Impact of the Maker Movement
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Impact of the maker movement Developed by Deloitte Center for the Edge and Maker Media from the Maker Impact Summit Dec. 2013 I AM A MAKER with my own two hands I forge the future from my imagining my work, my sweat with these tools i can build worlds here i put wire and foam transistor and plastic rubber metal and wood together to make something new what does it do where will this take us new places new worlds all from my workshop Malcolm S. Hoover, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS A Future of Potential 4 Overview 7 Letters from Conveners 10 How to Read This Document 14 How might the Maker Movement have an impact on… 15 • Manufacturing 16 • Education 19 • Government and Public Policy 22 • Citizen Science 25 • Retail 28 What Happens Next? 30 Participants 32 Other Images from the Summit 38 A FUTURE OF POTENTIAL We are on the cusp of an opportunity to more fully We are in a correction of sorts. Driven by the goal of scale tap into our creative potential, driven by significant efficiencies and low costs, the supply chain has been technological innovation that is democratizing the means stretched to the far extremes, like a bungee cord, and now of production and enabling connections between resources it’s starting to come back as the underlying economics and markets. Realizing this opportunity will require change. Where will we end up? We’ve learned in the last re-thinking and redesigning all of our major institutions, 15 years that experimentation is the key to innovation. innovating the way we work, learn and consume. It will To experiment requires relaxing constraints and making require developing ecosystems that can more effectively it possible to fail, and the question remains whether our integrate distributed production by smaller entities with large institutions are ready to allow that. the scale and scope that can be provided by larger entities. We will for the first time be able to truly “race with the What follows are a set of provocative propositions, machine,” harnessing the power of the machine to unleash informed by our understanding of the deep structural shift and amplify our creative energies. More broadly, we will occurring today, about the future economic and social finally make learning a true lifetime journey, find new landscape shaped by the Maker Movement. We invite sources of meaning, and develop ways to connect more you to challenge these assertions and become part of the richly in physical space so that we all benefit and prosper conversation. from the new opportunities that are now available. 1. Collaborative production will define the What does this mean? Over the past decade and a half, future of work we’ve witnessed tremendous disruption across the The Maker Movement will emerge as the dominant economy at a speed that previously seemed impossible. It source of livelihood as individuals find ways to build all revolved around bits – digital was the edge, the frontier, small businesses around their creative activity and large we connected rapidly and globally through social media, companies increasingly automate their operations. and new business and institutional models evolved to fit Traditional employment may decline as work is organized the digital world. Now, the edge has become the core – primarily around projects rather than job titles, however the world is digitized. What we learned with software, small businesses, enabled by the technologies of web services, and apps about innovation, iteration and production and access (to funding, design, resources, collaboration is being applied back to the physical – bits to tools, and markets), will collaborate across a flexible atoms. Physical “making” is the new frontier. But this time, ecosystem and no longer require scale to be viable. Scale the atoms are supported by bits, enabled and enhanced by operations will continue to have a role, but will largely use technology that allows individuals everywhere to connect automated, robotic production rather than labor. A greater to the same resources and use the same tools. portion of the labor (and value creation) will reside in the customization/personalization component, including the transition of many “aftermarket” activities into pre-market, Signals: Collaborative production will define the future of work in response to changing consumer expectations. The • Over 70 Kickstarter-funded Makers, who collectively received 23 million shifting locus of value creation also reflects a broader dollars in pledges from over 138,000 individuals, present at the 2014 Bay definition of value creation that includes the exchange Area Maker Faire1 of ideas, learning and skills, as well as capital, in the • Shapeways announces over 13,500 online storefronts selling 3D designs in marketplace. 20132 • ETSY reports $1.35B in total merchandise sales in 2013 from over a million active shops3 • Rethink Robotics launches safe, capable, intelligent, and affordable industrial robot – Baxter – for $25,0004 • Foxconn deploys 20,000 robots as part of its plan to have over a million robots in its factories over the next few years5 4 proactively recommending to them the most relevant Signals: The Maker ecosystem will Maker products based on a detailed understanding of the disrupt today’s large enterprise context of each customer. • Factorli gets $10M in seed funding to create a 25,000 sqft industrial manufacturing space 3. Empowered demand drives supply, and in downtown Las Vegas aimed at start-ups Manufacturing and Retail follow the customer 6 needing production up to 10,000 units The Maker Movement will reshape the retailing world by • Manufacture New York announce 2014 helping to drive the growth of both online retail platforms opening of 160,000 sqft clothing design and and a resurgence of fragmented “Mom and Pop” retailing production center in Brooklyn, New York with in physical space. As consumption patterns change to potential to house 70 resident designers and reflect values, including the desire to participate rather than large related community7 be a passive marketing target, the “long-tail” of demand • GE partners with Local Motors to launch widens and drives supply decisions. Consumers also FirstBuild, an open platform to source begin to see themselves differently in a world of kits and collaborative ideas online from a community customization and personalization. A class of goods will of engineers, scientists, fabricators, designers emerge that is broader than just artisanal or craft where and enthusiasts to prototype, iterate and refine existing GE products, as well as build local/personalized production is valued and can be done and commercialize various new designs8 affordably at smaller scale. The proliferation of products • e-NABLE’s $50, community led, open and disaggregation of demand will paradoxically create sourced, 3D printed hand matches up against advantage both for online platforms that can overcome the $42,000 prosthetic9 limitation of scarce shelf space (even in big box retailers) • Facebook Buys Oculus VR, a crowd-funded as well as for specialized retailers who can help curate virtual reality gaming company, for $2 products to address specific niche needs and help foster Billion10 more intimate connections between local communities of Makers and the people buying their products. 2. The Maker ecosystem will disrupt today’s large enterprise Signals: Empowered demand drives supply, and Manufacturing Individuals and small businesses will come together, both in urban areas and in virtual communities, driven by a and Retail follow the customer desire to learn faster by working together. Within these • Radio Shack teams up with PCH International to create a retail pipeline for ecosystems, participants will combine and recombine as hardware startups11 necessary to exchange skills, capital or learning, creating • Martha Stewart curates over 1,100 small batch, artisanal items on her eBay a resilient and agile network structure that supports the site, “American Made”12 decentralization of some activities, including innovation • Consumer participation increases on niche, Maker-made e-commerce sites and some types of production, currently done within large like Etsy, Grand St, Grommet, and Shoplocket enterprises. R&D effectively moves out of the corporate • Major shoe brands from Nike to Converse and Jimmy Choo allow consumers environment into niche development by individual to create customized shoes innovators and eventually works back into the core • Over 70 craft beer brewing establishments apply for permits in San Diego in business. Platforms will allow these ecosystems to access 2014 the resources and tools that were historically available only to large enterprises, on a shared or rental basis. This opens up the potential for new types of business offerings, including the supply chains that will evolve around these ecosystems. Successful large enterprises will find ways to 1 https://www.kickstarter.com/events/makerfaire2014 2 http://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/2394-2013-shapeways-3d-printing-year-in-review.html provide scale- and scope-based services to these Maker 3 https://www.etsy.com/press?ref=ft_press ecosystems in the form of infrastructure services (e.g., 4 http://www.rethinkrobotics.com/products/baxter/how-baxter-is-different/ 5 http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9240728/20_000_robots_are_on_the_job_in_Foxconn_factories contract manufacturing and logistics) or platforms (e.g., 6 http://gigaom.com/2014/05/21/this-cloud-equipped-factory-wants-to-be-the-go-to-manufacturer-for-small-hardware- product platforms