Forschungsbericht 2020

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Forschungsbericht 2020 Forschungsbericht 2020 Medizinische Fakult¨at MEDIZINISCHE FAKULTÄT Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg Tel. 49 (0)391 67 157 50, Fax 49 (0)391 67 157 49 1. LEITUNG Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Daniela C. Dieterich (Dekanin und Vorstandsvorsitzende) Prof. Dr. med. M. Pech (Prodekan fur¨ Struktur) Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Frodl (Studiendekan) Prof. Dr. med. Th. Tuting¨ (Prodekan fur¨ Forschung) Prof. Dr. med. R. Croner (Prodekan fur¨ Klinische Angelegenheiten) 2. INSTITUTE Institut fur¨ Anatomie Institut fur¨ Physiologie Institut fur¨ Medizinische Psychologie Institut fur¨ Biochemie und Zellbiologie Institut fur¨ Inflammation und Neurodegeneration Institut fur¨ Molekularbiologie und Medizinische Chemie Institut fur¨ Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Institut fur¨ Klinische Pharmakologie Institut fur¨ Sozialmedizin und Gesundheits¨okonomie Lehrbereich Geschichte, Ethik und Theorie der Medizin Institut fur¨ Allgemeinmedizin Institut fur¨ Biometrie und Medizinische Informatik Bereich Arbeitsmedizin Institut fur¨ Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie Bereich Klinische Chemie Bereich Pathologische Biochemie Institut fur¨ Pathologie Institut fur¨ Neuropathologie Rechtsmedizin Institut fur¨ Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene Institut fur¨ Molekulare und Klinische Immunologie Institut fur¨ Transfusionsmedizin und Immunh¨amatologie mit Blutbank Institut fur¨ Humangenetik Institut fur¨ Kognitive Neurologie und Demenzforschung Institut fur¨ Experimentelle Innere Medizin Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Neuroradiologie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Allgemein-, Viszeral- , Gef¨aß- und Transplantationschirurgie Bereich Gef¨aßchirurgie Bereich Kinderchirurgie und Kindertraumatologie Molekulare und Experimentelle Chirurgie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Unfallchirurgie 2 Forschungsbericht 2020: Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Medizinische Fakultät Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Neurochirurgie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Stereotaktische Neurochirurgie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Plastische, Asthetische¨ und Handchirurgie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Kardiologie und Angiologie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Pneumologie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten, Diabetologie und Endokrinologie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ H¨amatologie und Onkologie Universit¨atskinderklinik Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Neurologie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Strahlentherapie Orthop¨adische Universit¨atsklinik Universit¨atsaugenklinik Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Urologie und Kinderurologie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Kopft- und Halschirurgie Abteilung fur¨ Experimentelle Audiologie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktionsmedizin Universit¨atshautklinik Universit¨atsklinik fur¨ An¨asthesiologie und Intensivtherapie Fehlbildungsmonitoring Sachsen-Anhalt Translationale Entzundungsforschung¨ 3. FORSCHUNGSPROFIL Die Universit¨atsmedizin ist ein integraler und fur¨ die Forschung wichtiger Teil der Otto-von-Guericke-Universit¨at Magdeburg. Sie unterh¨alt die beiden national und international sichtbaren und anerkannten Forschungsschwer- punkte • Immunologie einschließlich Molekulare Medizin der Entz¨undungund • Neurowissenschaften. Sowohl die Neuro- als auch die Immunwissenschaften haben in kontinuierlicher Folge international sichtbare Sonderforschungsbereiche und andere Gruppenf¨ordermittel eingeworben und verfugen¨ durch das Deutsche Zentrum fur¨ Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) und das Leibniz-Institut fur¨ Neurobiologie (LIN) uber¨ Standorte der außeruniversit¨aren Spitzenforschung. Wissenschaftler*innen der beiden Forschungsschwerpunkte besch¨aftigen sich in enger Kooperation mit der Frage, wich sich Immun- und Zentralnervensystem im gesunden Menschen, aber auch in Krankheitssitua- tionen, beispielsweise bei Depression oder immunologischen Erkrankungen, gegenseitig beeinflussen. Dies stellt einen universit¨atsweiten Schwerpunkt dar. Beide Forschungsschwerpunkte beteiligen sich maßgeblich an der mit Mitteln aus dem Europ¨aischen Sozialfond (ESF) gef¨orderten Graduiertenschule ABINEP und er¨offnen damit weitere M¨oglichkeiten der transnationalen Forschung. 21 Promotionsstudierende aus dem Ausland forschen hier in vier Modulen, die die Forschungsschwerpunkte Immunologie und Neurowissenschaften miteinander verknupfen.¨ Im Jahr 2019 verausgabte die Medizinische Fakult¨at circa 24 Mio. Euro an Drittmitteln, womit das Ergebnis des Vorjahres wieder gesteigert werden konnte. Eine großzugige¨ Ger¨atausstattung, fakult¨atseigene 3 Forschungsbericht 2020: Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Medizinische Fakultät Serviceeinheiten und ein modernes Tierversuchslabor erlauben es der Medizinischen Fakult¨at, Forschung auf inter- nationalen Spitzenniveau zu betreiben. Seit 2017 sind die Medizinische Fakult¨at und das Universit¨atsklinikum der OVGU Partner des MIRACUM (Medical Informatics for Research and Care in University Medicine) Konsortiums, das aus zehn Universit¨aten, zwei Fachhochschulen und einem Industriepartner, lokalisiert in sieben Bundesl¨andern, besteht und vom BMBF bis 2020 mit insgesamt 37 Mio. Euro gef¨ordert wird, davon entfallen 3,3 Mio Euro auf den Standort Magdeburg. Ziel des Konsortiums ist es, die Vorteile der Digitalisierung in der Medizin zu nutzen um innovative IT-L¨osungen fur¨ ein besseres datenbasiertes Gesundheitssystem zu entwickeln und anzuwenden. Forschungsschwerpunkt Immunologie einschließlich Molekulare Medizin der Entz¨undung Die immunologische Forschung und die molekulare Entzundungsmedizin¨ haben an der Medizinischen Fakult¨at eine sehr lange Tradition. Im Zentrum der immunologischen Grundlagenforschung am Medizincampus steht die Identifikation von Molekulen¨ und Signalwegen, die schutzende¨ oder sch¨adigende Immunantworten ausl¨osen und unterhalten. Die Translation der Erkenntnisse aus der immunologischen Grundlagenforschung in die klinische Anwendung, z.B. die gezielte Beeinflussung von Signalmolekulen¨ oder Signalwegen, ist international ein wissenschaftlicher Brennpunkt und hat in den letzten Jahren fur¨ medizinische Durchbruche¨ gesorgt. Herausragende Beispiele fur¨ die immunologische Forschung ”from bench to beside” sind die neuen Immuntherapien, die bei verschiedenen Krebserkrankungen mit gr¨oßtem Erfolg eingesetzt werden. An vielen Volkskrankheiten sind akute und chronische Entzundungsreaktionen¨ urs¨achlich beteiligt. Dies betrifft auch und in besonderen Maßen chronische Erkrankungen, die vermehrt in der alternden Gesellschaft auftreten, weshalb der immunologische Forschungsschwerpunkt auch zentral in das Landesprogramm ”Autonomie im Alter” eingebunden ist. In 2014 hat die Medizinische Fakult¨at die Forschungsaktivit¨aten des immunologischen Schwerpunktes unter einem Dach zusammengefuhrt¨ und den Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflam- mation (GC-I3) als Profilbereich der Fakult¨at gegrundet.¨ Unter dem Leitmotiv ”Entzundungen¨ verstehen - Volkskrankheiten heilen” verfolgt der GC-I3 das Ziel, eine zukunftsweisende, patientennahe, klinische Krankenversorgung auf der Grundlage exzellenter klinisch-wissenschaftlicher Ausbildung und transnationaler Forschung zu gew¨ahrleisten. Im Mittelpunkt der Forschung des GC-I3 stehen die Themen: • Molekulare Mechanismen der Aktivierung und Differenzierung h¨amatopoetischer und inflammatorischer Zellen • Molekulare Grundlagen akuter und chronischer Entzundungen¨ • Organspezifische Immunreaktionen • Anwendung hochaufl¨osender bildgebender Verfahren im zellul¨aren und subzellul¨aren Maßstab zur Visual- isierung immunologischer und entzundlicher¨ Prozesse • Translation experimenteller Forschungsergebnisse in der klinischen Versorgung von Patienten mit Volk- skrankheiten Tragende S¨aulen dieser Forschung sind: • der DFG-Sonderforschungsbereich 854 (SFB 854) ”Molekulare Organisation der zellul¨aren Kommu- nikation im Immunsystem” (Sprecherschaft: Medizinische Fakult¨at, 1. F¨orderperiode 2010-2013, 2. F¨orderperiode 2014-2017, 3. F¨orderperiode 2018-2021) • das Else Kr¨oner-Forschungskolleg Magdeburg ”Die Bedeutung des inflammatorischen Mikromilieus fur¨ die Krebsentstehung”, in dem junge Arzte*innen¨ zu ”Clinical Scientists” ausgebildet werden (2. F¨orderperiode 2018-2021) • das DFG-Graduiertenkolleg 2408 (GRK 2408) ”Maladaptive Prozesse an physiologischen Grenzfl¨achen bei chronischen Erkrankungen” (1. F¨orderperiode 2018-2023) Forschungsschwerpunkt Neurowissenschaften: Die neurowissenschaftliche Forschung geh¨ort traditionell zu den profilbestimmenden Forschungsschwerpunkten. Mit dem Forschungsschwerpunkt im Bereich der Entschlusselung¨ der neurobiologischen Grundlagen von Lernen und Ged¨achtnis auf allen Organisationsebenen des menschlichen Gehirns sowie dem Verst¨andnis der Mechanismen von Demenz, Morbus Parkinson bis hin zu Depressionen und Schizophrenie schafft der neurowissenschaftliche Schwerpunkt die Grundlage fur¨ die Entwicklung innovativer und nachhaltiger Therapiekonzepte. Er geht damit auf die gegenw¨artige demographische Entwicklung in Sachsen-Anhalt ein und verfugt¨ uber¨ ein breites disziplin-ubergreifendes¨ Potential, um dieser dringenden gesellschaftlichen Relevanz 4 Forschungsbericht 2020: Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Medizinische Fakultät zu entsprechen.
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