City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works School of Arts & Sciences Theses Hunter College Spring 5-15-2020 Sacred Blood and Burning Coal: The Garnet Carbuncle in Early Medieval Europe Sinead L. Murphy CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/591 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact:
[email protected] Sacred Blood and Burning Coal: The Garnet Carbuncle in Early Medieval Europe by Sinead Murphy Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Art History, Hunter College The City University of New York Spring 2020 May 15th, 2020 Cynthia Hahn Date Thesis Sponsor May 15th, 2020 Maria Loh Date Second Reader i Table of Contents List of Illustrations ii Introduction: Garnets in the Merovingian Period…………………………………………………1 Chapter 1: Garnet in Classical and Early Medieval Texts……………………………………….11 I. Carbuncle and Anthrax in Classical and Early Medieval Lapidaries II. Carbuncle in Scripture and Christian Lapidaries III. Pagan Influence on the Christian Symbolism of Garnets Chapter 2: Garnets in Everyday Life…………………………………………………………….34 I. Garnet Jewelry in Frankish Costume II. Garnet Ecclesiastical Objects Chapter 3: The Role of Garnets in Christian Funerary Ritual…………………………………...49 I. Prayers for the Dead II. Grave Goods and Dressed Burials III. Metaphorical Representations of Carbuncle Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….59 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..60 Illustrations………………………………………………………………………………………64 i List of Illustrations Fig. 1: Pair of quatrefoil mounts, Early Byzantine, 2nd half of 5th century.