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DRAUGHT ANIMAL NEWS No. 36 June 2002 Produced by: Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh Funded by: British Department for International Development 52. Van niekerk, H.R. and Hancke, G.P. (1999). An animal powered electricity generator for stand alone applications. 1999 IEEE Africon, 5th Africon Conference in Africa (Cat. No.99CH36342). Part vol.2, Piscataway, NJ, USA. pp.939–942. DRAUGHT ANIMAL NEWS No. 36 June 2002 Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine University of Edinburgh, Scotland CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAUGHT ANIMAL NEWS 36 ISSN 1354–6953 Y.C. Bhatt College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthasn, India I Draught Animal News continues to bring you the latest information from around Bruce Joubert the world. In this issue the camel features in several articles from India. In University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314 Alice 5700 RSA Rajasthan in particular many camels can be found transporting goods in carts. There is news of a recent meeting on donkeys, mules and horses in Syria and R. Karunakaran information from development projects in Latin America. Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Research Station, Kattupakkam 603203, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, India I Draught Animal news accepts articles in Spanish and French as well as in Artemio Cruz León English. We receive articles from many parts of the world and hope that by Profesor de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Chapingo, estado de México publishing articles in three languages we will be accessible to a greater readership. The newsletter is sent out to many countries and although we Damil J Patel receive funding by the British Department for International Development we do General Manager, Damil Engineers Pvt Ltd, PO Narol, Ahmedabad 382 405, run on a very tight budget and are grateful to receive subscriptions from those Gujarat, India (www.damilengineers.com) able to cover the annual subscription rate of £8.00. Tej Partap CSK Agriculture University, Palampur 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India I For those sending in articles we prefer you to send us your input on a 3” disk (using Microsoft Word, Word Perfect or Rich Text Format) or via email. If you Brian G Sims wish to include photographs, please ensure these are original and of good PROMETA project, Cochabamba, Bolivia ([email protected]) quality because of losses in the reproduction process. High resolution Vir Singh photographs saved in .tif format are preferable (using Winzip to compress the Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, GB Plant University of file if necessary). Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttaranchal, India I We are always pleased to hear of any meetings, forthcoming events books Ghanshyam Tiwari and useful websites that can be advertised in the newsletter. Send in articles Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology and news to the Editor, Dr R.A. Pearson, Editor, Draught Animal News, Centre and Engineering, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RH, Scotland. (Fax: 44 131 445 5099; email: [email protected]). I The drawing on the front cover by Archie Hunter is taken from a photograph by Paul Starkey. I This publication is funded by the UK Department of International Development (DIFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DIFID. 2. 51. Singh, V. and Sharma, R.J. (1993). Energetics of crossbred dairy cows in Himalayan environment. CONTENTS In: Singh, V. (ed.) op.cit., 147–164. Singh, V, Sharma, R.J. and Sharma, M.L. (1995). Status of draught animal power in Garhwal Research & Development Projects Implements ................................35 Mountains. Adv. Agric. Res. India 3, 173–178. Latin America ........................... 2 New Book...................................40 Asia ........................................ 12 General Article ...........................41 Meeting Reports ........................ 30 Recent Publications ...................51 RECENT PUBLICATIONS Forthcoming Events ..................34 Adu, I.F., Omotayo, A.M., Aina, A.B.J. and Iposu, S.O. (2000). Animal traction technology in Ogun State, Nigeria potentials and constraints. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 27: 95–98. Arene, C.J., Jaafar, F.M. (1998). Impact of fascioliasis (liverfluke disease) on productivity of animal RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS traction technology in Adamawa State of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture Technology & Education 3: 1&3, 34–38. 1. LATIN AMERICA Asmare, A.A. (2000). The camel, the prime source of food for human consumption in harsh arid and semi-arid areas (Camelus dromedarius). Folia Veterinaria 44: 4, 215–221. (a) Bolivia Dahlan, I., Shamsul, B.M.T. and Aidi, M. (1997). Buffaloes as draught animal power in oil palm plantations. Proceedings 5th World Buffalo Congress, Royal Palace, Caserta, Italy, 13-16 Improved management and use of draft animals in the Andean hill farming October, 1997. Italy. pp. 471–475. systems of Bolivia Gboku, M.L.S. (1999). Farm technology: women’s participation and resource control in Sierra Brian G Sims, Leonardo Zambrana and Jeroen Dijkman Leone. Journal of Extension Systems 15: 1, 3–15. PROMETA project, Cochabamba, Bolivia. [email protected] Halim, R.A., Saikia, H.C. and Bhowmick, B.C. (1999). Pattern of energy use in crop production – a critical analysis in Golaghat district of Assam. Agricultural Economics Research Review 12: Draught animals are the most important power source in the mid-Andean hill region. 1, 1–6. However the harsh environment of the area (high, dry and cold) with seasonal shortages Haque, M.A., Umar, B. and Kawuyo, U.A. (2000). A preliminary survey on the use of animal power of fodder, means that working oxen very often have to be sold at a loss at the end of the in agricultural operations in Adamawa state, Nigeria. Outlook on Agriculture 29: 2, 123–127. tillage season. The use of horses and donkeys is widespread, but for transport only, as Henriksson, M. and Lindholm, E. L. (2000). The use and role of animal draught power in Cuban suitable implements have not been available to diversify their use to other productive agriculture, a field study in Havana province. Minor Field Studies - International Office, areas. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Uppsala, Sweden No. 100, 46 pp. The PROMETA Working Animal Improvement Project aims to improve draft animal Kirchhof, G., Priyono, S., Utomo, W.H., Adisarwanto, T., Dacanay, E.V. and So, H.B. (2000). The effect of soil puddling on the soil physical properties and the growth of rice and post-rice crops. performance and management in the region through farmer participatory adaptive Soil & Tillage Research 56: 1/2, 37–50. research and development. We are investigating all fields of working animal welfare Kuwar, B.S. and Shrestha, H.R. (1999). Draught animal use and possibility of single oxen pulled (health, nutrition and equipment: Sims et al., 2001), but in the six communities where plough in Nepal. Veterinary Review (Kathmandu). 14: 11–17. we are working the cry was for research into implements and harnesses for working Meer, F.B.W. van der, Twomlow, S.J., Bruneau, P.M.C. and Reid, I. (1999). Weed management equines so that they could be used for a much wider range of farm tasks. in semi-arid agriculture: application of a soil moisture competition model. 1999 Brighton crop The problem with equines is that they are light in weight compared with oxen, and protection conference: weeds. Proceedings of an international conference, Brighton, UK, 15– so have less potential to produce the pulling force necessary for tillage implements. 18 November 1999. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, UK, Vol 1, pp 385–390. However, by applying basic mechanical principles, they can be used to pull such Palluet, B. and Vautherin, P. (1999). Skidding by animal traction of small softwood stems. [French] Foret-Entreprise No. 128, 57–59. implements by means of simple and comfortable transmission systems such as the Ponce Ceballos, F., Vento Tielves, R. and Sims, B.G. (2000). Comparative study of influence of high-lift harness. Trials have shown that significant draft force reductions can be animal traction and light tractors on soil compaction in Cuba. AMA, Agricultural Mechanization o achieved by increasing the angle of pull up to 40 Inns, 1998). The harness is in Asia, Africa & Latin America 31: 3, 19–23. complemented by light-weight implements (ploughs, cultivators, ridgers, harrows, Ruben, R. and Ruijven, A. van. (2001). Technical coefficients for bio-economic farm household seeders, etc.) coupled to a common frame. Albina, one of the farmers can now use the models: a meta-modelling approach with applications for southern Mali. Ecological Economics family donkey for weeding and ridging. Plate 1 shows a light-weight ridger, designed by 36: 3, 427–441. PROMETA and built by CIFEMA which has enabled a diversification in working animal Slingerland, M. (2000). Mixed farming: scope and constraints in West African Savanna. use. Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen (Wageningen Agricultural University), Wageningen, On-farm trials, led by knowledgeable farmers, formed part of an iterative process Netherlands. 289 pp. Subbarao, G.V., Renard, C., Payne, W.A. and Bationo, A. (2000). Long-term effects of tillage, during which the research team produced prototypes which were subjected to farmer phosphorus
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