THE I.D.LRY FISHERIES R1SEARCH gfi,D Of C/71ADA NANAIMO, C. C. FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No. 594 Parasite fauna of local stocks of some pelagic fishes of the Black Sea By V. M. Nilcolaeva TRANSLATION SERVICES CANADA INSTITUTE FOR S. NATIONAL T. I. RESEARCH COUNCIL OTTAVM' •ANADA' Original title: Parazitofauna lokalnykh'.stad nekotorykh pelagicheskikh ryb Chernogo moria. From: Trudy Sevastopolskoi Biologicheskoi Stantsii, Vol. 16, pp. 387-438, 1963. Translated by W. D. Pierce, Bureau for Translations, Foreign Languages Division, Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Fisheries Research Board of Canada Biological Station, Nanaimo, B. C. 1965 ERTMENT OF THE SECRETAVJF STATE D'ÉTAT BUREAU FOR TRANSLATIONS BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS FOREIGN LANGUAGES DIVISION DES LANGUES DIVISION ÉTRANGÈRES TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE INTO Russian English SUBJECT - SUJET Fish Parasites AUTHOR •-• AUTEUR V.M. Nikolaeva • TITLE! IN ENGLISH ••• TITRE ANGLAIS The Parasites of Local Stocks of Certain Pelagic Fish of the Black Sea. TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE - TITRE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE Parazitofauna lokarnykh stad nekotorykh pelagicheskikh ryb Chernôgo Morya REFERENCE RdFÉRENCE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION) .Publications of The Sevastopol Biological otation (Trudy Sevastopol'skoi Biologicheskoi Stantsii) PUBLISHER - ÉDITEUR Academy of Sciences, USSh. CITY •-• VILLE DATE PAGES 3 87...L3 8 Kiev 1963 (120 typed pages) REQUEST RECEIVED FROM;... -ir OUR NUMBER Paul Larose, Chief Translator. 7330 • REQUIS PAR NOTRE DOSSIER N° DEPARTMENT TRANSLAT'OR - MINIST ÉRE. Fisheries TRADUCTEUR I.: • ij Pierce DATE COMP LETED YOUR NUMBER 31 0 f-• 5 • • • -J/O VOTRE DOSSIER N° REMPLIE LE DATE RECEIVED 29 September, 1904. REÇU LE TRANSLATION SERVICES CANAPti IIISTITUTF FOR HÂTIONAL S. T. L nUE4IiCI-1 COUNCIL • . OTTAWA' . CANADA' SOS-ZOO-10.e 4 J Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R. Studies of the Sevastopol Biological Station, Vol. XVI, 1963. The Pai'asites of Local Stocks of Certain Pelazic Fish of the Black Sea By V.M. Nikolaeva. The question of whether or not ,local fish 1.211 * stocks exiàt is of both theoretical and practical importance. A knowledge of local fish stocks permits • correct estimates of the quantities of various species •in a given bo.dy of water and helps to determine favourable .fishing areas. The study of the parasites of local fish stocks is the basic problem of ecological parasitology. V.A. Dogelt and B.E. Bykhovskij initiated this type of study in 1939 when they-demonstrated differences in the parasites of Caspian Sea Sturgeon. Up to the present time, sub- - - stantial differences have been shown to exist among the parasites of local --tocks of navaga, goby, herring and floundee in the White Sea (Shultman and Shultman-Altbova, 1953) ) cod and Baltic herring in the Baltic Sea (Shultman, 1950), and Far Eastern pink salmon (Mamaev, Parukhin ) Baev,and * Numbers in the right margin indicate the corresponding pages in the original. • • • ■-••• 2/387 Oshmarin, 1959 and 1960). The most interesting research on the parasites of local fresh-water fish stocks has been that carried out by S.S. Shurman, Yu. N. Berenius and E.A. Zakharova (1959) at Lake Syamozero, in Karelia. In this small body of water, it was found that differences among the parasites of the local fish stocks stemmed from three factors: the varying biology of the hosts, the limited extent of their migration, and their adaptation to the shores of the lake. In salt-water bodies, there are many more such factors which are moreover closely interwoven with zoogeographical factors. Yu. I. Polyanskij (1958 a, b), in summarizing information on the parasites of local fish stocks, noted that differences among parasites could be expressed both in their varying species composition and.in the diverse - extent and intensity of their infestation. Among non-U.S.S.R. studies of interest is the attempt by Sherman and Wise in 1961 to use the incidence of the parasitic entomostracan Lernaeocera branchialis L. as an indicator of the cod population off the New England coast. Cod in northern regions (off the coast of North America) have been more severely infested with this ento- mostracan than those in southern regions. It must be noted, however, that parasitological data do not indicate whether local stocks of a given fish species represent isolated races* and forms ortemporary ecological groupings. * Translator's Note: "Race in this context signifies an hereditarily distinct form, not separated geographically from the type species. 3/387-388 Very little study has so far been made of Black Sea fish parasites from the ecological standpoint. The parasites of lo- cal Black Sea fish stocks have not been studied at all, although /338 the possible presence of local stocks of anchovy, scad and se- veral other fish has long been suggested in ichthyological lite- rature. In this paper the parasitological method will be used for establishing the differences among local stocks of Black Sea pelagic fish; including the anchovy, the sprat, and the scad. Studies of Parasites of the Anchovy Engraulls En_craSicholus Ponticus Alex, the - Sprat Snrattqs.___SPra:nu_5_Rha1Qxj.clksL (RisSo), and the Scad Trachurus The parasites of the Black Sea anchovy have been studied by several investigators in a number of regions. Linstow, in 1901, was the first to demonstrate that the anchovy was infested with parasites. In studying the helminth collection of the Zoo- logical:Museum of-the Academy of Sciences, he described a new species. of thorny7headed worm (acanthocephalan) Echinorhyncus exiguus, from the Black Sea anchovy (using Chernyavskij's collec- 'tions near:Yalta). - I.M.:Isajchikov'in 1927 dissected 99 anchovy specimens from the Kerch and Feodosiya regions.and found 17 to be infested. Of these, 14 were infested with trematodes and 7 with nematodes. The low infestation of anchovy as shown by Isajchikov is doubtful. Males and females of Contracaecum-mulli were noted among the nematodes. ; the species, however, was not described and was wrongly defined, • : • • ei•1, ■.■ 4/388 .•P.V. Vlasenko in 1931 dissected four anchovy specimens from the Karadag region, but discovered no parasites. In 1938 two studies by S.V. Pigulevskij were published in which two speciés of trematodes parasitic on the Black Sea anchovy off the Crimean coast were described: Lecithaster tauricus and Ovotrema pontica. V.N. Chulkova in 1939 investigated 15 spe- • cimens of anchovy from the Batumi region and showed that they were infested with both trematodes Lepocreadium sp. in their 1110 metacercaria in the swim bladder. - and by nematodes, including Contracaecum sp. larvae. B.E. Kurashvili and N.A. Tabidze in 1947 showed anchovy (9 specimens) in the same region to be in- fested with nematodes, including Porrocaecum aduncum and Porro- caecum sp.; they erred, however, in determining the generic name. T.P. Pogorelltseva (1952a) described some new Black Sea trematodes; among them were Aphanurus virgula from the intestines of the anchovy. In another study, T.P. Pogorel'tseva (1952b) no- ted that anchovy were 87.7% infested with parasites and indicated seven anchovy parasite species from the Novorossijsk region; among them were Stephanostomum larvae, which were observed for the first time, and the parasitic entomostracans Ergasilus nanus and Cymothoa punctata. A.V. Reshetnikova's dissertation of 1954 throws some light on the seasonal and age dynamics of parasites of certain commer- cial Black Sea fish, including the anchovy. She was the first to note an association between this species and the sporozoan Mitraspora caudata. Stephanostomum larvae, Hemiuridae sp., and • •••5 5/388 - 389 Cymothoa punctata are rarely found on the anchovy and attain only a low degree of infestation. Three species - Aphanurus stossichi, Ovotrema pontica, and Contracaecum aduncum larvae - are common ia for nchovy; their rate of infestation varies with the age of the fish and the season of the year. A.S. Chernyshenko, in the 'Gulf of Odessa in 1955, discovered that 80% of 50 anchovy specimens were infested with parasites, of which 10% were trematodes and 54%, nematodes. The species of the trematodes was not indicated, but the nematodes included Contracae- cum larvae. N.A. Butskaya in 1955 noted two helminth species - likphanurus stossichi and Contracaecum aduncum - on 30 anchovy spe- cimens from the area near the mouth of the Danube. Finally, N.M. Wirgaritov in 1960 noted Contracaecum larvae on anchovy off the /389 coast of Bulgaria. Thus, published information indicates that parasites on the Black Sea anchovy are represented by 11 species, shown below. Synonyms are given for some species; the species or genera names for some others have been altered. 1. Mitraspora caudata Kudo, 1919. 2. Stephanostomum sp. larvae. 3. Lepocreadium sp. Tschulkova, 1939, larvae _ 4. Aphanurus stossichi 1891) Looss, 1907, syn A. Virgula Looss, 1907 5. Bacciger bacciger (Rud., 1819) Nicoll, 1914, syn Ovotrema pontica Pigulewsky, 1938 6. Lecithaster tauricus Pigulewskv, 1938 7. Hemiuridae sp. • 8. Contracaecum (E.) aduncum (Rud., 1802) Baylis, 1902 larvae ...6 • • • . ' • 6/389 . , 9. Telosentis exiguus (Linstow, 1901), syn. Echinorhynchus exiguus Linstow, 1901 • • - 10. Cymothoa punctata Uljahin, 1871 11. presilus nanus Beneden, 1870 ... - Far less parasitological research has been carried out D1 the Black Sea sprat than.on the anchovy. The first infor-. mation on the Black Sea-Sprat - is In a"stüdy -by V.N. Chulkova,' who in 1939 examined 15. sprat specimens and discovered in them . • • . two species of parasite. Chulkova was the first to describe a. - sexually immature form of trematode infestating 93% of sprat; her opinion, this was Didymozoon larvae. In addition,-Con- : tracaecumlarvae were observed in the body cavities of 61% of : sprat. T.P. Pogorertseva (1952b), in examining 7 sprat from . the Kerch and Karadag regions, noted Contracaecum aduncum on - - two of them and a low degree of infestation - 3 specimens each4 with Contracaecum larvae on the five remaining sprat.