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK. © 2004 TRAFFIC International All rights reserved. All material appearing in this publication is copyrighted and may be reproduced with permission. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit TRAFFIC International as the copyright owner. The views of the author expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC network, WWF or IUCN. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. Suggested citation: Willock, A., Burgener, M. and Sancho, A. (2004). First Choice or Fallback? An examination of issues relating to the application of Appendix III of CITES to marine species. TRAFFIC International. ISBN 1 85850 206 3 Front cover photograph: Main photograph: Sea surrounding Isabela Island, Galapagos Islands. Inset, from top to bottom: Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias; Sea cucumber fishing, Isabela Island, Galapagos Islands; Confiscated wet abalone Haliotis midae. Photograph credits: In order as above: WWF-Canon, Pablo Corral; WWF-Canon Wildlife Pictures, Jêrome Mallefet; WWF- Canon, Pablo Corral; FCO K.
    [Show full text]
  • Density and Population Parameters of Sea Cucumber Isostichopus Badionotus (Echinodermata: Stichopodidae) at Sisal, Yucatan
    Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 46(2): 416-423Density, 2018 and population parameters of sea cucumber at Sisal, Yucatan 416 1 DOI: 10.3856/vol46-issue2-fulltext-17 Research Article Density and population parameters of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata: Stichopodidae) at Sisal, Yucatan Alberto de Jesús-Navarrete1, María Nallely May Poot2 & Alejandro Medina-Quej2 1Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, Estructura y Función del Bentos El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Quintana Roo, México 2Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal, Licenciatura en Biología, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México Corresponding author: Alberto de Jesús-Navarrete ([email protected]) ABSTRACT. The density and population parameters of the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus from Sisal, Yucatan, Mexico were determined during the fishing season. Belt transects of 200 m2 were set in 10 sampling sites at two fishing areas. All organisms within the belt were counted and collected. In the harbor, 7,618 sea cucumbers were measured and weighed: the population parameters were determined using FISAT II. Mean densities of I. badionotus in April 2011, September 2011 and February 2012 were 0.84 ± 0.40, 0.51 ± 0.46, and 0.32 ± 0.17 ind m-2, respectively. Sea cucumber total length varied from 90 to 420 mm, with a uni-modal distribution. The growth parameters were: L∞ = 403 mm, K = 0.25, and to = -0.18, with an allometric growth (W = 2.81L1.781). The total mortality was 0.88, whereas natural mortality was 0.38, fish mortality was 0.50 and the exploitation rate 0.54. Even when sea cucumbers fishery in Sisal is recent and in development with a high density (5570 ind ha-1), it is necessary to establish management strategies to protect the resource, such as an annual catch quota, catching size (>280 mm length), monitoring of population density, and reproduction and larval distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife and Ecosystems the Ecuador Project Winter 2017 January 18 – March 3
    WILDLIFE AND ECOSYSTEMS THE ECUADOR PROJECT WINTER 2017 JANUARY 18 – MARCH 3 ACADEMIC SYLLABUS Lead instructor: Geoff Gallice, Ph.D. Office hours: We will all be in close contact, meeting every day throughout the course. There will be a number of ‘check-in days’ where we will schedule student-instructor meetings. If you would like to have a meeting outside of those times, you can certainly make an appointment, or find an appropriate available time, and I am happy to oblige. Class meetings: The Wildlands Studies Ecuador Project involves seven days per week of instruction and field research during the program. Faculty and staff work directly with students 6-10+ hours a day and are available for tutorials and coursework discussion before and after scheduled activities. Scheduled activities each day begin as early as 6 am, with breaks for meals. Most evenings include scheduled activities, as well as reading discussions, guest lectures, structured study time, and night time field activities. When in the backcountry or at a field site, our activities may start as early as 4 am or end as late as 10 pm (e.g., for wildlife observation). It is necessary to be flexible and able to accommodate a variety of class and activity times. Course credit: Wildlands Studies Project students receive credit for three undergraduate courses. These three courses have distinct objectives and descriptions, and we integrate teaching and learning through both formal learning situations (i.e., lectures and seminars) and field surveys. Academic credit is provided by Western Washington University. Extended descriptions follow in the course description section of this syllabus.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuna Be, Or Not Tuna Be: Using Catch Data to Observe the Ecological Impacts of Commercial Tuna Fisheries in the Pacific Ocean at Varying Spatial Scales
    TUNA BE, OR NOT TUNA BE: USING CATCH DATA TO OBSERVE THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF COMMERCIAL TUNA FISHERIES IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN AT VARYING SPATIAL SCALES by Laurenne Louise Schiller B.Sc. (Hons.), University of Guelph, 2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies (Zoology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2014 © Laurenne Louise Schiller, 2014 ABSTRACT Tuna are arguably the world’s most valuable, versatile, yet vulnerable fishes. With current landings over 4 million tonnes annually, all species of tuna from all three major ocean basins are caught, traded, and consumed at various intensities around the globe. Understanding the implications of such an extensive industry is paramount to protecting the long-term health and sustainability of both the tuna fisheries as well as the ecosystems in which they operate. Given that the Pacific Ocean accounts for roughly two-thirds of the global commercial tuna catch, this thesis assesses the trends and ecological impacts of commercial tuna fishing at both the artisanal and industrial scale in this ocean. To observe the importance of tuna fisheries at a local scale, a case study of the Galápagos Islands is presented. In this context, it was observed that over-fishing and the subsequent depletion of large, low fecund serranids has resulted in a high level of ‘fishing down’ within the near- shore ecosystem. Consequently, as fishers are forced to expand to regions off-shore, tuna and coastal scombrids are becoming increasingly targeted. With regard to industrial fishing, tuna vessels (especially distant-water longliners) are known to generate a substantial amount of associated bycatch and discards.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Status, Fisheries and Trade of Sea Cucumbers in Latin America and the Caribbean Verónica Toral-Granda
    211 Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Latin America and the Caribbean Verónica Toral-Granda Galapagos Islands: a hotspot of sea cucumber fisheries in Latin America and the Caribbean Verónica Toral-Granda 213 Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Latin America and the Caribbean Verónica Toral-Granda FAO Consultant Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador E-mail: [email protected] Toral-Granda,V. 2008. Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Latin America and the Caribbean. In V. Toral-Granda, A. Lovatelli and M. Vasconcellos (eds). Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 516. Rome, FAO. 2008. pp. 213–229. SUMMARY The region under study comprises a total of 25 countries where, although there are some sea cucumber fisheries, scant information exists about them. There are eleven species of sea cucumbers currently harvested for commercial use in the region, with legal and illegal fisheries currently occurring in Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Peru, Venezuela and Chile. In most of the countries where a fishery exists, there is hardly any biological or ecological information as well as little knowledge on the population status and even, in some cases, the taxonomy of the species under commercial exploitation. In most countries with ongoing fisheries, no management measures are in place and new species are normally being incorporated to the fishing activities. Although sea cucumber fishing it is not a traditional activity, some households have become highly dependent on this fishery, with increasing pressure towards decision makers to allow such activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) Revista De Biología Tropical, Vol
    Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Wolff, Matthias; Schuhbauer, Anna; Castrejón, Mauricio A revised strategy for the monitoring and management of the Galapagos sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 60, núm. 2, junio, 2012, pp. 539-551 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44923872003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative A revised strategy for the monitoring and management of the Galapagos sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) Matthias Wolff1,2*, Anna Schuhbauer1 & Mauricio Castrejón3 1. Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF), Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador; [email protected], [email protected] 2. Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Deutschland; [email protected] 3. World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador; [email protected] * Corresponding author Received 09-V-2011. Corrected 05-IX-2011. Accepted 07-X-2011. Abstract: The brown sea cucumber fishery is active in the Galapagos Islands since the year 1991 after its col- lapse in mainland Ecuador. This paper analyzes the Galapagos Sea cucumber fishery over the past decade and the reasons for its management pitfalls and chronic over fishing, and proposes an improved strategy for estimating stock size and harvest potential. Based on the historical distribution of the fishing fleet and past fishery surveys, 15 macrozones were defined; their areas were estimated from the coastline to the 30m isobaths and the numbers of sample replicates per macrozone were calculated for a density estimate precision of ±25%.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America
    Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America Bearbeitet von Juan José Alvarado, Francisco Alonso Solis-Marin 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. XVII, 658 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 20050 2 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1239 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Chemie, Biowissenschaften, Agrarwissenschaften > Biowissenschaften allgemein > Ökologie Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Chapter 2 The Echinoderms of Mexico: Biodiversity, Distribution and Current State of Knowledge Francisco A. Solís-Marín, Magali B. I. Honey-Escandón, M. D. Herrero-Perezrul, Francisco Benitez-Villalobos, Julia P. Díaz-Martínez, Blanca E. Buitrón-Sánchez, Julio S. Palleiro-Nayar and Alicia Durán-González F. A. Solís-Marín (&) Á M. B. I. Honey-Escandón Á A. Durán-González Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Colección Nacional de Equinodermos ‘‘Ma. E. Caso Muñoz’’, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Post. 70-305, 04510, México, D.F., México e-mail: [email protected] A. Durán-González e-mail: [email protected] M. B. I. Honey-Escandón Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), UNAM, Apdo. Post. 70-305, 04510, México, D.F., México e-mail: [email protected] M. D. Herrero-Perezrul Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico's Ten Most Iconic Endangered Species
    Alejandro Olivera Center for Biological Diversity, April 2018 Executive summary exico is one of the world’s most biologically rich nations, with diverse landscapes that are home to a treasure trove of wildlife, including plant and animal species found nowhere else. Sadly, in Mexico and Maround the world, species are becoming extinct because of human activities at rates never seen before. In this report we highlight the threats facing Mexico’s 10 most iconic endangered species to help illustrate the broader risks confronting the country’s imperiled plants and animals. These 10 species — which in most cases are protected only on paper — were chosen to reflect Mexico’s diversity of wildlife and ecosystems and the wide range of threats to the country’s biodiversity. New awareness of these unique animals and plants is critical to inspiring a nationwide demand to protect these critical components of Mexico’s natural heritage. Although the Mexican government began officially listing and protecting species as extinct, threatened, endangered, and “under special protection” in 1994 — more than 20 years ago — few species have actually recovered, and many critical threats continue unabated. In many cases, officials are failing to enforce crucial laws and regulations that would protect these species. Additionally, the Mexican government has not updated its official list of imperiled species, referred to as NOM059, since 2010, despite new and growing risks from climate change, habitat destruction, the wildlife trade and in some cases direct killing. This failure obscures the true plight of the nation’s endangered wildlife. The following 10 iconic endangered species are not adequately protected by the Mexican government: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Studies in Marine Science 9 (2017) 35–42
    Regional Studies in Marine Science 9 (2017) 35–42 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Regional Studies in Marine Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rsma The potential for propagation of the commercial sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus (Ludwig, 1875) by induced transverse fission Jorge I. Sonnenholzner a,*, Ricardo Searcy-Bernal b, María Panchana-Orralaa a Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas. 30.5, Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador b Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico h i g h l i g h t s • Isostichopus fuscus asexual reproduction was induced by fission and body parts regenerated in 90 days. • A high protein diet with brown macroalgae powder produced a rapid growth of posterior body parts. • This technique might be used for restoring wild populations of sea cucumbers. article info a b s t r a c t Article history: This study evaluated the potential to propagate asexually the brown sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus by Received 18 March 2016 induction of transverse fission, and its ability to survive, grow and regenerate body parts into a whole Received in revised form 3 October 2016 animal. Two independent experiments were performed. Experiment 1: sixty-two adult animals (18.8 ± Accepted 14 October 2016 0.2 cm and 368.1 ± 7.2 g) were cut six centimeters from the rear, and during this process they eviscerated. Available online 18 October 2016 Survival of body-parts (anterior and posterior) of animals and regeneration times were evaluated, until Keywords: all individuals showed complete regeneration in terms of its morphology (lasted 13-wk).
    [Show full text]