SubGeV Dark Maer searches with EDELWEISS C. Nones on behalf of the EDELWEISS collaboraon Outline • The scienfic context • EDELWEISS-III : setup & FID detectors • From EDW-III to EDW-SubGeV – Axion-like limits – Above-ground acvies: EDW-Surf – LSM results: EDW R&D • Conclusions and Prospecves

2 EDELWEISS-SubGeV:The scienfic Scientific context context

eV keV MeV GeV TeV

Absorption DM-electron scattering DM-Nucleus scattering Electronic recoil Electronic recoil Nuclear recoil

Hidden sector Dark Matter and others Standard WIMP

8B neutrinos (~ 6 GeV)

Reactor neutrinos (~ 2.7 GeV) EDELWEISS-SubGeV program

Not competitive with High Voltage Low Voltage High Voltage Low Voltage noble gases experiments single e/h Part. ID + Fid single e/h Part. ID + Fid

3 Courtesy of J. Billard J. Billard (IPNL) 2 The EDELWEISS setup

• LSM: Deepest site in Europe: 4800 m.w.e., 5 µ/m2/day • Clean room + deradonized air Radon monitoring down to few mBq/m3 • Acve muon veto (>98% coverage) on mobile shield • External (50 cm) + internal polyethylene shielding Thermal neutron monitoring with 3He detector • Lead shielding (20 cm, including 2 cm Roman lead) • Selecon of radiopure material Cryostat can host up to 40 kg detector at 18 mK

Performance of the EDELWEISS-III experiment for direct dark maer searches [JINST 12 (2017) P08010] 4 EDELWEISS-III detectors measuring heat & ionisation: surface event suppression:

Update on the EDELWEISS Dark Matter SearchFully InterDigitized ~870g HPGe detectors Bulk: charges collected by C1 and C2; V and V act as veto The EDELWEISS-III detectors Top=18mK 1 2 Surface: charges collected by either C1V1 or C2V2 Klaus Eitel on behalf of the EDELWEISS collaboration Heat: ΔT = E/Ccal C1:+4V V1:-1.5V Heat: ΔT = E/C heat 870 g Ge NTD EDELWEISS-III New result: ALP limits 2 GeNTD heat sensors Ge e- EDELWEISS-LT program electrodes: c New result: concentric Al rings Sub-GeV WIMP limit at surface ionization (2mm spacing) B covering all faces KIT – The ResearchIonizaon: University in the HelmholtzNpairs Association = E/εγ or εn www.kit.edu FID800 h+ S Operated at J Low Temp Phys (2014)176:182 Ø=70mm, h=40 mm NTD Phys.Lett.BT = 18 681 (2009)mK 305 C :-4V V :+1.5V Ionizaon: 2 2 7 29 August 2018 Klaus Eitel - Update on the EDELWEISS DM Search TeVPA 2018, Berlin • εγ = 3 eV/(e-hole pair) for electron recoils (γ,β)

• εn ~ 12 eV /(e-hole pair) for nuclear recoils (neutrons, WIMPs)

• εγ/εn = ionizaon quenching Q ➞ Eion = Q Erecoil in keVee Heat: • direct measurement of ALL the energy, irrespecve of parcle ID 5 EDELWEISS-SubGeV:The EDELWEISS ScientificSubGeV context programme

eV keV MeV GeV TeV

Absorption DM-electron scattering DM-Nucleus scattering Electronic recoil Electronic recoil Nuclear recoil

Hidden sector Dark Matter and others Standard WIMP

8B neutrinos (~ 6 GeV)

Reactor neutrinos (~ 2.7 GeV) EDELWEISS-SubGeV program

Not competitive with High Voltage Low Voltage High Voltage Low Voltage noble gases experiments single e/h Part. ID + Fid single e/h Part. ID + Fid

6 Courtesy of J. Billard J. Billard (IPNL) 2 EDELWEISS-SubGeV:Electron Scientific contextrecoil analysis: axion-like limits eV keV MeV GeV TeV Emission of axions/ALPs from the Sun PRD 98 082004 (2018) Absorption DM-electron scattering DM-Nucleus scattering Electronic recoil Electronic recoil Nuclear recoil

Hidden sector Dark Matter and others Standard WIMP

8B neutrinos (~ 6 GeV)

Reactor neutrinos (~ 2.7 GeV) Absorpon of EDELWEISS-SubGeVkeV-scale program Bosonic DM Not competitive with High Voltage Low Voltage High Voltage Low Voltage noble gases experiments • single Best Ge-e/h Part. ID based+ Fid limitsingle e/h < 6 Part. IDkeV + Fid (thanks to

J. Billard (IPNL) 2

surface rejecon) • Start to explore < 1 keV

• Surface rejecon (i.e. ionizaon resoluon) very important to reduce low-energy ER backgrounds • Improvements foreseen in the 100 eV – 1 keV region with improved ionizaon

(here: σ = 35 eVee with HEMT readout) 7 EDELWEISS-SubGeV: Scientific context

eV keV MeV GeV TeV

Absorption DM-electron scattering DM-Nucleus scattering EDELWEISS SubGeV program Electronic recoil Electronic recoil Nuclear recoil

Hidden sector Dark Matter and others Standard WIMP

8B neutrinos (~ 6 GeV)

Reactor neutrinos (~ 2.7 GeV) • Current+futureEDELWEISS-SubGeV program projects: background limited Not competitive with High Voltage Low Voltage High Voltage Low Voltage noble gases experiments single e/h Part. ID + Fid single e/h Part. ID + Fid

J. Billard (IPNL) 2 • Event-by-event rejecon even at 1 GeV/c2 and 10-43 cm2 requires a new generaon of detectors

• An event-by-event rejecon with ~1 kg.y requires σphonon = 10 eV and σion = 20 eVee n Keeping the ability to apply HV to EDELWEISS detectors is important to reduce thresholds in ER searches • For NR: depends a lot on quenching

n Reducing the detector from 860 to 33 g is worth it if the resoluon goals are met 8 EDELWEISS-SubGeV: Scientific context

eV keV MeV GeV TeV

Absorption DM-electron scattering DM-Nucleus scattering EDELWEISS SubGeV program Electronic recoil Electronic recoil Nuclear recoil

Hidden sector Dark Matter and others Standard WIMP

8B neutrinos (~ 6 GeV)

Reactor neutrinos (~ 2.7 GeV) • Current+futureEDELWEISS-SubGeV program projects: background limited Not competitive with High Voltage Low Voltage High Voltage Low Voltage noble gases experiments single e/h Part. ID + Fid single 3 main e/h Part. ID + Fid pillars to be reached by the EDELWEISS detectors J. Billard (IPNL) 2 • Event-by-event rejecon even at 1 GeV/c• Heat energy resoluon : 10 eV (RMS) 2 and 10-43 cm2 requires a new generaon of detectors • EM background rejecon (LV mode) > 103 : 20 eV • Operaon at high voltages (HV mode): 100V Two running modes • An event-by-event rejecon with ~1 Low Voltage: Parcle ID – ER/NR/ kg.yunknown requires backgrounds + fiducializaon σphonon = 10 eV and High Voltage: single e/h σion = 20 sensivityeVee thanks to the Neganov-Luke mode n Keeping the ability to apply HV to EDELWEISS detectors is important to reduce thresholds in ER searches • For NR: depends a lot on quenching

n Reducing the detector from 860 to 33 g is worth it if the resoluon goals are met 9 How to reach 10 eV phonon resoluon

• Intense above ground R&D on NTD sensor

• Development of a detailed thermal model for the heat channel to opmise the choice of the best configuraon

• Test of different glues

• Invesgaon of alternave sensors: NbSi TES

• Limited by FET current noise: replacing JFETs @ 100K with HEMTs @ 1K should provide addional x2 needed in resoluon

10 09/05/2019

From EDW-III to EDW-SubGeV program

Ø Excellent performance of surface + ER rejection via ionization

Ø Ionization resolution is key for rejection of backgrounds

Ø Heat resolution (and exposure) limited by cryogenic noise

2 Ø NR backgrounds: too large for searches with MWIMP > 10 GeV/c , not a problem for lighter masses

Ø Large heat-only background parametrized

• Progressing below 1 GeV/c2 and 10-43 cm2 àRequires a new generation of detectors with event-by-event rejection • Reaching 10-43 cm2 @ 1 GeV/c2 with discrimination

à Requires sphonon = 10 eV and sion = 20 eVee (assuming Lindhard Q)

08/05/2019 9

EDW Surface R&D: qR&D @ IPN-Lyon

Technological developments for both surface DM (EDW-Surf) & coherent EDELWEISS-Surf: an above-ground DM search elastic neutrino-nucleon scattering experiment (Ricochet) E. Olivieri • Easy-access surface lab @ IPN-Lyon

• Above ground lab : NIM al., et • <1 m overburden: ideal for SIMP search (strongly <1 m overburden interacng DM) A858 A858 (2017) 73 • Dry cryostat (CryoConcept• Dry) with <30h cool-down (fast cryostat (Cryoconcept) turnover ideal for detector R&D) RED20 (33g) • Vibration mitigation : ]

• Vibraon migaon: < µg/√Hz vibraon levels obtained in R.

suspended tower Maisonobe spring-suspended tower RED11 (200g) • RED20: 33.4 g Ge with NTD sensor, with no electrode • Ge detector mass = 33.4 g RED20 JINST al., et – No ER/NR discriminaon, but no uncertainty due to • Phonon sensor: GeNTD ionizaon yield or charge trapping GeNTD T08009 no.08, (2018) 13 • Low energy calibraon: • Low energy calibration: – 55Fe x-ray source for calibraon o Fe55 X-ray source – Ge neutron acvaon o Ge neutron activation • 55Fe Ge 33.4 g Small 0.03 kg.day exposure h=20mm Ø=20mm

08/05/2019 10 Phys. Rev. D 99, 082003 (2019) 11

COSSURF May, 2019 5 RED20 11 Single 33.4g Ge detector (20mm x 20mm) with neutron- transmutation-doped Ge (Ge-NTD) phonon sensor

Pulses, calibraon, resoluon and energy spectrum

• Opmal filter fit to pulses 200 eV pulse 26 0.65 • 24 0.6 Stability of noise & resoluon over 22 0.55

137h of data taking 20 0.5 Trigger rate [Hz] • 1 day set aside a priori for blind 18 0.45 16 0.4

search Baseline energy resolution [eV] Measured 14 0.35 • Baseline: σ = 17.8 eV Expected from OF theory 12 0.3 Calibration and Resolution 0 20 40 60 80 12100 120 Time [hour] [Credit: Julien Billard]

Bradley J Kavanagh (GRAPPA) Tiny, tough WIMPs with EDELWEISS-surf LHC Results Forum - 3rd June 2019

7 18 eV RMS energy10 resolutionData Noise induced triggers 6 6 10 10 Residual

105

0.4 4 105 10

Efficiency 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Event rate [evts/kg/keV/day)] 0.3 104

60 eV analysis 0.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 threshold Energy [keV] 12 Trigger and Livetime Calibrated with low energy X-rays from 55Fe + ∆χ2 cuts 0.1 + χ2 cut normal No ionisation read-out (only phonons) - Analysis threshold total deposited energy is collected, 0 allowing for a low threshold 10−1 1 60 eV energy threshold Energy [keV]

Bradley J Kavanagh (GRAPPA) Tiny, tough WIMPs with EDELWEISS-surf LHC Results Forum - 3rd June 2019 Filling the SubGeV region Stronger upper cutoff for Migdal

(subleading component) -24 10 CMB 10-25 10-26 XQC rocket -27 ] 2 10 EDELWEISS-surf Migdal DM – nucleus interacon 10-28 • First Ge-based limit below 1.2 10-29 10-30 GeV and best above-ground limit 10-31 10-32 CRESST – ν-cleus EDELWEISS-surf -33 EDELWEISS-Surf (Standard) down to 600 MeV (SIMPs) 10 EDELWEISS-Surf (Migdal) 10-34 EDELWEISS-III LT • Considering Migdal effect: first 10-35 CRESST Surface -36 CRESST-II + CRESST-III 10 SuperCDMS LT DM limit down to 45 MeV limited -37 10 CDMSLite 10-38 LUX (Standard) by Earth-Shielding effect -39 LUX (Migdal) 10 XENON1T (Standard) 10-40 XENON100 LT -41 NEWS-G 10 DarkSide (Standard) 2 WIMP-nucleon cross section [cm -42 Sharp 45 MeV/c cutoff 10 XQC 10-43 CMB due to ES effect on Neutrino discovery limit 10-44 velocity 10-45 10-2 2´10-2 10-1 2´10-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 WIMP Mass [GeV/c2] 13 10 eV with high impedence NbSi TES sensor

NbSi209 @ LSM NbSi TES: alternave sensor for the heat channel NbxSi1-x: amorphous compound 100mm thick, 20mm diameter x> 13% à superconductor spiral NbSi sensor Lithography Directly done by lithography on the crystal or on On a 200 g HP-Ge crystal (48 x sapphire/germanium chip 20 mm) High impedence – compable with standard JFET Goal: 10 eV RMS

330 nV/keV on A, 658 nV/keV on B Phonon: σA=183 eV, σB=125 eV Combined:

σ=113eV or 5eVee @ 66V

14 3 How to reach 20 eV ionizaon resoluon Goal #3: EM background rejection of O(10 ) Goal20 eV ionization#3: EM resolution: background HEMT preamplifiers rejection + new of electrode O(10 design3) • Transion from JFET to HEMT (as iniated by the 20 eV ionization resolution: HEMT preamplifiers + new electrode design CDMS-Berkeley group, arXiv:1611.09712) FET to HEMT FET to HEMT • Lower intrinsic noise than JFET Goal Goal • Reducon of the stray capacitance by working at 1K

• As initiated by the CDMS-Berkeley group (arXiv:1611.09712) or 4K • As initiated by the CDMS-Berkeley group (arXiv:1611.09712) we are transitioningwe are transitioning to HEMT to HEMTbased preamplifiers. based preamplifiers. • Thanks to a data driven HEMT model, the goal of 20 • HEMT •haveHEMT lower have intrinsic lower intrinsic noise than noise JFET than JFET • Work @• 4/1Work K @allowing 4/1 K allowing to reduce to thereduce stray the capacitance stray capacitance eVee is reachable with ~20 pF total input impedance • Based on our data driven HEMT model, O(10) eV rms • Based on our data driven HEMT model, O(10) eV rms reachable with ~20 pF total input impedance • Ongoing HEMT characterizaons reachable• HEMT with ~20 characterizations pF total input are impedance ongoing • HEMT •characterizationsFirst HEMT-based are preamp ongoing to be tested in winter 2019 ! • HEMT-based preamp tests foreseen by end of 2019 • First HEMT-based• Cryogenic andpreamp cold cablingto be tested challenges in winter ahead 2019 ! ! • Cryogenic• Synergie and cold with cabling the Ricochet-CryoCube challenges ahead collaboration! J. Billard (IPNL) 8 • Cryogenics + cabling challenges ahead • Synergie with the Ricochet-CryoCube collaboration J. Billard (IPNL) 8 Opmizaon of 38g FID design: large fiducial volume & low capacitance See A. Juillard – poster #373 15 How to reach 100V with Neganov-Luke boost

2.5 keV NR 0.6 keV NR

16 EDELWEISS-SubGeV: Scientific context eV keV MeV GeV TeV Goal #4: Operation at high voltage (~100 V) Absorption DM-electron scattering DM-Nucleus scattering High voltage operaon @ LSM Electronic recoil Electronic recoil Nuclear recoil

Hidden sector Dark Matter and others Standard WIMP High Voltage: Exploring DM-electron/nucleusExploring DM-electron/nucleus interacons with interactions with near single-electronnear single-electron sensivity sensitivity achieved 8B neutrinos (~ 6 GeV) in massive bolometers operatedachieved in massive bolometers operated underground @LSM Reactor underground neutrinos (~ 2.7 GeV) (low-background environment ~ 1 - 0.1 DRU). EDELWEISS-SubGeV program

Not competitive with High Voltage Low Voltage High Voltage Low Voltage noble gases experiments single e/h Part. ID + Fid single e/h Part. ID + Fid

J. Billard (IPNL) 2 neutrons) 5

10.4 keV neutron acvaon NbSi209 Preliminary source (2x10 10.4 keV RED30 Preliminary

66 Volt 70 Volt from 1.3 keV AmBe

s = 5 eVee 1.3 keV s = 1.8 eVee Ge

71 160 eV GBq DM 160 eV DM search search KLM 3.7 zone zone 17 First EDELWEISS DM-electron scattering and absorption results expected by fall 2019. J. Billard (IPNL) 10 Conclusions • There is an increasing interest in the low-mass dark maer region movated by lack of evidence of new physics at LHC (e.g. SUSY): à Beyond the standard WIMP Dark Maer scenario • EDELWEISS-SubGeV program aims at probing MeV-GeV parcles via ER and NR interacons with new detectors: – Reduce detector mass to improve resoluons & thresholds -> confirmed by EDELWEISS- Surf

– Parcle ID and surface event rejecon down to 50 eVNR (Low Voltage) – Single-e/h sensivity on massive bolometers (High Voltage) • Low-voltage R&D program focusing on front-end HEMT preamplifier and low-capacitance electrode design

à objecve: σ = 10 eV (phonon) + 20 eVee (ionizaon) à Goal is to reach to reach O(10-43) cm2 with background rejecon at 1 GeV, with 1 kg payload in one year at Modane • High-voltage R&D program, advancing well with near single-e/h sensivity achieved on 33.4 g and 200 g Ge crystals operated at Modane. • New EDELWEISS science results expected in fall 2019 – STAY TUNED 18 • BACKUP SLIDES

19 Spin-dependent cases • Unfortunately, 14N has both p and n spin: shielding from atmosphere • Large cross-secon → dramac ES effects (especially on Migdal limits)

• Blue dot-dashed: CRESST surface Li2MoO4 [arXiv:1902.07587] and underground CaWO4 [arXiv: 1904.00498] – SIMP contour calcs. underway

-23 -23 ) )

10 2 10 2 Si H Si 10-25 10-25 Li2MoO4 10-27 Ge+Migdal Si 10-27 Ge 10-29 Ge 10-29

10-31 10-31 Li2MoO4 -33 -33 10 10 EDELWEISS-Surf EDELWEISS-Surf CaWO4 Ge EDELWEISS-Surf Migdal RRS-Balloon -35 -35

10 RRS-Balloon SD WIMP-Proton Cross Section (cm 10 CMB SD WIMP-Neutron Cross Section (cm XQC CDMSLite -37 Ge -37 10 CDMSLite 10 LUX

LUX PandaX-II - - 10 39 PandaX-II 10 39 XENON1T XENON1T PICO-60-II 10-41 10-41 2´10-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 20 30 2´10-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 20 30 WIMP Mass (GeV/c 2) WIMP Mass (GeV/c 2)

June 21st, 2019 EDELWEISS @ SuperCMDS Science Meeng 2 Dolan et al, PRL 121, 101801 (2018) • Consider ionizaon effects of e- cloud due If the emitted electron comes from an inner orbital, the remaining ion will be in an excited state. To return to sudden boost of nucleus in DM DM DM DM to the ground state, further electronic energy will be re- 2 N leased in the form of photons or additional electrons. collision e- e- N e- N The total electronic energy deposited in the detector is Calculated in Ibe et al, JHEP 03 (2018) 194 hence approximately given by EEM = Ee + Enl,where Enl is the (positive) binding energy of the electron before emission. • Use M shell (n=3) only in Ge FIG. 1. Illustration of electron emission from nuclear re- Not yet observed, but calculable We integrate eq. (2) over the nuclear recoil energy and coils. If a DM particle scatters o↵ anucleus(panel1),we the DM velocity to calculate the energy spectrum, in- – K, L electrons too ghtly bound can assume that immediately after the collision the nucleus moves relative to the surroundingBackground Model electron cloud (panel 2). cluding only those combinations of ER, EEM and v that – n=4 affected by band structure Analysis Threshold (60 eV) 10The5 electrons eventually catch up with the nucleus, but indi- satisfy energy and momentum conservation. The result- Data ing calculation is identical to the case of inelastic DM [54], vidual electrons may be left behind and are emitted,2 29 leading2 Excluded WIMP model: 50 MeV/c ,9.0 10 cm ⇥ to ionisation of the recoiling atom (panel 3). 2 30 2 with the DM mass splitting m being replaced by the Excluded WIMP model: 100 MeV/c ,7.0 10 cm • Injecon of electronic energy in the sub- ⇥ 3 2 32 2 total electronic energy EEM. We find Excluded WIMP model: 1.0 GeV/c ,1.6 10 cm keV to keV range 104 ⇥ given by Migdal Spectra mN ER EEM vmin = 2 + . (5) – <1% probability s 2µ p2mN ER d2R ⇢ f(v) 2 3 nr N – Negligible for >10 GeV/c WIMPs 10 = 2 , (1) The maximum electronic and nuclear recoil energy for dER dv 2 µN mDM v – In RED20 (only heat): add energy from a given DM mass are given by where ⇢ denotes the local DM density, N the DM- 2 2 2 2 µ v µN v Number of counts [evts/keV] 1 N max max both NR and ER 10nucleus2 scattering cross section , mDM the DM mass, ER,max = ,EEM,max = . (6) mN 2 µN = mN mDM/(mN + mDM)theDM-nucleusreduced – Robust signal >100 eV even for DM 2 mass and f(v)= v f(v)d⌦ the DM speed distribu- For vmax 800 km/s, mDM mN (and hence µN 2 0.03 0.1 v 1 2 ⇡ ⌧ ⇡ masses <100 MeV/c tion in the laboratory frame [51]. We neglect nuclear mDM), we generically find EEM,max ER,max. For R Energy [keV] form factors since we are only interested in small momen- concreteness, for mDM =0.5 GeV and mN = 120 GeV tum transfers. The di↵erential event rate for a nuclear (the approximate xenon atom mass), we find ER,max ⇡ June 21st, 2019 EDELWEISS @ SuperCMDS Science Meengrecoil of energy ER to be accompanied by an ionisation 0.03 keV while EEM,max 1.8 keV. The electronic en- ⇡ electron with energy Ee is ergy is therefore much easier to detect than the nuclear recoil energy. 3 2 d Rion d Rnr 2 = Zion(ER,Ee) , (2) Sensitivity of liquid xenon detectors.— Having ob- dER dEe dv dER dv ⇥ | | tained the relevant formulae for the distribution of elec- where the transition rate is given by tronic and nuclear recoil energy at the interaction point where the DM-nucleus scattering occurs, we now convert c these energies into observables accessible for direct detec- 2 1 dpqe (nl Ee) Zion(ER,Ee) = ! . (3) tion experiments. The focus of this discussion will be on | | 2⇡ dEe Xnl liquid xenon detectors, but we note that the dominance In this expression n and l denote the initial quan- of the electronic energy EEM resulting from the Migdal tum numbers of the electron being emitted, q = e↵ect is not limited to xenon. These detectors convert e the atomic excitations and ionisations at the interaction me 2 ER/mN is the momentum of each electron in the rest frame of the nucleus immediately after the scatter- point into a primary (S1) and a secondary (S2) scintil- p c lation signal [55]. A specific detector can be character- ing process, and pqe (nl Ee) quantifies the probability ! ized by two functions: pdf(S1,S2 ER,EEM) quantifies the to emit an electron with final kinetic energy Ee. We can | c probability to obtain specific S1 and S2 values for given make the dependence of pqe (nl Ee) on qe explicit by writing ! ER and EEM; and ✏(S1,S2) quantifies the probability that a signal with given S1 and S2 will be detected and will

c qe c satisfy all selection cuts. Using these two functions, we p (nl Ee)= p (nl Ee) , (4) qe ! v m vref ! can write ✓ ref e ◆ d2R d2R where vref is a fixed reference velocity. The functions = ✏(S1,S2) dER dEEM c dS1 dS2 dER dEEM pvref (nl Ee) depend on the target material under con- Z sideration.! We use the functions from ref. [44], which pdf(S1,S2 ER,EEM) , (7) 3 ⇥ | have been calculated taking vref = 10 .

2 In contrast, the probability to obtain double ionisation from the Migdal e↵ect itself is exceedingly small [52, 53]. 1 We have absorbed the coherent enhancement factor into our def- 3 We neglect the di↵erence in mass between the original atom and inition of N . the recoiling excited state. EDELWEISS-SubGeV: LimitScientific context on Low-Mass WIMPs eV keV MeV GeV TeV

Absorption DM-electron scattering DM-Nucleus scattering Electronic recoil Electronic recoil Nuclear recoil

Hidden sector Dark Matter and others Standard WIMP

8B neutrinos (~ 6 GeV)

Reactor neutrinos (~ 2.7 GeV) EDELWEISS-SubGeV program

Not competitive with High Voltage Low Voltage High Voltage Low Voltage noble gases experiments single e/h Part. ID + Fid single e/h Part. ID + Fid

J. Billard (IPNL) 2

22