DOCSLIB.ORG

Itm2aexpands Evidence for Genetic and Environmental Interaction In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Itm2aexpands Evidence for Genetic and Environmental Interaction In CLINICAL RESEARCH ARTICLE ITM2A Expands Evidence for Genetic and Environmental Interaction in Graves Disease Pathogenesis Xiao-Ping Ye,1,2* Fei-Fei Yuan,1,2* Le-Le Zhang,2* Yu-Ru Ma,2 Man-Man Zhang,2 Wei Liu,2 Feng Sun,2 Jing Wu,2 Meng Lu,2 Li-Qiong Xue,2 Jing-Yi Shi,1 Shuang-Xia Zhao,2 Huai-Dong Song,1,2 Jun Liang3,4 and Cui-Xia Zheng,2 for The China Consortium for the Genetics of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/102/2/652/2972067 by guest on 27 September 2021 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; 2Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Department of Respiration and Endocrinology, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; 3Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221109, China; and 4Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221009, China Context: Graves disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disease triggered by genetic predisposition and environmental factors. However, the mechanisms of interaction between genetic and envi- ronmental factors contributing to the development of GD remain unknown. Objective: We aimed to identify GD susceptibility variants and genes on Xq21.1 locus and interpret the contribution of interaction between genetic predisposition on Xq21.1 and environmental factors to GD. Design: We performed refining study on Xq21.1 in a 2-stage study and carried out expression quantitative trait locus analysis of the best association signal with GD. Setting and Participants: A total of 4316 GD patients and 4374 sex-matched controls were collected from the Chinese Han population by cooperation with multiple hospitals. Results: We identified that rs3827440 or its linkage single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were probably the causal variant in the Xq21.1 locus, with the most substantial association with GD in our 2 combined cohorts (P = 2.45 3 10 15). The genotypes of rs3827440 were correlated with the ex- pression of ITM2A in monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers. Notably, the expression of ITM2A in monocytes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-g (INF-g) stimulation showed substantial difference among the volunteers that carried different genotypes of rs3827440 (P = 9.40 3 1027 and P = 1.26 3 1025 for 24 hours’ LPS and INF-g stimulation, respectively). Moreover, ITM2A expression was significantly decreased in PBMCs from untreated GD patients than that from controls. Conclusion: The results suggest that ITM2A might be a susceptibility gene for GD in the Xq21.1 locus, and environmental factors, such as viral and bacterial infections, probably contribute to GD pathogenesis by interacting with the risk SNP rs3827440 mediating the regulation of ITM2A expression. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102: 652–660, 2017) ISSN Print 0021-972X ISSN Online 1945-7197 *These authors contributed equally to this study. Printed in USA Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CT, cycle threshold; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; eQTL, Copyright © 2017 by the Endocrine Society expression quantitative trait locus; eSNP, expression SNP; GD, Graves disease; GWAS, Received 9 July 2016. Accepted 24 October 2016. genome-wide association study; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IFN, interferon; LPS, lipopoly- First Published Online 3 November 2016 saccharide; OR, odds ratio; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; TSHR, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor; Th, T-helper; YE, Yersinia enterocolitica. 652 press.endocrine.org/journal/jcem J Clin Endocrinol Metab, February 2017, 102(2):652–660 doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-2625 doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-2625 press.endocrine.org/journal/jcem 653 raves disease (GD) is a common and complex au- found many gene expressions and their responses to LPS Gtoimmune disease caused by interaction of genetic or IFN-g stimulation showed substantial difference factors and environmental triggers (1). The prevalence of among subjects carrying different SNP genotypes (cis- GD in the Chinese Han population is approximately expression quantitative trait locus [cis-eQTL] genes) (17). 0.25% to 1.0% with a strong female preponderance, The identification of functional regulatory variants and consistent with that of many other autoimmune diseases associated modulated genes is key to interpreting GWAS (2,3). However, the reason that GD is more prevalent findings and establishing how genes are associated with among women is unknown. A reasonable explanation disease (18). The levels of LPS and IFN-g are increased in is that genes located on the X-chromosome may be humans when infected by bacteria or viruses; therefore, contributed to the development of GD. Studies have those findings by Fairfax et al. laid the foundation for reported that the Xp11 region is associated with auto- our investigation into the role of interaction between Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/102/2/652/2972067 by guest on 27 September 2021 immune thyroid disease in the United Kingdom pop- genetic and environmental factors, such as infections, in ulation and that transcription levels of the forkhead the pathogenesis of GD. box P3 gene (FOXP3) in Xp11 are associated with In the current study, we performed refining study on susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease in the Cau- Xq21.1 in a large-scale sample of cohorts including 4316 casians but not in the Japanese and Chinese Han pop- GD patients and 4374 controls and identified rs3827440 215 ulations (4–6). (PCombined =2.453 10 ) was the best SNP associated In our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS), with GD on Xq21.1. Interestingly, the levels of ITM2A we confirmed 4 GD-associated loci previously reported and expression in monocytes after either LPS or IFN-g stimu- identified 2 susceptibility loci in the Chinese Han pop- lation showed substantial difference among the individuals ulation (7). Another extension of this study identified 5 GD who carried distinct genotypes of rs3827440. Moreover, risk loci (8). In the extension study, rs5912838, located the transcription levels of ITM2A in peripheral blood between the immune receptor G protein–coupled receptor mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were down-regulated in un- 174 gene (GPR174) and integral membrane protein 2A treated GD patients when compared with those of controls. gene (ITM2A), was identified as an important association These findings suggest that environmental triggers, such signal on Xq21.1 in the Chinese Han population. ITM2A, as infection, indicated by LPS or IFN-g stimulation, prob- but not GPR174, escaping X-chromosome inactivation, ably contribute to the development of GD by interacting was arbitrarily considered a susceptibility gene for GD (8). with risk variant rs3827440, mediating the regulation of Moreover, rs3827440, a nonsynonymous single nucleotide ITM2A expression. polymorphism (SNP) in GPR174 highly linked with rs5912838 on Xq21.1, has been identified associated with Materials and Methods GD in 2 independent studies. One was performed in a Caucasian population and the other was in another group Subjects and sample collection of the Chinese Han population (9,10); moreover, rs3827440 All subjects in the current study were from the Chinese Han was also found to be associated with autoimmune Addison population by cooperation with multiple hospitals in China disease in a UK cohort (11). Therefore, the Xq21.1 region (19). This program was approved by the local institutional review board. As previously reported, 1536 patients with GD was considered a susceptibility locus to GD, but the sus- and 1516 sex-matched controls were recruited in the initial ceptibility of SNPs or genes in this region is controversial. GWAS stage (7). Next, an additional 2874 GD patients and Infections by Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), hepatitis 2906 sex-matched controls were collected for the replication C virus (HCV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been study. Diagnosis of GD was based on the principles previously frequently cited as major environmental triggers of GD reported (7). Genomic DNA of all subjects was extracted from (12–16). However, many of the individuals infected by YE, peripheral blood leukocytes by using FUJIFILM QuickGene- 610 system (Kurabo Biomedical, Tokyo, Japan). HCV, or EBV were not suffering from GD; this may be explained by their interaction with different genetic pre- Genotyping and quality control dispositions. Although the interaction between genetic GWAS was performed by Illumina Human660-Quad Bead predisposition and environmental factors contributed to Chips in the Chinese National Human Genome Center the pathogenesis of GD, the evidence supporting the (Shanghai, China). We then obtained the imputed SNPs by hypothesis was scarce. performing imputation analysis on IMPUTE2 based on the Most recently, Fairfax et al. investigated correlation 1000 Genomes Project (June 2011) (20). All of the genotyped and imputed SNPs were filtered by stringent quality control. of SNP genotypes in the whole genome with the levels 2 SNPs with a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium P . 1 3 10 6 and of gene transcription in monocytes recruited from 432 missing call rates #0.05 and minor allele
Load more

Recommended publications
  • S41467-020-18249-3.Pdf
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18249-3 OPEN Pharmacologically reversible zonation-dependent endothelial cell transcriptomic changes with neurodegenerative disease associations in the aged brain Lei Zhao1,2,17, Zhongqi Li 1,2,17, Joaquim S. L. Vong2,3,17, Xinyi Chen1,2, Hei-Ming Lai1,2,4,5,6, Leo Y. C. Yan1,2, Junzhe Huang1,2, Samuel K. H. Sy1,2,7, Xiaoyu Tian 8, Yu Huang 8, Ho Yin Edwin Chan5,9, Hon-Cheong So6,8, ✉ ✉ Wai-Lung Ng 10, Yamei Tang11, Wei-Jye Lin12,13, Vincent C. T. Mok1,5,6,14,15 &HoKo 1,2,4,5,6,8,14,16 1234567890():,; The molecular signatures of cells in the brain have been revealed in unprecedented detail, yet the ageing-associated genome-wide expression changes that may contribute to neurovas- cular dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases remain elusive. Here, we report zonation- dependent transcriptomic changes in aged mouse brain endothelial cells (ECs), which pro- minently implicate altered immune/cytokine signaling in ECs of all vascular segments, and functional changes impacting the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and glucose/energy metabolism especially in capillary ECs (capECs). An overrepresentation of Alzheimer disease (AD) GWAS genes is evident among the human orthologs of the differentially expressed genes of aged capECs, while comparative analysis revealed a subset of concordantly downregulated, functionally important genes in human AD brains. Treatment with exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, strongly reverses aged mouse brain EC transcriptomic changes and BBB leakage, with associated attenuation of microglial priming. We thus revealed tran- scriptomic alterations underlying brain EC ageing that are complex yet pharmacologically reversible.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptional Regulatory Networks in Hepatitis C Virus-Induced
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Transcriptional Regulatory Networks in Hepatitis C Virus- induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Received: 5 April 2018 Marwa Zahra1, Hassan Azzazy1,2 & Ahmed Moustafa 1,3 Accepted: 4 September 2018 Understanding the transcriptional regulatory elements that infuence the progression of liver disease Published: xx xx xxxx in the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is critical for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Systems biology provides a roadmap by which these elements may be integrated. In this study, a previously published dataset of 124 microarray samples was analyzed in order to determine diferentially expressed genes across four tissue types/conditions (normal, cirrhosis, cirrhosis HCC, and HCC). Diferentially expressed genes were assessed for their functional clustering and those genes were annotated with their potential transcription factors and miRNAs. Transcriptional regulatory networks were constructed for each pairwise comparison between the 4 tissue types/ conditions. Based on our analysis, it is predicted that the disruption in the regulation of transcription factors such as AP-1, PPARγ, and NF-κB could contribute to the liver progression from cirrhosis to steatosis and eventually to HCC. Whereas the condition of the liver digresses, the downregulation of miRNAs’ (such as miR-27, Let-7, and miR-106a) expression makes the transition of the liver through each pathological stage more apparent. This preliminary data can be used to guide future experimental work. An understanding of the transcriptional regulatory attributes acts as a road map to help design interference strategies in order to target the key regulators of progression of HCV induced HCC. HCV is an epidemic afecting an estimated 160 million individuals worldwide1.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Human Bladder Cancer Through Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiling
    521-531 24/7/06 18:28 Page 521 ONCOLOGY REPORTS 16: 521-531, 2006 521 Identification of differentially expressed genes in human bladder cancer through genome-wide gene expression profiling KAZUMORI KAWAKAMI1,3, HIDEKI ENOKIDA1, TOKUSHI TACHIWADA1, TAKENARI GOTANDA1, KENGO TSUNEYOSHI1, HIROYUKI KUBO1, KENRYU NISHIYAMA1, MASAKI TAKIGUCHI2, MASAYUKI NAKAGAWA1 and NAOHIKO SEKI3 1Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520; Departments of 2Biochemistry and Genetics, and 3Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan Received February 15, 2006; Accepted April 27, 2006 Abstract. Large-scale gene expression profiling is an effective CKS2 gene not only as a potential biomarker for diagnosing, strategy for understanding the progression of bladder cancer but also for staging human BC. This is the first report (BC). The aim of this study was to identify genes that are demonstrating that CKS2 expression is strongly correlated expressed differently in the course of BC progression and to with the progression of human BC. establish new biomarkers for BC. Specimens from 21 patients with pathologically confirmed superficial (n=10) or Introduction invasive (n=11) BC and 4 normal bladder samples were studied; samples from 14 of the 21 BC samples were subjected Bladder cancer (BC) is among the 5 most common to microarray analysis. The validity of the microarray results malignancies worldwide, and the 2nd most common tumor of was verified by real-time RT-PCR. Of the 136 up-regulated the genitourinary tract and the 2nd most common cause of genes we detected, 21 were present in all 14 BCs examined death in patients with cancer of the urinary tract (1-7).
    [Show full text]
  • Mccartney, Karen M. (2015)
    THE ROLE OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA (PPARα) IN THE EFFECT OF PIROXICAM ON COLON CANCER KAREN MARIE McCARTNEY BSc. (Hons), MSc. Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2015 Abstract Studies with APCMin/+ mice and APCMin/+ PPARα-/- mice were undertaken to investigate whether polyp development in the mouse gut was mediated by PPARα. Additionally, the effect of piroxicam treatment dependency on PPARα was assessed. Results showed the number of polyps in the colon was significantly higher in APCMin/+ PPARα-/- mice than in APCMin/+ mice, whilst in the small bowel the difference was not significant. Analysis of gene expression in the colon with Affymetrix® microarrays demonstrated the largest source of variation was between tumour and normal tissue. Deletion of PPARα had little effect on gene expression in normal tissue but appeared to have more effect in tumour tissue. Ingenuity pathway analysis of these data showed the top biological processes were growth & proliferation and colorectal cancer. Collectively, these data may indicate that deletion of PPARα exacerbates the existing APCMin/+ mutation to promote tumorigenesis in the colon. 95 genes from Affymetrix® microarray data were selected for further analysis on Taqman® low density arrays. There was good correlation of expression levels between the two array types. Expression data of two genes proved particularly interesting; Onecut homeobox 2 (Onecut2) and Apolipoprotein B DNA dC dU - editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 3 (Apobec3). Onecut2 was highly up-regulated in tumour tissue. Apobec3 was up-regulated in APCMin/+ PPARα-/- mice only; suggesting expression was mediated via PPARα. There was a striking increase in survival accompanied by a marked reduction in small intestinal polyp numbers in mice of either genotype that received piroxicam.
    [Show full text]
  • 3916240.Pdf (998.5Kb)
    Chromosome X-Wide Association Study Identifies Loci for Fasting Insulin and Height and Evidence for Incomplete Dosage Compensation The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Tukiainen, T., M. Pirinen, A. Sarin, C. Ladenvall, J. Kettunen, T. Lehtimäki, M. Lokki, et al. 2014. “Chromosome X-Wide Association Study Identifies Loci for Fasting Insulin and Height and Evidence for Incomplete Dosage Compensation.” PLoS Genetics 10 (2): e1004127. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pgen.1004127. Published Version doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004127 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11879828 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Chromosome X-Wide Association Study Identifies Loci for Fasting Insulin and Height and Evidence for Incomplete Dosage Compensation Taru Tukiainen1,2,3, Matti Pirinen1, Antti-Pekka Sarin1,4, Claes Ladenvall5, Johannes Kettunen1,4, Terho Lehtima¨ki6, Marja-Liisa Lokki7, Markus Perola1,8,9, Juha Sinisalo10, Efthymia Vlachopoulou7, Johan G. Eriksson8,11,12,13,14, Leif Groop1,5, Antti Jula15, Marjo-Riitta Ja¨rvelin16,17,18,19,20, Olli T. Raitakari21,22, Veikko Salomaa8, Samuli Ripatti1,4,23,24* 1 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki,
    [Show full text]
  • Single Cell Analysis Reveals X Chromosome Upregulation Is Not
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.18.452817; this version posted July 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Single cell analysis reveals X chromosome upregulation is not global and 2 primarily belongs to ancestral genes in pre-gastrulation embryos 3 Naik C H, Chandel D, and Gayen S* 4 Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, 5 Bangalore-560012, India. 6 *Correspondence: [email protected] 7 8 Abstract 9 Recent studies have provided substantial evidence supporting Ohno's hypothesis that 10 upregulation of active X chromosome genes balances the dosage of X-linked gene expression 11 relative to autosomal genes. However, the dynamics of X-chromosome upregulation (XCU) 12 during early development remain poorly Pre-gastrulation embryos E6.50 13 understood. Here, we have profiled the E6.25 E5.5 14 dynamics of XCU in different lineages of 15 female pre-gastrulation mouse embryos at 16 single cell level through allele-specific single 17 cell RNA-seq analysis. We found dynamic 18 XCU upon initiation of random X- Epiblast cells 19 chromosome inactivation (XCI) in epiblast Onset of Random X-inactivation 20 cells and cells of extraembryonic lineages, 21 which undergo imprinted XCI, also harbored 22 upregulated active-X chromosome. On the 23 other hand, the extent of XCU remains 24 controversial till date.
    [Show full text]
  • Meta-Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Ankylosing Spondylitis Y.H
    Meta-analysis of differentially expressed genes in ankylosing spondylitis Y.H. Lee and G.G. Song Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Corresponding author: Y.H. Lee E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 14 (2): 5161-5170 (2015) Received August 11, 2014 Accepted January 19, 2015 Published May 18, 2015 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.May.18.6 ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes and biological processes associated with changes in gene expression in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We performed a meta- analysis using the integrative meta-analysis of expression data program on publicly available microarray AS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses and pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Four GEO datasets, including 31 patients with AS and 39 controls, were available for the meta-analysis. We identified 65 genes across the studies that were consistently DE in patients with AS vs controls (23 upregulated and 42 downregulated). The upregulated gene with the largest effect size (ES; -1.2628, P = 0.020951) was integral membrane protein 2A (ITM2A), which is expressed by CD4+ T cells and plays a role in activation of T cells. The downregulated gene with the largest ES (1.2299, P = 0.040075) was mitochondrial ribosomal protein S11 (MRPS11). The most significant GO enrichment was in the respiratory electron transport chain category (P = 1.67 x 10-9). Therefore, our meta- analysis identified genes that were consistently DE as well asbiological pathways associated with gene expression changes in AS.
    [Show full text]
  • Bone 113 (2018) 29–40
    Bone 113 (2018) 29–40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bone journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bone Full Length Article Transcriptional profiling of murine osteoblast differentiation based on RNA- T seq expression analyses Layal Abo Khayala,b, Johannes Grünhagena, Ivo Provazníkb,c, Stefan Mundlosa,d, Uwe Kornaka,d, ⁎ Peter N. Robinsona,e, Claus-Eric Otta,d, a Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic c International Clinical Research Center, Center of Biomedical Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic d Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany e The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Osteoblastic differentiation is a multistep process characterized by osteogenic induction of mesenchymal stem Bone cells cells, which then differentiate into proliferative pre-osteoblasts that produce copious amounts of extracellular RNAseq matrix, followed by stiffening of the extracellular matrix, and matrix mineralization by hydroxylapatite de- Non-coding RNA position. Although these processes have been well characterized biologically, a detailed transcriptional analysis Topological domains of murine primary calvaria osteoblast differentiation based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses has not Alternative splicing previously been reported. Here, we used RNA-seq to obtain expression values of 29,148 genes at four time points as murine primary calvaria osteoblasts differentiate in vitro until onset of mineralization was clearly detectable by microscopic inspection.
    [Show full text]
  • Itm2a Is a Pax3 Target Gene, Expressed at Sites of Skeletal
    Itm2a is a Pax3 target gene, expressed at sites of skeletal muscle formation in vivo Mounia Lagha, Alicia Mayeuf-Louchart, Ted Chang, Didier Montarras, Didier Rocancourt, Antoine Zalc, Jay Kormish, Kenneth Zaret, Margaret Buckingham, F. Relaix To cite this version: Mounia Lagha, Alicia Mayeuf-Louchart, Ted Chang, Didier Montarras, Didier Rocancourt, et al.. Itm2a is a Pax3 target gene, expressed at sites of skeletal muscle formation in vivo. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2013, 8 (5), pp.e63143. 10.1371/journal.pone.0063143. hal-02191622 HAL Id: hal-02191622 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02191622 Submitted on 25 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons CC0 - Public Domain Dedication| 4.0 International License Itm2a Is a Pax3 Target Gene, Expressed at Sites of Skeletal Muscle Formation In Vivo Mounia Lagha1¤a, Alicia Mayeuf-Louchart1, Ted Chang2,3,4, Didier Montarras1, Didier Rocancourt1, Antoine Zalc2,3,4, Jay Kormish5¤b, Kenneth S. Zaret5, Margaret E. Buckingham1*, Frederic Relaix2,3,4*
    [Show full text]
  • In Silico Analysis and Characterization of Differentially Expressed Genes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.05.438487; this version posted May 11, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. In Silico Analysis and Characterization of Differentially Expressed Genes to Distinguish Glioma Stem Cells from Normal Neural Stem Cells Urja Parekh*1,2, Mohit Mazumder2, Harpreet Kaur2, Elia Brodsky2 1Deparment of Biological Science, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, India 2 Pine Biotech, USA Emails of Authors: Urja Parekh: [email protected] Mohit Mazumder: [email protected] Harpreet Kaur: [email protected]; [email protected] Elia Brodsky: [email protected] *Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a heterogeneous, invasive primary brain tumor that develops chemoresistance post therapy. Theories regarding the aetiology of GBM focus on transformation of normal neural stem cells (NSCs) to a cancerous phenotype or tumorigenesis driven via glioma stem cells (GSCs). Comparative RNA-Seq analysis of GSCs and NSCs can provide a better understanding of the origin of GBM. Thus, in the current study, we performed various bioinformatics analyses on transcriptional profiles of a total 40 RNA-seq samples including 20 NSC and 20 GSC, that were obtained from the NCBI-SRA (SRP200400). First, differential gene expression (DGE) analysis using DESeq2 revealed 348 significantly differentially expressed genes between GSCs and NSCs (padj. value <0.05, log2fold change ≥ 3.0 (for GSCs) and ≤ -3.0 (for NSCs)) with 192 upregulated and 156 downregulated genes in GSCs in comparison to NSCs.
    [Show full text]
  • Can We Treat Congenital Blood Disorders by Transplantation Of
    Can we Treat Congenital Blood Disorders by Transplantation of Stem Cells, Gene Therapy to the Fetus? Panicos Shangaris University College London 2019 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Declaration I, Panicos Shangaris confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract Congenital diseases such as blood disorders are responsible for over a third of all pediatric hospital admissions. In utero transplantation (IUT) could cure affected fetuses but so far in humans, successful IUT has been limited to fetuses with severe immunologic defects, due to the maternal immune system and a functionally developed fetal immune system. I hypothesised that using autologous fetal cells could overcome the barriers to engraftment. Previous studies show that autologous haematopoietic progenitors can be easily derived from amniotic fluid (AF), and they can engraft long term into fetal sheep. In normal mice, I demonstrated that IUT of mouse AFSC results in successful haematopoietic engraftment in immune-competent mice. Congenic AFSCs appear to have a significant advantage over allogenic AFSCs. This was seen both by their end haematopoietic potential and the immune response of the host. Expansion of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) has been a complicated and demanding process. To achieve adequate numbers for autologous stem cells for IUT, HSCs need to be expanded efficiently. I expanded and compared AFSCs, fetal liver stem cells and bone marrow stem cells. Culturing and expanding fetal and adult stem cells in embryonic stem cell conditions maintained their haematopoietic potential.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2014/028569 Al 20 February 2014 (20.02.2014) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2014/028569 Al 20 February 2014 (20.02.2014) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agent: GUFFEY, Timothy B.; c/o THE PROCTER & C12Q 1/68 (2006.01) G06F 19/00 (201 1.01) GAMBLE COMPANY, Global Patent Services, 299 East 6th Street, Sycamore Building, 4th Floor, Cincinnati, Ohio (21) International Application Number: 45202 (US). PCT/US2013/054857 (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (22) International Filing Date: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, 14 August 2013 (14.08.2013) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (25) Filing Language: English BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (26) Publication Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (30) Priority Data: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 61/683,667 16 August 2012 (16.08.2012) US MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (71) Applicant: THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, [US/US]; One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, 45202 (US).
    [Show full text]