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REVIEW ARTICLE the NASA Spitzer Space Telescope
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 78, 011302 ͑2007͒ REVIEW ARTICLE The NASA Spitzer Space Telescope ͒ R. D. Gehrza Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 ͒ T. L. Roelligb NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000 ͒ M. W. Wernerc Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 264-767, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109 ͒ G. G. Faziod Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 ͒ J. R. Houcke Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6801 ͒ F. J. Lowf Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721 ͒ G. H. Riekeg Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721 ͒ ͒ B. T. Soiferh and D. A. Levinei Spitzer Science Center, MC 220-6, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125 ͒ E. A. Romanaj Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 264-767, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109 ͑Received 2 June 2006; accepted 17 September 2006; published online 30 January 2007͒ The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Spitzer Space Telescope ͑formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility͒ is the fourth and final facility in the Great Observatories Program, joining Hubble Space Telescope ͑1990͒, the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory ͑1991–2000͒, and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory ͑1999͒. Spitzer, with a sensitivity that is almost three orders of magnitude greater than that of any previous ground-based and space-based infrared observatory, is expected to revolutionize our understanding of the creation of the universe, the formation and evolution of primitive galaxies, the origin of stars and planets, and the chemical evolution of the universe. -
Making the Invisible Visible: a History of the Spitzer Infrared Telescope Facility (1971–2003)/ by Renee M
MAKING THE INVISIBLE A History of the Spitzer Infrared Telescope Facility (1971–2003) MONOGRAPHS IN AEROSPACE HISTORY, NO. 47 Renee M. Rottner MAKING THE INVISIBLE VISIBLE A History of the Spitzer Infrared Telescope Facility (1971–2003) MONOGRAPHS IN AEROSPACE HISTORY, NO. 47 Renee M. Rottner National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Communications NASA History Division Washington, DC 20546 NASA SP-2017-4547 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Rottner, Renee M., 1967– Title: Making the invisible visible: a history of the Spitzer Infrared Telescope Facility (1971–2003)/ by Renee M. Rottner. Other titles: History of the Spitzer Infrared Telescope Facility (1971–2003) Description: | Series: Monographs in aerospace history; #47 | Series: NASA SP; 2017-4547 | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2012013847 Subjects: LCSH: Spitzer Space Telescope (Spacecraft) | Infrared astronomy. | Orbiting astronomical observatories. | Space telescopes. Classification: LCC QB470 .R68 2012 | DDC 522/.2919—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2012013847 ON THE COVER Front: Giant star Zeta Ophiuchi and its effects on the surrounding dust clouds Back (top left to bottom right): Orion, the Whirlpool Galaxy, galaxy NGC 1292, RCW 49 nebula, the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, “yellow balls” in the W33 Star forming region, Helix Nebula, spiral galaxy NGC 2841 This publication is available as a free download at http://www.nasa.gov/ebooks. ISBN 9781626830363 90000 > 9 781626 830363 Contents v Acknowledgments -
Of 84 VITA and BIBLIOGRAPHY GIOVANNI G. FAZIO I. ADDRESS
VITA AND BIBLIOGRAPHY GIOVANNI G. FAZIO I. ADDRESS Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian MS 65 60 Garden Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Phone: 617-495-7458 Fax: 617-495-7490 E-mail: [email protected] URL: https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~gfazio II. EDUCATION St. Mary's University (Texas), B.S., Physics (1954); Summa Cum Laude St. Mary's University (Texas), B.A., Chemistry (1954); Summa Cum Laude Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ph.D., Physics (1959) III. EMPLOYMENT HISTORY Current Positions: 1983- Senior Physicist, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 1987- Faculty, International Space University, Strasbourg, France 1962-02, 2004- Lecturer, Astronomy Department, Harvard University Previous Positions: 1954-56 Teaching Assistant, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1955-56 Physicist, Nucleonics Division, Naval Research Laboratory 1956-59 Research Assistant, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1959-61 Research Associate and Instructor, University of Rochester 1961-62 Assistant Professor of Physics, University of Rochester 1961-62 Guest Associate Physicist, Brookhaven National Laboratory 1997 Research Associate, Harvard College Observatory 1962-83 Physicist, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 1987-93 Chair and Co-Chair, Space Physical Sciences Department, International Space University 1993 Dean, International Space University, Summer Session IV. FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS 1968 NATO Senior Fellowship in Science (U.K. Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, England) 1970 NATO Senior Fellowship in Science (U.K.A.E.R.E., -
First Fruits of the Spitzer Space Telescope: Galactic and Solar System Studies
1 First Fruits of the Spitzer Space Telescope: Galactic and Solar System Studies Michael Werner,1 Giovanni Fazio,2 George Rieke,3 Thomas L. Roellig,4 and 5 Dan M. Watson 1Astronomy and Physics Directorate, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; email: [email protected] 2Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; email: [email protected] 3Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721; email: [email protected] 4Astrophysics Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; email: [email protected] 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627; email: [email protected] Key Words brown dwarfs, circumstellar disks, exoplanets, infrared astronomy, planetary system formation, space technology, star formation, stellar evolution ■ Abstract The Spitzer Space Telescope, launched in August 2003, is the infrared member of NASA’s Great Observatory family. Spitzer combines the intrinsic sensitivity of a cryogenic telescope in space with the imaging and spectroscopic power of modern infrared detector arrays. This review covers early results from Spitzer that have produced major advances in our understanding of our own solar system and phenomena within the Galaxy. Spitzer has made the first detection of light from extrasolar planets, characterized planet-forming and planetary debris disks around solar-type stars, showed that substellar objects with masses smaller than 10 MJup form through the same processes as do solar-mass stars, and studied in detail the composition of cometary ejecta in our Solar System. Spitzer’s major technical advances will pave the way for yet more powerful future instruments. -
The Spitzer Space Telescope: Exploring the Infrared Universe
The Spitzer Space Telescope: Exploring the Infrared Universe Dr Giovanni Fazio CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Harvard-Smithsonian CfA THE SPITZER SPACE TELESCOPE: EXPLORING THE INFRARED UNIVERSE From 2003 until 2020, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope provided an unprecedented view of our universe in infrared. One of the most important instruments aboard the telescope was the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC), which was designed and operated by a team led by Dr Giovanni Fazio at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. Across its 16-year run, the camera gave crucial insights into processes ranging from galaxy formation in the ancient universe, to emissions from supermassive black holes. The discoveries enabled by Dr Fazio and his colleagues could soon be instrumental in aiding observations from even more advanced telescopes. CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/STScI Infrared Radiation Launching the Spitzer Space Telescope Every part of the electromagnetic spectrum – from radio waves to visible In 2003, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope light to x-rays – can tell astronomers was launched from Cape Canaveral in something different about our universe. Florida, and sent into orbit around the However, perhaps the most interesting Sun – trailing slightly behind the Earth part to study is the infrared range. but gradually drifting away from it. From this prime position, the telescope Lying next to the visible part of the could easily study infrared radiation spectrum, infrared waves have longer originating from sources many billions wavelengths than red light. Although of lightyears away, completely free from they cannot be seen with human eyes, the influence of Earth’s atmosphere. they can often be observed using optical telescopes. -
Departmental Records, 1957-1979 and Undated
Departmental Records, 1957-1979 and undated Finding aid prepared by Smithsonian Institution Archives Smithsonian Institution Archives Washington, D.C. Contact us at [email protected] Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Descriptive Entry.............................................................................................................. 1 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 1 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 2 Departmental Records https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_arc_255344 Collection Overview Repository: Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, D.C., [email protected] Title: Departmental Records Identifier: Accession 85-215 Date: 1957-1979 and undated Extent: 3.5 cu. ft. (3 record storage boxes) (1 document box) Creator:: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Optical and Infrared Astronomy Division Language: English Administrative Information Prefered Citation Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accession 85-215, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Optical and Infrared Astronomy Division, Departmental Records Descriptive Entry This accession consists of correspondence, memoranda, budget records, manuscripts,