DOCSLIB.ORG

ASNE “A Vision of Directed Energy Weapons in the Future”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ASNE “A Vision of Directed Energy Weapons in the Future” A Vision for Directed Energy and Electric Weapons In the Current and Future Navy Captain David H. Kiel, USN Commander Michael Ziv, USN Commander Frederick Marcell USN (Ret) Introduction In this paper, we present an overview of potential Surface Navy Directed Energy and Electric Weapon (DE&EW) technologies being specifically developed to take advantage of the US Navy’s “All Electric Warship”. An all electric warship armed with such weapons will have a new toolset and sufficient flexibility to meet combat scenarios ranging from defeating near-peer competitors, to countering new disruptive technologies and countering asymmetric threats. This flexibility derives from the inherently deep magazines and simple, short logistics tails, scalable effects, minimal amounts of explosives carried aboard and low life cycle and per-shot costs. All DE&EW weaponry discussed herein could become integral to naval systems in the period between 2010 and 2025. Adversaries Identified in the National Military Strategy The 2004 National Military Strategy identifies an array of potential adversaries capable of threatening the United States using methods beyond traditional military capabilities. While naval forces must retain their current advantage in traditional capabilities, the future national security environment is postulated to contain new challenges characterized as disruptive, irregular and catastrophic. To meet these challenges a broad array of new military capabilities will require continuous improvement to maintain US dominance. The disruptive challenge implies the development by an adversary of a breakthrough technology that supplants a US advantage. An irregular challenge includes a variety of unconventional methods such as terrorism and insurgency that challenge dominant US conventional power. A catastrophic challenge couples unconventional actors or rogue states with weapons of mass destruction (WMD) or WMD-like effects that would be employed against the US or its allies. The war on terrorism encompasses both the irregular and catastrophic categories. The Department of Defense (DOD) Joint Operations Concept, in accordance with the National Security Strategy, the Quadrennial Defense Strategy and the Transformational Planning Guidance (TPG) describes planning for Joint Force operations over the next 15 to 20 years in terms of creating and sustaining pressure and attacking enemies with lethal and non-lethal means. It enumerates the strategic pillars of force transformation namely, strengthening joint operations, exploiting intelligence advantages, experimenting with new concepts and developing transformational capabilities. Unique and tailor-able effects offered by various DE&EW can provide the operational flexibility that makes these technologies suitable to the expanded set of national security challenges. Directed energy weapon systems offer a viable means to meet the defensive capabilities criteria established for the Navy through 2025 in the TPG. These systems span an array of capabilities employing lasers as weapons and sensors, and the electro-magnetic rail gun (EMRG). Deterrent high power microwave weapons will not be discussed in this paper. Integrated Power Systems (IPS) – A Key Enabler for Electric and Directed Energy Weapons Systems Traditional US naval vessels have dedicated and separate prime movers to drive shipboard propulsion and electrical service loads. On a typical warship, nearly 50% of the installed shipboard propulsive power (on the order of 40 MW) is only used to power the ship through the final 5 knots to a ship’s maximum flank bell. Based on a typical operational profile, a ship will only use this power less than 5% of its underway time. These propulsion prime movers are typically mechanically coupled to the propeller or water jet via a shaft and reduction gear box. The significant levels of unused propulsive power capacity have been addressed in the DDG-1000 “Zumwalt” class land attack destroyer. DDG-1000 is the first US warship to employ a sophisticated electrical distribution system to direct the total available installed power (approximately 80 MW) for use in both the electric propulsion motors and to support the full range of shipboard electrical loads. This system, known as the IPS, is a key enabler of a full range of novel shipboard directed energy and electric weapon systems including speed-of-light high energy laser systems and electromagnetic rail guns. Laser Weapons and Sensors The Navy has an increasing interest in laser development and use to improve war-fighting capabilities in all facets of its operational scope. While funding for these programs must be weighed against other Navy priorities, funding requests for laser Science and Technology (S&T) programs, including transformational opportunities, are consistent with a long-term development path. Since other nations are aggressively developing advanced Directed Energy (DE) capabilities, the Navy’s current cautious laser development path increases the likelihood of technological surprise from near-peers and also jeopardizes achieving potential advantage that could be realized by laser systems currently under development. Age of the Battleship Surface Warfare Battleship Aircraft Carrier Diversity Gun Strategy Dreadnaught AEGIS Man-of-War Futures WWII Age of the Missile Shooter Standard Missile Tomahawk Two Dimensions ESSM & RAM Guns Missiles & Guns Tartar Talos AEGIS Terrier WWII Today Age of the Electric Ship Missiles DDG-1000 High Power Laser Three Dimensions CG(X) Missiles & Guns & Guns Electric Weapons EM Gun Next Gen AEGIS Combatant Low Power Laser EM Launch WWII Today 20XX Chart Courtesy of Neil Baron Figure 1: The evolution of Naval Weapons (Chart courtesy of Neil Baron) Why Lasers? Why Now? Laser weapon systems comprise a set of technologies that offer unique new capabilities. Unlike earlier weapon systems driven by the threats of the cold war era, those of today are driven by capability requirements because the threat is not dogmatically shaped. Figure 1 depicts the evolution of weapons in the surface Navy. Broad response capacity must be available to cope with the unexpected, innovative, low- tech surprise. The potential for use of directed energy in weapons, sensors and deterrent systems takes on new importance in this scenario especially when juxtaposed with the promise of multi-megawatt power availability from the shipboard electric plant. When placed in the context of the electric ship, electrically pumped laser weapons and their associated laser-based sensors, offer the potential for blinding sensors, providing protection against ballistic missiles and an ability to handle hard-to-discern, short-timeline anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCM). More generally, laser weapons enable delivery of scalable levels of energy at both tactically and strategically relevant distances enabling the accomplishment of new missions and generating entirely new classes of effects during naval battle engagements and on the battlefield. They also offer unique solutions to many of the most serious threats and enable safer accomplishment of hazardous missions. Compared to traditional weapons, laser weapons offer significant benefits including: non-lethal, long-range force application capabilities, lethal target effects, potentially unlimited magazines and significantly smaller logistics footprints than non-DE weapon systems; although some specialized support equipment will be required. Furthermore, there are advantages of reduced operational costs and lower manpower requirements because of automated battle management systems using state-of-the-art electronics. Laser weapons destroy a target either by heating the target surface to the weakening point and causing it to fail under operating stress, or by burning through the skin to destroy underlying critical components and/or subsystems. Additionally, the laser may be used to attack energetic material in a target and cause low-order detonation, a primary destruction method. In all military applications, laser weapons, laser sensors and laser deterrence and communications systems proffer significant force multiplication and thus can enable future commanders to accomplish greater numbers of missions more effectively and in less time, consistent with Force Net and Sea Strike strategies. Surface Navy Laser Development Vision BLOCK 1 BLOCK 1A BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 (Demo) BLOCK 4 Unphased, Single Block 1 + Improved Solid State Laser, FEL with Good BQ; FEL with Good BQ; High Mode, Low BQ, Low Power Unphased Single Good BQ; Modest Modest Power, Beam Power; Beam Director ~1m em Power Fiber Laser Mode Low BQ Laser with Laser Power; Beam Director ~ 1m yst S with 30-50cm Beam Sensor Jamming Director 30-50 CM Director Capability • Counter Rocket • EO IR Counter Measures • CRAM • Ballistic Missile •OTH Platform TAMD & Soft Artillery Mortar (CRAM) Defense Target Strike* • Optical Augmentation, EO • Asymmetric Threats • Asymmetric Threat Sensor Detection & •Supersonic High-G ASMD • Counter-Armed UAV • EO Sensor Damage Disruption (self defense) y • Counter MANPAD • Laser Designator / Range • Crossing ASCM t •Transonic ASMD li Finder bi (self defense) • (Laser Radar) & pa a Periscope Detection C y • Dazzler / Non-Lethal r a t • Visual ID / Non- li i Cooperative Target M Recognition C RS C r C p N D N i S FN I T F rro h i S F H L II rs LD i AC s M D A R LASE O E H y L I S TT P a t A E l l P U BE I N I e P D NTR eed I SH F A RAM R RAM SH L h D THEL C IN L C F g JHPSSL ME E i L CO Y B FE HELLA E HER H M M NC A TES- F A R A A ech D A HA D M T BEA L OT M N M E AL Figure 2: A Laser Development Path. Laser Development Roadmap Figure 2 shows a long-term laser development path for the DE&EW Program in terms of block segments. Goals must include overcoming socialization issues, assessing the utility of, developing and eventually integrating a megawatt-class, hard-kill laser weapon system into the very stressing shipboard environment. In terms of weaponization, the FEL is the laser device of choice and “holy grail” for weaponization in the 2020 time frame. However, there exist many nearer-term potential naval applications for kilowatt-class solid-state laser (SSL) and high-power microwave (HPM) weapons.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 2 HISTORY and DEVELOPMENT of MILITARY LASERS
    History and Development of Military Lasers Chapter 2 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY LASERS JACK B. KELLER, JR* INTRODUCTION INVENTING THE LASER MILITARIZING THE LASER SEARCHING FOR HIGH-ENERGY LASER WEAPONS SEARCHING FOR LOW-ENERGY LASER WEAPONS RETURNING TO HIGHER ENERGIES SUMMARY *Lieutenant Colonel, US Army (Retired); formerly, Foreign Science Information Officer, US Army Medical Research Detachment-Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 7965 Dave Erwin Drive, Brooks City-Base, Texas 78235 25 Biomedical Implications of Military Laser Exposure INTRODUCTION This chapter will examine the history of the laser, Military advantage is greatest when details are con- from theory to demonstration, for its impact upon the US cealed from real or potential adversaries (eg, through military. In the field of military science, there was early classification). Classification can remain in place long recognition that lasers can be visually and cutaneously after a program is aborted, if warranted to conceal hazardous to military personnel—hazards documented technological details or pathways not obvious or easily in detail elsewhere in this volume—and that such hazards deduced but that may be relevant to future develop- must be mitigated to ensure military personnel safety ments. Thus, many details regarding developmental and mission success. At odds with this recognition was military laser systems cannot be made public; their the desire to harness the laser’s potential application to a descriptions here are necessarily vague. wide spectrum of military tasks. This chapter focuses on Once fielded, system details usually, but not always, the history and development of laser systems that, when become public. Laser systems identified here represent used, necessitate highly specialized biomedical research various evolutionary states of the art in laser technol- as described throughout this volume.
    [Show full text]
  • Navy Shipboard Lasers for Surface, Air, and Missile Defense: Background and Issues for Congress
    Navy Shipboard Lasers for Surface, Air, and Missile Defense: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs July 31, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41526 Navy Shipboard Lasers for Surface, Air, and Missile Defense Summary Department of Defense (DOD) development work on high-energy military lasers, which has been underway for decades, has reached the point where lasers capable of countering certain surface and air targets at ranges of about a mile could be made ready for installation on Navy surface ships over the next few years. More powerful shipboard lasers, which could become ready for installation in subsequent years, could provide Navy surface ships with an ability to counter a wider range of surface and air targets at ranges of up to about 10 miles. The Navy and DOD have conducted development work on three principal types of lasers for potential use on Navy surface ships—fiber solid state lasers (SSLs), slab SSLs, and free electron lasers (FELs). One fiber SSL prototype demonstrator developed by the Navy is the Laser Weapon System (LaWS). The Navy plans to install a LaWS system on the USS Ponce, a ship operating in the Persian Gulf as an interim Afloat Forward Staging Base (AFSB[I]), in the summer of 2014 to conduct continued evaluation of shipboard lasers in an operational setting. The Navy reportedly anticipates moving to a shipboard laser program of record in “the FY2018 time frame” and achieving an initial operational capability (IOC) with a shipboard laser in FY2020 or FY2021. Although the Navy is developing laser technologies and prototypes of potential shipboard lasers, and has a generalized vision for shipboard lasers, the Navy currently does not yet have a program of record for procuring a production version of a shipboard laser.
    [Show full text]
  • Laser Technology Applications in Critical Sectors: Military and Medical
    JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE AND APPLICATION VOL. 2 NO. 1 (2021) 38-48 © Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Publisher’s Office Journal of Electronic JEVA Voltage and Journal homepage: http://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/jeva Application e-ISSN : 2716-6074 Laser Technology Applications in Critical Sectors: Military and Medical Suratun Nafisah1, Zarina Tukiran2,3*, Lau Wei Sheng3, Siti Nabilah Rohim3, Vincent Sia Ing Teck3, Nur Liyana Razali2,3, Marlia Morsin2,3* 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung Selatan, 35365, INDONESIA 2Microelectronics and Nanotechnology – Shamsuddin Research Centre, Institute for Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, 86400, Johor, MALAYSIA 3Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, 86400, Johor, MALAYSIA *Corresponding Author DOI: https://doi.org/10.30880/jeva.2021.02.01.005 Received 29 March 2021; Accepted 23 May 2021; Available online 30 June 2021 Abstract: This study aims to observe laser technology applications in two critical sectors which are military and medical. These two crucial sectors required a technology that is compatible with the nature of the field; safe, precise and fast (time –saving). A laser is defined as a device that emits a focused beam of light by stimulating the emission of electromagnetic radiation. The characteristics of lasers; coherence, directionality, monochromatic and high intensity are very suitable to be used in the critical sectors. In the military sector, the implementation of laser is commonly used in various types of weapons manufacturing. In this paper, three different military weapon systems namely weapon simulator, laser anti-missile system and navy ship laser weapon system were studied.
    [Show full text]
  • DIRECTED-ENERGY WEAPONS: Promise and Prospects
    20YY SERIES | APRIL 2015 DIRECTED-ENERGY WEAPONS: Promise and Prospects By Jason D. Ellis About the Author Dr. Jason Ellis is a Visiting Senior Fellow with the Center for a New American Security, on leave from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Also in this series “20YY: Preparing for War in the Robotic Age” by Robert O. Work and Shawn Brimley “Robotics on the Battlefield Part I: Range, Persistence and Daring” by Paul Scharre “Robotics on the Battlefield Part II: The Coming Swarm” by Paul Scharre “Between Iron Man and Aqua Man: Exosuit Opportunities in Maritime Operations” by Andrew Herr and Lt. Scott Cheney-Peters Acknowledgements The views expressed here are the author’s and may not reflect those of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the National Nuclear Security Administration, the Department of Energy or any other depart- ment or agency of the U.S. government. The author would like to thank the many public- and private-sector professionals who graciously lent their time and expertise to help shape this report, and those at CNAS whose insights helped push it over the finish line. Any errors, omissions or other shortcomings nevertheless remain those of the author alone. CNAS does not take institutional positions. Designed by Melody Cook. Cover Images ARABIAN GULF (Nov. 16, 2014) The Afloat Forward Staging Base (Interim) USS Ponce (ASB(I) 15) conducts an operational demonstration of the Office of Naval Research (ONR)-sponsored Laser Weapon System (LaWS) while deployed to the Arabian Gulf. (U. (John F. Williams/U.S. Navy) DIRECTED-ENERGY WEAPONS: Promise and Prospects By Jason D.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 6 PHOTONICS APPLIED: BIOPHOTONICS: Breath Analysis
    PHOTONICS APPLIED: BIOPHOTONICS: Breath analysis research approaches clinical... Page 1 of 6 ADVERTISE | SUBSCRIBE Optics,Coatings,Mechanics,Motor Stages 2 HOME BROFacebook W SE BY TO PIC BUYERS GUIDE PRO DU CTS BU SINESS CENTER ED U CATION RESOURCES VIDEO MOBILE JO BS 3 Home > Test & Measurement > PHOTONICS APPLIED: BIOPHOTONICS: Breath analysis research approaches clinical practicality PHOTONICSTwitter APPLIED: BIOPH O TO N ICS: Breath an alysis1 re se a rc h approaches clinical practicality 04/01/2013 LinkedIn iPhone iPad Android Sponsor Information MATTHEW BARRE and ERIC TAKEUCHI Clinicians anticipate practical, compact photonic test instrumentation to easily identify the several hundred different molecular species6 in exhaled breath that can indicate disease. Imagine a timeShare when a trip to the doctor's office to evaluate your ailment doesn't involve a painful blood draw or the hassle of a urine sample, but only entails a simple request to blow into a tube. Or perhaps a trip to the doctor isn't required at all: What if an evaluation could be conducted remotely by blowing into an accessory on your cell phone? This scenario is becoming a reality as the burgeoning field of breath analysis provides new and, perhaps most important, noninvasive methods to detect abnormal function within the body. Many of the leading techniques involve optical and laser-based approaches that are providing new capabilities to bring breath analysis into a clinical setting. The notion of detecting disease states in exhaled breath has existed for almost 2500 years. Hippocrates described specific correlations between breath aroma and disease in one of his many medical treatises; in 1784, Lavoisier and Laplace showed that respiration consumes oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide; in 1897, Nebelthau showed that diabetics exhale acetone in their breath; and in 1971, Pauling used gas chromatography (GC) to detect over 250 compounds in exhaled human breath.
    [Show full text]
  • Acronyms and Abbreviations H
    Acronyms and Abbreviations Researched and compiled by Joe Cyr (www.joe-cyr.com) H HA Humanitarian Assistance (e.g., special operations) HA/DR Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief HAA High Altitude Airship HAARP High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program HAAWC High-Altitude Antisubmarine Weapon Capability (e.g., a GPS- equipped sonobuoy deployable from high altitudes ca 2016) HAB Heavy Assault Bridge HABE High-Altitude Balloon Experiment HACMS High-Assurance Military Systems HACT Helicopter Active Control Technology HAD Hole Accumulated Diode HADR Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief HAE High Altitude Endurance (e.g., HAE UAV); Host Application Equipment HAHO High Altitude-High Opening (e.g., parachute jump) HAIL HydroAcoustic Information Link (Australia - a possible text-based replacement for the underwater telephone [2003]) HAIPE High Assurance Internet Protocol Encryptor HAIPIS High Assurance Internet Protocol Interoperability Specification HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HALE High Altitude, Long Endurance (Aircraft or UAV) HALLTS Hailing Acoustic Laser and Light Tactical System (non-lethal 1 weapon) HALO Hostile Artillery Locator; High Altitude Long Operations (communications aircraft); High-Altitude Low-Opening (e.g., parachute jump) HALTT Helicopter Alert and Threat Termination (DARPA - ca 2010) HALWR High-Accuracy Laser Warning Receiver HANAA Handheld Advanced Nucleic Acid Analyzer (e.g., to detect harmful biological agents) HAPLS High-repetition-rate Advanced Petawatt Laser System (Czech Republic ca 2013. NOTE: Petawatt
    [Show full text]
  • US Army Weapons-Related Directed Energy
    U.S. Army Weapons-Related Directed Energy (DE) Programs: Background and Potential Issues for Congress Updated February 12, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45098 U.S. Army Weapons-Related Directed Energy (DE) Programs Summary The U.S. military has a long and complicated history in developing directed energy (DE) weapons. Many past efforts have failed for a variety of reasons and not all failures were attributed to scientific or technological challenges associated with weaponizing DE. At present, a number of U.S. military DE weapons-related programs are beginning to show promise, such as the Navy’s Laser Weapon System (LaWs), the first ever Department of Defense (DOD) laser weapon to be deployed and approved for operational use, according to the Navy. With a number of U.S. Army weapons-related DE programs showing promise during concept demonstrations and their potential relevance in addressing a number of current and emerging threats to U.S. ground forces, some believe the Army is making progress to field viable DE weapon systems designed to counter rockets, artillery, and mortars (C-RAM) and address certain types of short-range air defense (SHORAD) threats. While DE weapons offer a variety of advantages over conventional kinetic weapons including precision, low cost per shot, and scalable effects, there are also some basic constraints, such as beam attenuation, limited range, and an inability to be employed against non-line-of-sight targets, that will need to be addressed in order to make these weapons effective across the entire spectrum of combat operations. DE weapon system development raises a number of national security and international relations implications associated with DE weapons as well as international law concerns that must also be taken into account.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of High-Power Laser Research and Development in the United Kingdom
    High Power Laser Science and Engineering, (2021), Vol. 9, e18, 86 pages. doi:10.1017/hpl.2021.5 REVIEW A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom Colin N. Danson1,2,3, Malcolm White4,5,6, John R. M. Barr7, Thomas Bett8, Peter Blyth9,10,11,12, David Bowley13, Ceri Brenner14, Robert J. Collins15, Neal Croxford16, A. E. Bucker Dangor17, Laurence Devereux18, Peter E. Dyer19, Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw20, Christopher B. Edwards1,14, Paul Ewart21, Allister I. Ferguson22, John M. Girkin23, Denis R. Hall24, David C. Hanna25, Wayne Harris26, David I. Hillier1, Christopher J. Hooker14, Simon M. Hooker21, Nicholas Hopps1,17, Janet Hull27, David Hunt8, Dino A. Jaroszynski28, Mark Kempenaars29, Helmut Kessler30, Sir Peter L. Knight17, Steve Knight31, Adrian Knowles32, Ciaran L. S. Lewis33, Ken S. Lipton34, Abby Littlechild35, John Littlechild35, Peter Maggs36, Graeme P. A. Malcolm OBE37, Stuart P. D. Mangles17, William Martin38, Paul McKenna28, Richard O. Moore1, Clive Morrison39, Zulfikar Najmudin17, David Neely14,28, Geoff H. C. New17, Michael J. Norman8, Ted Paine31, Anthony W. Parker14, Rory R. Penman1, Geoff J. Pert40, Chris Pietraszewski41, Andrew Randewich1, Nadeem H. Rizvi42, Nigel Seddon MBE43, Zheng-Ming Sheng28,44, David Slater45, Roland A. Smith17, Christopher Spindloe14, Roy Taylor17, Gary Thomas46, John W. G. Tisch17, Justin S. Wark2,21, Colin Webb21, S. Mark Wiggins28, Dave Willford47, and Trevor Winstone14 1AWE Aldermaston, Reading, UK 2Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics,
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Mass Media by Terrorists (And Vice Versa)
    Chapter 18 Prevention of (Ab-) Use of Mass Media by Terrorists (and vice versa) Alex P. Schmid Modern terrorism is media terrorism. The media are attracted by extreme terrorist acts not only because it is their duty to report on any major event but also because the dramatic and spectacular aspect of terrorism fascinates the general public. Today’s terrorists exploit this and act in a way which will attract maximum attention around the world. - European Parliamentary Assembly Report (2005)1 The terrorists need the media, and the media find in terrorism all the ingredients of an exciting story – - Walter Laqueur (1999)2 This chapter explores both the use of mass media by terrorists and the use of terrorism- generated news by mass media. Ever since the attention-raising effectiveness of “propaganda of the deed” was discovered in the second half of the 19th century, terrorists have exploited the mass media’s propensity to cover “bad news” extensively, first with the help of the rotary press, then followed by radio and television. Mass media, in turn, have often given broad coverage to terrorist attacks since the “human interest” generated by acts of demonstrative public violence attracts large audiences and generates extra revenue. There is a fine line between the media adhering to the public’s right to know, and broad media coverage creating exaggerated anxiety and thereby intimidating the public. Some existing media guidelines for covering terrorist news are discussed and evaluated with an eye on harm prevention resulting from the coverage of terrorist incidents. Keywords: 9/11, Al Qaeda, audience, censorship, communication, contagion, guidelines, ISIS, jihad, mass media, media jihad, news, news values, propaganda of the deed, radicalisation, television, terrorism 1 European Parliamentary Assembly, ‘Media and Terrorism.
    [Show full text]
  • Fm 3-18 Special Forces Operations
    FM 3-18 SPECIAL FORCES OPERATIONS M DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on 13 May 2014. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-CDI-SFD, 3004 Ardennes Street, Stop A, Fort Bragg, NC 28310-9610. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: DESTRUCTION NOTICE. Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. FOREIGN DISCLOSURE RESTRICTION (FD 6): This publication has been reviewed by the product developers in coordination with the United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School foreign disclosure authority. This product is releasable to students from foreign countries on a case-by-case basis only. HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online (https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/index.html). *FM 3-18 Field Manual Headquarters No. 3-18 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 28 May 2014 Special Forces Operations Contents Page PREFACE ............................................................................................................. iv INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... v Chapter 1 THE HISTORY OF UNITED STATES ARMY SPECIAL FORCES
    [Show full text]
  • Q-Switched and Mode Locked Short Pulses from a Diode Pumped, Yb-Doped Fiber Laser
    Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT Scholar Theses and Dissertations Student Graduate Works 3-9-2009 Q-Switched and Mode Locked Short Pulses from a Diode Pumped, Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Seth M. Swift Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.afit.edu/etd Part of the Physical Chemistry Commons, and the Plasma and Beam Physics Commons Recommended Citation Swift, Seth M., "Q-Switched and Mode Locked Short Pulses from a Diode Pumped, Yb-Doped Fiber Laser" (2009). Theses and Dissertations. 2443. https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/2443 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Graduate Works at AFIT Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AFIT Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Q-SWITCHED AND MODE LOCKED SHORT PULSES FROM A DIODE PUMPED, YB-DOPED FIBER LASER THESIS Seth M. Swift, Captain, USAF AFIT/GAP/ENP/09-M10 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. AFIT/GAP/ENP/09-M10 Q-SWITCHED AND MODE LOCKED SHORT PULSES FROM A DIODE PUMPED, YB-DOPED FIBER LASER THESIS Presented to the Faculty Department of Engineering Physics Graduate School of Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Air University Air Education and Training Command In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Applied Physics Seth M.
    [Show full text]
  • Force Multipliers the Instrumentalities of Imperialism
    FORCE MULTIPLIERS THE INSTRUMENTALITIES OF IMPERIALISM The New Imperialism, Volume 5 Edited by Maximilian C. Forte Montréal, Québec, Canada 2015 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Force multipliers : the instrumentalities of imperialism / edited by Maximilian C. Forte. (The new imperialism ; volume 5) Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-0-9868021-7-1 (bound).-ISBN 978-0-9868021-6-4 (paperback).-- ISBN 978-0-9868021-8-8 (pdf) 1. Imperialism. 2. United States--Foreign relations. 3. United States--Military policy. 4. World politics--1989-. 5. International relations. 6. Instrumentalism (Phi- losophy). I. Forte, Maximilian C., 1967-, editor II. Series: New imperialism (Mon- tréal, Québec) ; v. 5 JC359.F67 2015 325'.32 C2015-906336-1 C2015-906337-X Cover design: Maximilian C. Forte © 2015 Alert Press 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd., W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G-1M8 www.alertpress.net Some rights reserved. Electronic copies of this work may be freely circulated without the permission of the publisher, but without altering any of the contents. Any number of chapters may be freely printed or photocopied, or provided as free digital copies, for use in a course in an educational institution. This book may not be republished and/or resold, in any format. Printed in Canada Introduction FORCE MULTIPLIERS: IMPERIAL INSTRUMENTALISM IN THEORY AND PRACTICE Maximilian C. Forte “Force multipliers: Machines which allow a small effort to move a larger load are called force multipliers. Some examples of force multipliers include: a crowbar, wheelbarrow, nutcracker, and bottle opener. The number of times a machine multiplies the effort is called its mechanical advantage.
    [Show full text]