LOS_DAMA! WP T1 Pilot Action Plan Framework
PILOT ACTION PLAN | Ljubljana
LOS_DAMA!
Landscape and Open Space Development in Alpine Metropolitan Areas
Priority 3 – Liveable Alpine Space Project duration: 01.11.2016 – 31.10.2019
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LOS_DAMA! WP T1 Pilot Action Plan Framework
Version Date Author Organisation 2.0 07.07.2017 Guillaume T ournaire GAM 2.1 14.07.2017 Martina van Lierop TUM 2.1.1 14.07.2017 Corinna Jenal EKUT 2.1.2. 14.07.2017 Aurore Meyfroidt UGA 2.2 21 .07.2017 Martina van Lierop TUM 2.2.1. 21.07.2017 Aurore Meyfroidt UGA 2.3 26.07.2017 Martina van Lierop TUM 2.3.1 31.07.2017 Christina Stockinger Vienna 4.1 22.11.2017 Guillaume Tournaire GAM 4.2 26.11.2017 Martina van Lierop TUM 5.1 13.12.2017 Guillaume Tournaire GAM February 2018 Andrej Gulič UIRS February 2018 Ina Šuklje Erjavec UIRS February 2018 Damjana Gantar UIRS February 2018 Sergeja Praper Gulič UIRS November 2018 Project team UIRS
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Contents
Guidelines for the PAP ...... 5 1.1 Short description of the overall territory and of local pilot(s) ...... 7 1.2 Challenges in regard to landscape issue and green infrastructure planning and implementation .... 7 1.3 General objectives in LOS_DAMA! at the scale of the local territory ...... 7 1.4 Stakeholder process in the project ...... 8 1.5 Strategy and methods to work at local level ...... 8 1.6 Main actions with timeline ...... 8 1.7 Milestones of the project(s) ...... 8 1.1 Introduction to the region ...... 9 1.2 Demography and geography ...... 11 1.2.1 Climate conditions (main urban centre) ...... 13 1.2.2 Urban green infrastructure indicators ...... 13 1.3 Planning system ...... 14 1.3.1 Administrative structure...... 14 1.3.2 Administrative competences concerning planning (related to green infrastructure and landscape) ...... 15 1.3.3 Administrative borders at the scale of FUA ...... 16 1.3.4 Planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level, which determine and/or influence plan- and decision-making in the regional area ...... 17 1.3.5 Local policies implemented on biodiversity, landscape, open/green spaces, and urban-rural relationships...... 20 1.4 Green infrastructure ...... 21 1.4.1 Land use statistics (Corine Land Cover) ...... 21 1.5 Examples of achievements in green space planning, implementation and/or management ...... 21 General information on the local pilot project...... 24 1.1 Objectives/goals ...... 26 1.2 Milestones and deliverables ...... 28 1.3 Funding ...... 29 Detailed description of the local pilot project area ...... 30 2.1 Current green and open spaces...... 30 2.2 Land use changes ...... 32 2.3 Issues ...... 32
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2.4 Current plans, projects and initiatives ...... 33 2.5 Objectives ...... 34 2.6 Need for more information regarding PUGI challenges and objectives ...... 34 Governance: stakeholders, collaboration and participation ...... 35 3.1 Green space planning and implementation responsibilities ...... 35 3.2 Stakeholders analysis ...... 35 3.2.1 Stakeholder detailed presentation ...... 35 3.3 Collaboration ...... 37 3.3.1 Intergovernmental collaboration ...... 37 3.3.2 Governance issues beyond project boundaries ...... 37 3.4 Participation ...... 37 3.5 Stakeholder management ...... 38 3.6 Need for more information regarding stakeholder identification, management or governance and participation...... 39 Consolidation, monitoring and evaluation ...... 40 4.1 Consolidation ...... 40 4.2 Monitoring ...... 40 4.3 Evaluation ...... 40 Bibliography ...... 41
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Guidelines for the PAP PLEASE READ THESE GUIDELINES BEFORE FILLING IN THE PILOT ACTION PLAN!
Before you lay the Pilot Action Plan Framework, which is intended as tool to describe the LOS_DAMA! Pilot projects. For each pilot partner, this document aims to gain more understanding in their pilot project and to support its implementation and monitoring. In addition, the framework aims to give other project partners insight in the pilot projects as well as to transfer knowledge by exchange and discussion.
With 11 different pilot projects in total, the PAP Framework might not fit to all pilot projects perfectly. It is possible you come across questions, which might be irrelevant for your pilot project. In this case, please, write down that this question is irrelevant for your pilot project and give a short explanation. The PAP is also a work in progress, which might mean you will not be able to fill in all information. Not a problem, just make a short note that this information is not available yet. Additional information can be added or updated in the next round.
Your answers can be given in the white boxes below or right of the questions, often with the text: “to be written here”. Sometimes some clearer instructions about what to fill in are given, for instance: “to be written in bullet points”. Boxes in orange do not need to be filled in, as these will be filled in by the WP T1 leader or by the knowledge partners. Texts in yellow are already given texts, which only needs reviewing from the pilot partner.
The PAP is formatted as a table structure, in which you can split or add cells if needed. Yet, keep in mind, that this might change the structure of the whole chapter. Please write the text concise, yet specific. In addition, please indicate the sources (be they academic, grey literature or expert interview) of your input as a footnote.
Before sending the PAP to one of the other partners, we ask you to fill in the table on page 2. There you fill in the version, the date of the last revisions, your name and your affiliation. In this way, it stays clear for all who worked on the PAP.
The PAP Structure The PAP consists of 4 parts. Each part can be read separately, yet together these parts form the PAP: A. LOS_DAMA! local strategy and overall projects B. Factsheet city region C. Poster / map of pilot project D. Local pilot information and implementation
Part A. LOS_DAMA! local strategy and overall projects gives a short overview of the Pilot Action Plan and the (individual) pilot projects in maximum two pages. The information should be formulated in short and clear statements.
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Part B. Factsheet city region is meant to give insight into the context of the pilot project concerning demography, climate, planning system and developments on a larger scale level (regional and national). It does NOT describe the local context of the pilot project. The aim of this part is to provide other project partners understanding in the regional (city) context.
Segments of part B. Factsheet city region will be filled in by either the WP T1 Leader or by the KPs. These segments are indicated with the colour orange.
The parts on planning system regarding “administrative structure” and “administrative competences concerning planning”, indicated in yellow, will be filled in by the KPs from the International Manual of Planning Practice by Ryser and Franchini. The PPs are asked to review the texts and adjust were needed. Please adjust the text according to citation standards. If you are not familiar with these standards or have questions regarding it, please contact one of the KPs.
The organisation diagram aims at gathering the main competencies in terms of green infrastructure planning. The PPs are asked to describe for each topic/theme the main competencies and related tools according to the different levels, and to cite the main related planning legislation (maximum of 2). This diagram thus presents a synoptic view of the role of each administrative level in green infrastructure planning.
Part C. Poster / map of pilot project gives room for the posters made for the Kick-off Meeting in Munich.
Part D. Local pilot information and implementation describes the local pilot projects in five sections. The sections more or less logically follow up on each other. All together these sections aim to provide a cohesive account of the pilot project. In Section 1, the goals, activities and milestones regarding the local pilot project are to be described. A detailed description of the pilot project area will be giving in section 2, while, in section 3, information about stakeholders, collaborations and participation will be gathered. These last two sections form input for section 4 in which, by reflecting on the previous sections, the opportunities, barriers and constraints are extracted and then will be described how these can be dealt with. In section 5, then will be written how the activities and milestones will be managed, consolidated and evaluated.
The PPs are asked to fill in this part to the best of their current knowledge regarding the pilot project, yet in later stages information can be added or adjusted.
Final If you have any questions or remarks, the WP T1 leader and the knowledge partners are more than willing to support you with filling in the PAP. However, what we cannot do is to write the PAP for you.
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A Ljubljana | LOS_DAMA! local strategy and overall project (2 pages max.)
1.1 Short description of the overall territory and of local pilot(s) • The metropolitan area in question is the Ljubljana Urban Region or the Statistical region of central Slovenia. The core city is Ljubljana, which administratively is part of the City municipality of Ljubljana. In 2015, the urban region had 535.375 inhabitants living in 921 settlements. The territory of the region covers 2.555 km 2. In administrative terms, it is shared between 25 municipalities. City municipality of Ljubljana has a territory of 274,99 km 2. 288.250 inhabitants lived in the municipality in 2017. In the Slovenian context, the urban region is one of “superlatives”, with e.g. the highest number of inhabitants, best educated population, highest GDP per capita and average salary of employed persons, as well as the largest share of overnight stays of foreign tourists. The natural environment of the region is considered as being relatively well preserved, rather diverse and important in ecological terms. • Two pilot activities will be implemented in two pilot areas: the territory covered by the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park and the subregional area which, additionally to the first, comprises the “hinterland” of the park, a territory belonging mostly to the seven municipalities sharing the park area. The logic of the second pilot area is the one of the green space/infrastructure concept and not necessarily that of administrative division of the territory. The park itself is an IUCN Category V protected area, comprising several other types of valuable and protected natural areas, sites, features, monuments and reserves. It is also endowed with rich cultural heritage. Beside by its value for nature protection, the territory is characterised by overlapping of several further, not necessarily compatible functions: settlements and infrastructure, economic activities, such as agriculture or tourism, recreation.
1.2 Challenges in regard to landscape issue and green infrastructure planning and implementation • Enabling the protection of landscape, cultural heritage and biodiversity whilst also allowing for sustainable development of activities which improve the living and economic standard of inhabitants (agriculture, tourism) and recreational use of the area by the population of the wider area (Ljubljana Urban Region). • Connecting the green system (parks, pedestrian footpaths, cycling tracks) of the city to the wider regional network.
1.3 General objectives in LOS_DAMA! at the scale of the local territory • Recognising and exploring the potential of green spaces for developing green (and blue) infrastructure for a better environment and a higher quality of life (through improved climate mitigation, disaster risk reduction, provisioning of resources and ecosystem services, sustaining biodiversity which brings benefits to human health, wellbeing and recreation). • Empowering local stakeholders to recognize opportunities and reduce conflicts with other (stakeholders or groups) to find harmonized solutions regarding shared use of open spaces and infrastructure (e.g. roads, pedestrian footpaths, cycling tracks, waterways).
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1.4 Stakeholder process in the project • Stakeholder process in the project will be implemented through facilitated activities, knowledge co- production and co-implementation process.
1.5 Strategy and methods to work at local level • Both pilot activities represent interventions into a very dense “territory” of actors, activities, functions, interests. The challenge is, on the one hand, to gain sufficient understanding of the situation to be able to add to the existing initiatives and activities, and to embed the project activities into the actual context in such a way as to provide usable results on the other. All methods will therefore be applied, and potentially adapted, so that they contribute to the point of departure stated above. • Both pilot activities will be implemented in an integrated way, meaning joint implementation of certain steps as well as constant exchange of information.
1.6 Main actions with timeline • Initial steps: detailing pilot activities, stakeholder analysis, collecting basic information and data (interviews, desk research) / 03-10.2017 • Analysing and evaluating spatial characteristics and potentials, expert work on green infrastructure development, elaboration of first draft of green infrastructure at subregional and local level (PA2) / 02— 07.2018 • Workshops on green infrastructure with non-governmental and governmental stakeholders (PA2) / 09.2018 • Expert work on green infrastructure development, elaboration of second draft (PA2) / 09.-12-2018 • Workshop with all relevant stakeholders and finalizing green infrastructure at subregional and local level (PA2) / 01-03.2019 • Collecting data pertaining to focus topics and areas (PA 1) / 01-04.2018 • Preparing for and implementing observations and behaviour mappings, elaborating and evaluating the results (PA 1) / 04-10.2018 • Designing and implementing social innovation lab(s), elaborating and evaluating results (PA1) 11.2018- 05.2019 • Disseminating results of pilot activities / 05-08.2019
1.7 Milestones of the project(s) • Implementing workshops on green infrastructure with stakeholders: (a) non-governmental – NGOs, inhabitants, farmers, visitors – for checking the needs, attitudes, values and perceptions of the wider area, (b) governmental – for checking the scope and adequacy of green infrastructure as a comprehensive planning approach on subregional level and how it may link to different levels of governance • Implementing a workshop with governmental and non-governmental stakeholders to obtain feedback on second draft of green infrastructure at subregional and local level and link views as well as to consolidate GI aims and development priorities • Observation and behaviour mapping at three points in time – spring, summer and autumn – to assess characteristics, intensity and frequency of uses at the selected micro locations • Implementing social innovation lab(s) in order to refine the diagnosis, design and test solutions with lab(s) participants • LOS_DAMA! Festival in the pilot area aimed at dissemination of pilot activities’ results
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B Ljubljana | Factsheet city region
Description of the regional (city) context of the pilot project to gain insight in trend s, planning system and developments on a larger scale level (regional and national).
1.1 Introduction to the region General description of the region with the most important features (natural characteristics, relief , relation to mountain/alpine space, regional situation, transport network) The natural environment of the Ljubljana Urban Region or Osrednjeslovenska statistical region (hereafter referred to as LUR) is relatively well preserved and comprises very different habitats, from karst and mountain meadows, forests and marshy plains. There are numerous areas with ecological values which are important for the conservation of habitats and as habitats for rare and endangered plant and animal species. Most of these sites are included in Natura 2000 sites, some areas – like the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park – are already protected. Map of Ljubljana (FUA) in its geographical context with main land uses The major part of LUR is the Ljubljana basin, and land forms (Source: Gulič, A. et al., 2010, Regional spatial plan for the central part of which consists of several LUR: background study, UIRS, Ljubljana) plains with the geological basis of carbonate gravel river deposits. South of Ljubljana, the Alpine and Dinaric geological structures meet. Their contact is hidden under young sediments covering the older structures, the remains of which are visible as higher, isolated limestone-dolomite hills. The relief to south and southwest of Ljubljana already has some karstic features, here are Karst plains with intermediate karstic fields. The eastern part of the region belongs to the Posavje hills and the western part to the Polhov Gradec hills. Geological structure of these areas is very diverse with some limestone and with a lot of shale and dolomite stones. The northernmost part of the region extends to the Kamnik-Savinja Natura 2000 sites (Source: Gulič, A. et al., 2010, Regional spatial plan for LUR: background study, UIRS, Ljubljana) Alps, where a pronounced high mountainous landscape prevails. Due to the limestone composition, typical karst plateaus are found in this part of the region.
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LUR is the most developed Sloven ian statistical region in economic terms. In 2016, GDP amounted to 27.644 EUR per inhabitant. The index to the Slovenian average was 141,2, and to the least developed Slovenian region, Zasavje, 187,5 (SORS, 2017).
The region covers an area of 2.555 km 2 and has around 540,000 inhabitants, which is more than a quarter of the Slovene population. LUR is the largest area of concentration of population as well as the most densely populated region in the country. Within the region, relatively Hierarchy of central places in LUR (Source: Gulič, A. et al., 2010, intense migration of the population Regional spatial plan for LUR: background study, UIRS, Ljubljana)
between cities, suburbanized settlements
and rural areas took place in recent decades.
LUR is the main destination of commuting flows in Slovenia. It attracts daily commuters from the neighbouring as well rather distant Slovenian regions.
The City municipality of Ljubljana is the regional gravitation centre within LUR and the location where all main regional and inter-regional flows converge. Ljubljana is, furthermore, located at the intersection of
TEN corridors 5 and 10, so there is a Transport network (Source: Gulič, A. et al., 2010, Regional spatial plan concentration of flows resulting in traffic for LUR: background study, UIRS, Ljubljana) deadlocks during peak periods. The traffic conditions result in delays in travel, an environment overburdened by emissions from traffic, noise, and poor traffic safety. These negative effects of traffic affect the quality of life of Ljubljana residents and commuters, as well as visitors. Public transport is effective and performs best in moving passengers to and from intensive activity areas that are destinations, and densely populated areas that are journey origins (adapted from RDA LUR, 2010).
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1.2 Demography and geography Main urb an centre Ljubljana Region Ljubljana Urban Region (LUR) or Osrednjeslovenska statistical region Country Slovenia
Functional Urban Area 1 Urban Core Area 2555 km 2 (SORS, 2016) Area 275,1 km² (SORS, 2017) Population 537.893 inh. (SORS, Populat ion 288.179 inh. (SORS, 2016) 2016) Population growth 12,1 % (2007) Population growth r ate (Total 6,7 % (2007) rate (Total increase per 26,1 % (2008) increase per 1000 population) 29,4 % (2008) 1000 population) 17,7 % (2009) 17,0 % (2009) 6,7 % (2010) 1,9 % (2010) 6,2 % (2011) 2,0 % (2011) 9,8 % (2012) 8,5 % (2012) 8,5 % (2013) 10,1 % (2013) 6,0 % (2014) 4,7 % (2014) 4,7 % (2015) 3,8 % (2015) 4,9 % (2016) (SORS, 2,1 % (2016) (SORS, 2016) 2016) Number of households 212.760 households Number of house holds 124.714 (SORS, 2015) households (SORS, 2015) Household growth rate Information cannot be Household growth rate Information cannot provided be provided Population d ensity 231,5 inh. /km² (SORS, Population d ensity 1048 ,2 inh. /km² 2017) (SORS, 2017) Built -up are a Information cannot be Built -up area Information cannot provided be provided Public green space per Information cannot be Public green space per capita 8,0 m 2 per capita provided inhabitant (Urban audit, LUZ, 2004) Number of 26 municipalities
Whic h trends have occurred during the past 5 -10 years ? (demographic changes, ageing, large influx of tourists or non-resident employees? If available give numbers. The Ljubljana Urban Region (LUR) shows the fastest growing population of all Slovenian regions after 2002. From 1995 to 2017 the population in the region grew from 485,000 to 540,369, an increase of more than 10%. The demographic trends for the region are relatively favourable. In the period from 2006 to 2015, the share of population in age group 0-14 increased by 1.3% (by 0.8% at national level) and in the group of 65+ years by 1.4% (at national level by 2.5%). The number of deaths per 1,000 population in the region was 7.7 in 2016 (at national level 9.5). In 2017, the ageing index in the region was 112.8 (at national level 127.8) (SORS, 2017). LUR is also the most densely populated region in Slovenia and the largest area of concentration of population in the country, where more than 26% of Slovene population lives (2017).
1 As defined by the OECD (More Information on www.oecd.org ).
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In 2016 there were 220,989 persons in employment by statistical region of residence and 281,866 persons in employment by statistical region of workplace which indicates a high level of attractiveness of LUR for the employment of persons from other statistical regions. Labour migration index was 127.5 (SORS, 2017).
Within the region relatively intense migration of the population between cities, suburbanized settlements and rural areas took place. Over the past thirty years the main process has been the migration of the population from cities to suburbs. In this way, the largest area of suburbanization in Slovenia has taken shape in the broader hinterland of Ljubljana. The fastest relative population growth was experienced by some rural settlements, especially those in the hilly southern and eastern part of the region. Classical suburbanization with population growth in the nearby suburbs has, over the past decade, given way to peri-urbanization, for which intensive population growth in rural settlements is typical. On the other hand, internal development of settlements and increased density of settlement in the nearby suburbs could be observed. In addition to individual residential construction in the form of one-family dwellings, organized residential construction in the form of smaller multi-family dwellings or row houses took place. In this way, suburbanized settlements became integral parts of wider urban areas.
The in-migration of the population is largely the result of the relatively good transport accessibility to Ljubljana, lower costs of built land than in the city and suburban settlements, and a better quality of residential environment.
The spatial development of rural settlements which are experiencing intensive population growth follows the model of sprawling construction in the form of smaller groups of one-family dwellings at the edge of existing settlements or entirely outside the areas of compact settlement. This kind of spatial development of settlements exacerbates the negative impacts associated with sprawl: longer commutes, less use of public transport, wasteful land use, high costs of building and maintaining municipal and transportation infrastructure (partly taken from Rebernik, 2014).
In the period from 2008 to 2017 the attractiveness of LUR, and especially the city of Ljubljana, for domestic and foreign tourists increased significantly. The number of overnight stays of domestic tourists rose from 6,442 in 2008 to 8,417 in 2017. As regards the number of overnight stays of foreign tourists, growth is even more impressive: from 41,289 in 2008 to 83,255 in 2017 (SORS, 2017).
Which trends are expected during the next 5 -10 years? (demographic changes, population growth or reduction, ageing, large influx of tourists or non-resident employees? For LUR as well as for the City municipality of Ljubljana no recent demographic studies and projections are available. At the national level, further contraction in the share of the working age population and an increase in the number of elderly people is expected. On the labour market, the decline of the working age population in the next ten years will impede economic growth. Demographic change will reduce financing sources and increase expenditure on social care. Population ageing also changes the demand for housing, spatial planning and regional policies.
Presumably, migration of young and educated domestic population into LUR will continue. For this reason, further increase in the number of inhabitants in LUR can be expected. At the same time, outmigration from Ljubljana to smaller towns and villages in the LUR might continue feeding the suburbanization processes. The number of inhabitants in Ljubljana will most probably continue to decline.
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1.2.1 Climate conditions (main urban centre) Max. average temperature 19,1 °C (EEA, 2 017) Min. average temperature -0,2 °C (EEA, 2017) Precipitation per year 1593,0 mm (EEA, 2017) Average amount of extreme heat days (temperature rising over 35 °C): 1961 -1990 – 2 per year; 1991 - 2013 – 20 per year (Vertačnik, 2014) Please describe the c limate in the pilot’s region (mild or cold winters, hot or cool summers, precipitation, snowfall, windy, etc.) and which benefits and disadvantages this climate has. The climate in LUR and in Ljubljana is conditioned by the region's geographical position in a vast basin extending from Slovenia's pre-Alpine to karst areas. Particularly during winter months, LUR experiences the so-called temperature inversion, a meteorological phenomenon in which cool and moist air is trapped close to the ground. During summer, the climate in LUR is affected by warm air streams moving from the Mediterranean, so summers in Ljubljana are relatively hot (Ljubljana Tourism, 2017).
Please describe the climate change expectations for the region: increase in temperature and precipitation, amount of heat waves, water scarcity etc. Include the sources. In the future, as a consequence of inevitable climate changes, intensive warming in the cold half of the year, fewer days with snow blanket, more intensive precipitation and changed precipitation regime (more precipitation in autumn and spring, less in summer), an increased occurrence and more intensive extreme events such as floods, droughts and thunderstorms are expected.
1.2.2 Urban green infrastructure indicators 2 Share of green urban areas 72,5 % Class II Distribution of green urban areas 3 26,4 m/ha Class II Effective green infrastructure (mean) 4 77,7 % Class I Mean hotspot 5 0,7 % Class V Green infrastructure type 6 Forest city
2 EEA (2017). The Interactive Map of Green Infrastructure Indicators. Each indicator is divided in 5 classes, ranging from I to V. Available at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/sustainability-transitions/urban- environment/urban-green-infrastructure/urban-green-infrastructure-1. Accessed at 10 May 2017. 3 This measure provides a proxy for the equal or non-equal distribution of green urban areas in the city. Increasing the green area and distributing it more evenly is an effective measure in reducing the undesired effects of clustered urban green areas. 4 Indication of the potential distribution of green infrastructure in the peri-urban area; that is, the probability of finding a green infrastructure element in the territory or in the neighbouring area. 5 The hotspot percentage identifies those areas where the influence of green spaces and the impact of artificial elements overlap. 6 The typology of the cities has been based on nine parameters: proportion of green urban areas, degree of soil sealing, distribution of green urban areas, effective green infrastructure (urban hinterland), hotspot ratio (hinterland), terrestrial urban blue areas, low density areas, proportion of urban forest and proportion of Natura 2000 sites.
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1.3 Planning system Territorial g overnment system type 7 Parliamentary unitary state with a single -level of local self - government system Planning family 8 Central Regional economic planning
1.3.1 Administrative structure Please review the summary below of the general features of the planning system and In stitutional organisations, and adjust where needed according to citation rules. “Slovenia is a democratic parliamentary republic with a parliament consisting of the National Assembly with 90 deputies, elected by general and direct voting, and the National Council 4, a President of the Republic, the Government, and an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court. The National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia, which has a legislative power, passes the constitutional amendments, laws, and other supreme instruments determining legal bases and frameworks for the implementation of other state functions. The Government of the Republic of Slovenia and its administrative bodies perform executive functions, particularly of implementing laws and policies whilst the Courts perform a judicial function. The president represents the Republic of Slovenia and is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The Government of RS consists of the Prime Minister and ministers. The Prime Minister is elected by the National Assembly. The National Assembly also appoints and dismisses ministers upon the Prime Minister’s proposal. The Government of RS leads and directs its work through approx. 15 ministries (2014). The new Slovene constitution (1991) enables the establishment of the regions /provinces, however until now (2014) no regional administrative bodies have been established yet, due to the ongoing political and professional negotiations about the number and size of these regions. For analytical and regional development purposes twelve (12) i.e. ‘’statistical’’ or “development” regions (NUTS 3) have been used until administrative regions (provinces) are being established. Since January 2008 there are two NUTS 2 e.g. European or Cohesion regions: West Slovenia NUTS 2 (with more developed 4 NUTS 3 regions) and East Slovenia NUTS 2 region (with less-developed 8 NUTS 3 regions), but without political or administrative representations.
At the local level, the public administrative functions are performed through 58 territorial administrative (LAU 1) districts. As a rule, these administrative districts perform tasks for all ministries. With respect to organization, the employees of these administrative districts report to the ministry responsible for administration, while the ministries monitor their operations, each for their own field of work. Local self- government is also enforced in the Republic of Slovenia. The inhabitants of Slovenia exercise local government functions in municipalities (LAU 2). In 1994 there were 147 new LAU 2 municipalities and by 2014 the number has risen to 212 municipalities.
Municipalities are the basic self-governing local units, autonomous and independent in performing tasks under the jurisdiction of local communities. National bodies supervise only the legality of their work. The administrative organization also enables municipalities to decide independently on their integration into broader local communities, including provinces (regions), in order to regulate and administer local issues of broader significance.
In Slovenia, cities or towns do not exist as administrative territorial units. According to the Law on Local Self-government (1994) a ‘’town’’ is a larger urban settlement which differs from other settlements by its size, economic structure, population density and historical development. Officially there are 58 towns
7 Based on Davies et al. (2015), Tosics (2013) and Tosics and Dukes (2005). 8 Based on Davies et al. (2015) and Nadin and Stead (2008).
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in Slovenia. Among 211 municipalities, only 11 have the status of urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo mesto, and Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, and Velenje” (Pichler-Milanović and Ivanič, in: Ryser and Franchini, 2015).
1.3.2 Administrative competences concerning planning (related to green infrastructure and landscape) Please review the summary below of the main organisations on a national, regional and local l evel and their roles, responsibilities and competences, and adjust where needed in accordance to citation rules. “The state In the field of spatial planning and management, the state prepares laws, policies, and other instruments, that are adopted by the National Assembly or by the Government of the Republic of Slovenia. They define the spatial planning system and provide spatial development strategies, objectives and guidelines. In addition to the spatial development law and strategic documents, the state also has the authority to undertake measures related to spatial development and construction activities, which are of national significance. The state uses laws and other strategic documents to provide frameworks for spatial planning at the regional and local levels. The state has the authority to monitor the legality of spatial planning activities at lower levels.
The state has also the responsibility to: - conduct and implement land policy - maintain the spatial data system - develop and encourage professional work in spatial planning - participate in matters of spatial planning and management at the international level.
The Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning of Republic of Slovenia 6 has been responsible for reforming organizational aspects of spatial planning, establishing new rules, spatial planning documents, introducing market instruments in respect to private property rights related to the spatial planning process, as one of the basic constitutional categories. The state is also (in)directly through the territorial administrative districts (LAU 1), in charge of issuing building (construction) permits. The Ministry issues building permits for buildings of “national importance” directly, while territorial administrative districts issue building permits for all other buildings, e.g. construction activities in municipalities under their jurisdiction. 7
Regions Since Slovenia has no formal regional administrative authorities the only spatial planning instrument at the regional (NUTS 3) level is the Regional Concept of Spatial Development , which is being prepared jointly by the state and the municipalities according to the principle of partnership. Several regional planning concepts were in different stages of preparation and they cover most of the Slovenia’s territory. Only Regional Development Concept of Ljubljana Urban Region was completed and approved (2010) by municipal councils and LUR bodies during the implementation of the Regional Development Programme of Ljubljana Urban Region (RDP LUR) 2007-2013. The Regional Development Agency (RDA LUR) coordinated a preparation of the first Regional Spatial Development Concept of LUR according to the new spatial planning policies and regulations (> 2001) as a joint venture between the City Municipality of Ljubljana (capital city) together with other municipalities and stakeholders in the urban region.
The Spatial Planning Act (2007) has introduced the Regional Spatial Plan in the legislative agenda. Until now there were several attempts to boost regional spatial planning but it remained largely unsuccessful. Only one (small) regional (inter-municipal) plan (“Wastewater Treatment Plant at river Vrtojbica”)
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between three municipalities in western Slovenia: City Municipality Nova Gorica, and near -by municipalities Šempeter-Vrtojba and Miren-Kostanjevica respectively, was adopted in year 2011 even though spatial planning legislation contains provisions for their preparation and adoption.
Municipalities (Local Administration) Municipalities (LAU 2) have the original right to undertake the spatial management and planning of their territories, with exception of spatial development activities of national importance which are under direct jurisdiction of the state. A local community is obliged to perform activities in the field of spatial planning and management, as well as planning activities according to the adopted laws, standards, and criteria. Their principal task regarding spatial management and planning is concern for rational, mixed, and sustainable land use, as well as economic use of land plots in accordance with the principles of high quality of living, working, recreation, and a healthy environment. In decision-making procedures, they are responsible for direct participation of all involved and interested parties. They also care for and maintain the identity of the local community by considering and protecting the natural and the built environment of local significance” (Pichler-Milanović and Ivanič, in: Ryser and Franchini, 2015).
Insert here an organisation diagram and include the source in the text below. A new s patial planning act was adopted on 17 November 2017 and will enter into force on 1 June 2018. No organisation diagram concerning the new administrative competences in planning and planning instruments is currently available.
1.3.3 Administrative borders at the scale of FUA
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Municipalities in the Ljubljana urban region (LUR) (Source: Gulič, A. et al., 2010 , Regional spatial plan for LUR: background study, UIRS, Ljubljana)
1.3.4 Planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level, which determine and/or influence plan- and decision-making in the regional area Landscape Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding landscape. • Spatial Planning Act (ZUreP-2) The latest version, adopted in 2017 and coming into force in June 2018, promotes the principle of sustainable development by ensuring the efficient use of land and buildings and a complementary arrangement of diverse activities in the same area; the development possibilities should be harmonized with maintaining a high quality living space and providing for other protection interests. The direction of settlements should ensure a rational use of space and a balanced placement of settlements areas, infrastructure, working places and supportive healthy living environment.
The account of preserving and strengthening of the spatial identity – by preserving the visibility of valuable natural and built structures – is also a key principle of spatial development. ZUreP-2 brings a (systematic) renewal of spatial planning acts (strategic and performance), it introduces and legally defines the new field of land policy and measures for its implementation.
Green infrastructure as a concept is not defined by the Act as such but defines some other, quite similar concepts. It (re)introduces the landscape plan (krajinska zasnova in Slovenian language) as a substantial part of specific planning documents for directing and detailed determination of spatial development and protection in individual areas in the landscape. Besides, the Act defines also urban green system plan that should be prepared for urban areas on municipal level as a part of urban design plan which is one of the mandatory background studies of the municipal spatial plan for urban settlements.
Apart from the national and local level of spatial planning acts, ZUreP-2 (re) introduces the regional planning level – for development regions to promote a balanced regional development. For the regional level the Act also introduces a green system of the region as a part of regional development plan.
• Spatial Development Strategy of Slovenia (SDSS, 2004) is a basic strategic spatial development document and an integrated planning document which implements the concept of sustainable spatial development. Together with the Strategy for Economic Development of Slovenia, it represents the umbrella document for guiding development and forms the basis for the harmonization of sectoral policies. Main objective is to ensure the quality of the living environment through the appropriate and rational provision of infrastructure, a well-developed network of economic activities and services, and access to the public services. A new spatial development strategy of Slovenia (SDSS 2020) is under preparation now, for which the strategy of the green infrastructure of Slovenia is in the process of development as one of the background studies.
• Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 (2015): Apart from management of agricultural land it directly addresses demographic changes in rural and remote areas and contributes to mitigation of depopulation by diverse measures, for example by improving the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry activities, promoting organic farming, improving basic services and village renewal in rural areas.
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Biodiversity Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding biodiversity and nature conservation. In the sphere of nature conservation, Slovene legislation stipulates several different forms of protected areas, from national parks to smaller reserves. Nature parks are defined as areas with long standing interaction of the highest quality between man and nature, with high ecological, biotic and landscape values, which certainly holds true for Ljubljansko barje/Ljubljana Marsh that, in its present shape, is the result of both natural processes and human activities.
Fundamental concept of conserving biodiversity in Slovenia is based on the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the European Community legislation. Since its ratification (1996), the principles of biodiversity conservation are included in the guidelines, programs and strategies of almost all sectors in Slovenia. Biodiversity Conservation Strategy of Slovenia was adopted in 2001 for the period 2002-2012. It represents a set of implementation goals and guidelines for the coordinated implementation of measures that contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the CBD.
Measures for nature protection emphasize the protection of in-situ and education (Kus Veenvliet et al., 2005), which is defined in the basic strategic documents in the field of nature protection (NPVO, 1999; ReNPVO, 2005). The National Environmental Action Program (NEAP) had in its program the preparation of a national strategy on biodiversity, a nature conservation strategy and an action plan for the conservation of biodiversity. It promoted the increase of various categories of protected areas to about 30%, and among other things the establishment of the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park.
National Environment Protection Program (ReNPVO) is based on the Natura 2000 network, as the area most suitable for maintaining or achieving a favourable state of species and habitat types in the interest of the EU. In order to achieve this, it provides for measures that can be measures of nature protection, measures of adapted use of natural resources or adapted water management and agri-environmental measures. The definition of these measures is the content of the action plan entitled Natura 2000: 2007- 2013 Management Program. It was adopted in 2007, and its contents are generally defined by the Nature Conservation Act and the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy in Slovenia, and defined in detail in the Decree on Special Protection Areas (Natura 2000 sites).
The Nature Conservation Act (ZON, 2000) defines the measures to preserve biodiversity. The conservation of biodiversity at the level of species is achieved by the protection of species and their habitats, the prohibition of the settlement of plants or animals of non-native species etc. Biodiversity is additionally contributed by certain measures stipulated by the Environmental Protection Act, the Water Act, the Spatial Planning Act and the continuous monitoring of habitats based on the Habitat Mapping methodology.
Water Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding water protection and water quality. The Water Framework Directive aims to ensure the good chemical status of b oth surface water and groundwater bodies. It establishes a legal framework to protect and restore clean water across Europe and ensure its long-term and sustainable use. In Slovenia it is implemented in Water Law (OJ RS, No 67/2002) and Environment Protection Act (OJ RS, No 39/2006) including all belonging acts.
Water Law (UL RS 67/2002): It is dealing with the ownership, control and use of water as a resource. Water Law is basic for water resource management and environmental and water quality standards. This Act governs the management of marine, inland and ground waters, and the management of water and
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waterside land. Management of waters and of water and waterside land shall comprise the protection of waters, the regulation of waters and decision-making on the use of waters. This Act also governs public assets and public services in the area of waters, water facilities and installations, and other water related issues. Environment protection Act : This Act regulates the protection of the environment against burdens, which is a basic condition for sustainable development, and within this framework lays down basic environmental protection principles, environmental protection measures, environmental monitoring and environmental information, economic and financial instruments for environmental protection, public services for environmental protection and other issues related thereto. Implementing regulations that have been harmonized and follow the Water Law: 1. National Environmental Action Programme 2. Sector of water resources development: Decree on provisional river basin management plan, Decree on detailed content and method of drawing up a water management plan, Rules on determining water bodies of groundwater, Rules on determining and classification for water bodies on surface water, Rules on methods for determining water bodies of groundwater, Rules on methods for determining water bodies of surface water 3. Sector of water rights 4. Sector of water protection areas 5. Water sector: Rules on groundwater monitoring, Decree on groundwater status, Decree on the quality of groundwater. 6. Agricultural sector: Agricultural activities have significant impacts on water quality, including increases in stream sedimentation from erosion, and increases in nutrients and pesticides. For years we can observe the negative impact on groundwater quality on the area of Ljubljansko polje and Barje aquifer. 7. Environmental and waste sector: All aspects of the surroundings of humanity, affecting individuals and social groupings are included. The environment thus includes the built environment, the natural environment and all natural resources, including air, land and water.
Agriculture and Forestry Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding agriculture and forestry. Ministry of agriculture , forestry and food provides the preparation and implementation of several acts and programmes, among them the umbrella laws: Agriculture Act (2008), Agricultural Land Act (2011), Act on forests (1993) and more specific acts, like: Decree on protective forests and forests with a special purpose (2005), Rules on forest protection (2009), etc. The Ministry prepares and implements programmes for sustainable development of the agricultural and forest areas: Resolution on National Forest Programme (2007), Rural areas development programme 2014-2020. This programme is also the most important for the pilot area Ljubljansko barje, as this is the area mostly covered with wetland meadows and pastures which are included in special financing schemes for farms. Farms which apply for funding are obliged to manage their agricultural land according to distinctive rules, e.g. less intensive farming, moving the hay after certain dates / nesting season of endangered bird species.
Mountain Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding mountain preservation and uses. Mountain areas in principle are not subject to specific le gislation, they are subject to general spatial legislation acts, programmes, etc., and sectoral laws (e.g. agriculture, forestry) depending on specific features, valuable areas, development issues or other. The only exception is the area of Triglav National park, which has its own Triglav National Park Act (2010). Triglav area lies in the north-eastern part of Slovenia and is geographically not connected to pilot area (LUR; Ljubljana Marsh).
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Others Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding other aspects of green space (e.g. transport, housing, tourism, sustainability) In Slovenia , guidance and rules for planning and design of urban green spaces are applied to all planning levels from national strategic level to the local implementation level.
In the year 2004 the government of Slovenia adopted two important new documents on the state level, Spatial Development Strategy of Slovenia (SPRS) and Slovenia’s Spatial Order (PRS). Both set out quite comprehensive planning objectives and fundamental regulations for urban green space development and landscape planning on the national, regional and local levels and put this topic on some higher levels in the Slovenian planning system. The regulation stipulates that municipalities must draft their own spatial development strategies and spatial orders, in which they should follow defined rules in the form of directly binding requirements and as guidelines.
The content of the SPRS is articulated into “Development of human settlement”, “Developing of public infrastructure”, “Landscape development” and Spatial Strategy Implementing Measures. Basic guideline directly linked to green areas is included into the first part, “Development of human settlement” under “Public areas in settlement” in the chapter on “Rational Use of Land and Structures in Settlements”. Although included in public areas in fact guideline “ 1.2.4.1 Green areas” does not address only public green areas or greenspace land use areas but also areas like woodlands, agricultural areas and water and waterside areas. For them guidelines are defined inside the “Landscape development”, a part where guidelines are structured according to landscape development land use areas (out of settlements).
The concept of green areas is for the first time defined (PRS 2004, Article 5) as areas that exhibit a certain degree of naturalness, irrespective of ownership, function and location in the space. This means that PRS defines green spaces by spatial occurrence and not by land use.
Guidelines and rules for “greenspace land use areas” are included into the part “Settlement’s Planning” and set out the rules how to define »greenspace land use areas« that are not only »greenspace land use areas«: • principle of equal provision and access to green spaces for all citizens • need for variety of use of green spaces in settlement areas (providing specific functions associated with the use of green spaces, recreation, leisure time, education, etc.); • landscape features and space of the settlement (relief features, water, proportion and arrangement of natural features); • articulation of the built structures into recognizable image of the settlement • climate and healthy living conditions in the settlement
Both documents are in the process of renewal as well as all the spatial planning legislation.
1.3.5 Local policies implemented on biodiversity, landscape, open/green spaces, and urban- rural relationships. Please describe , for the different fields, the political fr amework and which local initiatives will be taken in the next 5 years to enhance the local policies. The framework for future development of the area is outlined in spatial plans of the municipalities, representing the base for development and placement of settlements, industry and other land uses such as agriculture, infrastructure etc.
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The programming documents are based on regional development programmes and programmes od local action groups (LAG), e.g. “Ljubljana Marsh local action group” and “Coexistence between city and countryside”.
1.4 Green infrastructure 1.4.1 Land use statistics (Corine Land Cover) Land cover Land use percentage (2012) Land use change ( 1990 - 2012) Arable land 8.92 % -0,02 % Artificial, non -agricultural vegetated areas not detected on Corine not detected on Corine Forest 6,75 % +0,90 % Heterogeneous agricultural areas 64,39 % +1,41 % Industrial, commercial and transport units 0,03 % -4,04 % Inland waters not detected on Corine not detected on Corine Inland wetlands not detected on Corine not detected on Corine Marine waters - - Maritime wetlands - - Mine, dump and construction sites 0,02 % +19,05 % Open spaces with little or no vegetation not detected o n Corine not detected on Corine Pastures 14,23 % -5,95 % Permanent crops not detected on Corine not detected on Corine Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation 1,76 % -3,17 % Urban fabric 3,90 % +0,06 %
1.5 Examples of achievements in green space planning, implementation and/or management Please list 2 concrete examples successes and 1 failure within green space planning, implementation and/or management within the pilot project’s region in the last 10 years. Give a short description for each example; define whether it is an action, project or policy; and explain the innovation or novelty of the example and what can be learned from the example. 1 Regional development programme (RDP) is a basic programming , strategic, and implementation document at the regional level for each financing period which is designed to harmonise the region’s development objectives, determine the relevant instruments, and assess the funds needed for their realisation. One of the programs defined for the regional development between 2014 and 2020 is also development of the Regional Green System aiming to support natural protection and environmental quality within the area. 2 Green system plans and concepts for the municipalities sharing the pilot project area. Within the green system and green space plans as parts of the City Municipality of Ljubljana’s Spatial Development Plan, the pilot area is recognized as an important part of the southern green wedge with wide potentials for recreation, farming as well as natural protection and biodiversity. Similarly, the functions of the landscape of the pilot area are addressed also with development plans of some other municipalities, defining possible functional and/or spatial connections between the municipal open spaces and the pilot area. 3 Project People for Marsh – Biodiversity Conservation at the Ljubljana Marsh, or shorter LJUBA, addresses the main causes of biodiversity loss in the Ljubljana Marsh. It ran until the end of April 2016. It developed the concept of integrated management plans for individual farms, as a tool for planning and management of agricultural land in nature-protected areas. The result is an upgraded farm business plan, which is for a farm-production and conservation objectives for harmonious
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development. Three model farms were selected, depending on their size, location and type of agricultural production. Focus on governance (intergovernmental, participation with non -governmental stakeholders , institutional and/or operational) involved in examples Please describe how the collaboration and/or participation was organised, and highlight the role of governmental bodies, NGOs and other stakeholders. 1 No detailed data available
Focus on lessons learned Please describe what you learned from your experience in the examples (reasons of success or failure), and which changes the experience brought at the local / regional level. 1 At a meeting with the previous director of the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park (KPLB) we have learnt that it is difficult to communicate with farmers or to involve them as stakeholders – it takes a lot of time (and budged) to put planning and management decisions into action. 2 The KPLB is short of staff for all the work they have and projects they are involved in . They are not able to really continue with activities that are developed within EU project after the projects are finished. Such was the case with the website set up in the course of the Vital landscape project. 3 The municipalities are mostly not very interested in cooperation on regi onal level as well as poorly informed about possibilities for financing their programs and activities (lesson learnt from Workshop II of the EU project PERFECT.) The benefits of sharing these experiences Please describe why, in your opinion, it is interesting to share this experience with LOS_DAMA! Partners, what added value and what can be learnt from these to improve policies
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C Ljubljana | Poster / map of pilot project
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D Ljubljana | Local pilot information and implementation Within Part D the focus is on the local pilot project. It describes the local project area, the problems, and the stakeholders. Moreover, it describes how the local pilot project will be managed, the actions and milestones, the monitoring and which lessons are finally learned. Grenoble and Munich fill part D for each of the three pilot projects.
General information on the local pilot project
Map 1: Pilot site Sub-regional area of the Ljubljana Urban region (Pilot activity 2)
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Map 2: Pilot site Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park (Pilot activity 1)
Map of the project area. Short description of the pilot project ’s contents and its context . The Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park is in the area of Ljubljansko barje /Ljubljana Marsh in Central Slovenia, in the southernmost part of the Ljubljana Basin. The Park stretches from a natural passage, called the Ljubljana gate, between the hills of Golovec, Grad and Šišenski hrib in the north and north-east, to the Polhov Gradec hills in the north-west and west. In the south it borders on the Krim range and Menišija, and in the south- west it is flanked by the Dolenjsko podolje region.
The Park covers Slovenia's largest complex of wet grasslands with hedges and forests, shrubs and watercourses. The area is well-known for its rich biodiversity, which is the result of specific cultivation practices (extensively-mowed meadows). Most of the protected, classified animal and plant species and habitat types are vitally dependent on the preservation of the wetland character of the Ljubljansko barje ecosystem and on the maintenance of extensively-managed meadows (rational fertilisation, late mowing).
Over two thirds of the surface area are agricultural land, most of it taken up by meadows (46%), and fields and gardens (31%). Urban areas account for approximately 5% of the Park, and forests cover 9% of the area. Most of the land (83%) is privately-owned.
In relation to protection status, the park represents Extended protected area – Protected Landscape (IUCN Category V), two Ecologically Important Areas, a Natura 2000 site. It is a Special Protection Area (SPA) for 25 bird species according to the EU Birds Directive. This exceptional area of nature contains a large number of valuable natural features (59), natural monuments (9), nature reserves (6), numerous endangered wildlife plant (1) and animal (27) species with an international protection status, their habitats and habitat types (7), as well as many cultural values and a unique mosaic landscape, the product of long-term interaction between man and nature.
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The primary purpose of the first protection zone (44.5km² or 33% of the total area) is to protect and conserve valuable natural features, to preserve the favourable status of plant and animal species and their habitats, and to safeguard adapted agricultural practices. The second protection zone (26.3km² or 19% of the total area) is important for nature conservation and intended to protect valuable natural features, biodiversity and landscape diversity, as well as sustainable forms of both agriculture and the use of other natural resources in a way that minimises environmental impact. The primary purpose of the third protection zone (64.2km² or 48% of the total area) is to conserve landscape diversity and promote sustainable development.
The Park contains two groups of prehistoric pile dwellings, which are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The Ljubljana Marsh represents also a popular recreational destination for people living there as well as for visitors from the city of Ljubljana and beyond (Ljubljana Urban Region). Therefore, pilot activity focuses on the issues of provision, accessibility and carrying capacity of the Ljubljana Marsh in relation to spare time activities. Two types of pilot areas and activities were defined: o PA1 – addressing popular micro locations for spare time activities, focussing on the issue of offer/demand relations to addressing carrying capacities of places to achieve balanced sustainable open space - usage routines o PA2 – addresses the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park as a whole, assessing morphological characteristics, accessibility issues and conservation also in terms of potential to sustainable usage but also as its value in green infrastructure of the broader spatial context.
Both pilot actions – PA1 from a specific view regarding selected micro locations and PA2 from general view – will elucidate potential of the area for balanced usage and vital conservation.
1.1 Objectives/goals Main objective (s) of the pilot project Please describe the main objective(s) regarding the green/open spaces (e.g. the peri-urban green infrastructure or physical environment) and landscape in the pilot project area • Exploring possibilities and preconditions for establishing more harmonious inter-connections of people and nature within peri-urban cultural natural landscapes.
• Contribution to creating knowledge and governance related background so that different stakeholders such as inhabitants, visitors, local communities, sectoral agencies will be able to learn about and understand the value and importance of natural and cultural heritage as well as possible synergies with local development.
• Exploring possibilities of using green infrastructure plan for better use of potentials and overcoming the problems and obstacles for synergies between natural protection and use of the peri-urban landscapes.
• Contribution to identifying possibilities and solutions for combining both use and protection and to stimulate local development in the protected area of the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park.
• Informing and raising awareness of different stakeholders about the importance of stimulating the nature-based leisure activities (practiced in contact with nature but without damaging nature conservation) and finding common solutions for them.
• Exploring carrying capacities of selected popular sites within the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park (PA1) to prevent these sites from overwhelmed use and examining possibilities to transfer such spare time activities to other potential sites within the entire area of the Ljubljana Marsh (PA2)
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Collaboration within the local pilot project Please describe with whom you will collaborate in the pilot project (e.g. other departments, other governmental bodies or institutions) and describe how and which methods and/or tools will be used. In both pilot sites UIRS team will collaborate with the : • municipalities located in the area of Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park and its hinterland • Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park Public Institute • Regional Tourism Destination Organisation of Central Slovenia (Ljubljana Urban Region) • Local tourist associations • Local action group (LAG) Ljubljana Marsh • Local action group Coexistence between city and countryside • Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning
Methodology steps and contents: • Analysis of existing and planned nature-based leisure activities (practiced in contact with nature but without damaging nature conservation) in the pilot area Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park and its hinterland. • Involving and raising awareness of different stakeholder groups related to leisure activities and nature protection – conducting talks, interviews, lectures and workshops – in the pilot area. • Description and evaluation of spatial, environmental, economic and social characteristics of the pilot area from the aspects of peri urban development. • Analysis and evaluation of green infrastructure potentials of the pilot area, already planned GI related measures within Spatial Plans of different municipalities as well as regional and nature park development plans. • Evaluating pilot area’s suitability (attractiveness and vulnerability) for developing nature-based leisure activities within areas with different protection levels. • Elaborating stakeholder analysis. • Definition of several focal areas and exploring possible development scenarios for nature-based leisure activities with active involvement of stakeholders. • In-depth analysis and evaluation of potentials and obstacles for nature-based leisure activities development within focal areas. • Cooperation with drafters of local tourism strategies for the focal areas and their local community hinterland and of the strategy for tourism destination Ljubljana Urban Region. • Searching for synergies by spatial development scenarios and GI strategy concept. • Sharing results of pilot activities with stakeholders and the general public.
Participation in the local pilot project Please describe how diverse non-governmental stakeholders (e.g. citizens, inhabitants, private landowners, etc.) will be involved in the pilot project, and describe how and which methods and/or tools will be used. Non -governmental stakeholders will be involved through interviews, working meetings, lectures and workshops. The methodological approach supporting PA1, where bottom up approaches will be needed addresses direct and indirect public participation. Indirect public participation will be conducted via methodology of observation and behaviour mapping. For direct participation social innovation lab approach will be followed.
The intended improvement Please describe what will be the intended improvement on local level by implementing this pilot project. • Progress in sustainable use of natural potentials in protected areas and their hinterland • Assisting with solving identified conflicts between nature protection and outdoor leisure activities • Fostering cooperation between local stakeholders and development of nature friendly solutions in outdoor leisure activities transcending the local level
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1.2 Milestones and deliverables Please explain the main milestones of the local pilot project, and the deliverables you intend to reach at the end of the LOS_DAMA! project. If possible add a date. Date (jjjj.mm.(dd)) Milestones Deliverables 2017.03 -10 Initial steps in defining the pilot activities, stakeholder analysis, interviews with stakeholders, desk research (PA1+PA2) 2018.02 Analysis of the spatial Thematic maps of PA2 area characteristics and potential s characteristics and potentials of the wider area of pilot project (PA2) 2018. 02 -07 Expert work on green First draft of green infrastructure on sub regional and infrastructure development local level (PA2) Expert evaluation and setting of GI development priorities 201 9.03.25 -29 Workshop I-a on GI with Additional s tarting points for evaluation and setting of GI relevant non-governmental development priorities stakeholders (NGO, inhabitants, farmers, visitors…) for checking the needs, attitudes, values and perception of the wider area 20 19.03.25 -29 Workshop I-b on GI with Feedback to the GI development possibility on sub relevant governmental regional level from different governmental levels stakeholders for checking Additional starting points for evaluation and setting of GI the scope and adequacy of development priorities green infrastructure as a comprehensive planning approach on sub regional level and how it may link to different levels of governance 201 9.03 -05 Continuing e xpert work on Second draft of green infrastructure on su b regiona l and green infrastructure local level (PA2) – expert proposal development 201 9.06.17 -19 Workshop II with all Feedback to second draft and linking views relevant stakeholders Consolidation on GI aims and development priorities (governmental and non- governmental) 2018.0 6.-08. Observation and behavio ur Characteristics, intensity and frequency of uses at the mapping selected micro locations (PA1) 2018.11 -2019.0 4 Design and implementation Refin ed diagnosis, solutions designed (and tested) of social innovation lab(s) together with lab(s) participants (PA1) 2019.0 6-07 LOS_DAMA! Festival in the Disseminating results of pilot activities pilot area (potentially linked to some existing event) (PA1+PA2)
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Added -value of the local pilot project Please describe what, in your opinion, can be the added value of the pilot project for other LOS_DAMA! partners. This can be a method, a tool, good practice or an experience. • Innovative combining of bottom-up and top-down approaches • Gaining empirical knowledge (in-situ based knowledge)
Consolidation and sp in -off of the local pilot project Please explain what the pilot project could offer to local public policies, how the consolidation of the pilot project’s activities and the pilot project’s follow-up will be organised. • PA1 will contribute with enhanced knowledge about usage capacities of places and will be useful as the input for nature friendly tourism and recreational policy making at local level • Concept of PA1 in relation to PA2 can be disseminated as a way of good practice for managing high outdoor activities pressure on designated micro locations within the Ljubljana Urban Area (LUR)
1.3 Funding Funding of pilot project activities Please describe how (parts of) the pilot project will be funded (e.g. the funding framework (from State, region, EU funds, proper resources…)). From EU funds and own resources
Need for (further) funding Please describe whether there is a need for (further) funding, for which activities, and how you intend to gain these funding. There is no need for further funding
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Detailed description of the local pilot project area 2.1 Current green and open spaces Landscape characteristics Please describe the landscape characteristics of the pilot area (flat, hilly or mountainous; dry or wet; open or enclosed; monotonous or heterogenic; main vegetation types; historical and cultural elements, etc.). Relatively flat, marsh area, dry but with flooded periods ,open area with significant patches of forest , heterogeneous, main vegetation types are fields, wetland meadows, hedges.
There are several settlements which are located mainly on the southern outskirts of Ljubljansko barje (Bistra, Borovnica, Dol pri Borovnici, Goričica, Prevalje pod Krimom, Kamnik pod Krimom, Podpeč, Jezero, Podkraj, Tomišelj, Strahomer, Iška vas, Ig, Lavrica, Ljubljana, etc.) along the main roads (Črna vas, Iška Loka, Matena) and on the raised (hilly) part in the central area of Ljubljansko barje (Notranja, Gorice, Vnanje Gorice, Bevke).
Ljubljansko Barje is the largest Slovene and southernmost European wetland. It is 160 square kilometres large plain, originating some two million years ago through the sinking of an extensive area of the Ljubljana basin. Consequently, the local rivers deposited huge amounts of shingle and sediments there, virtually damming the Ljubljanica river where it joined the Sava and inundating the entire Barje basin at the same time. Some 6,000 years ago, the Barje lake dried up, leaving a marshy plain in its place. In its greater part, layers of peat were formed, in places even up to 9 metres thick.
Although this boggy area was in no way an ideal environment for people to settle there, numerous archaeological finds speak of the fact that the area of Ljubljansko Barje had been inhabited from the very Copper Age onwards. This was the time of the prominent pile dwellings.
Nowadays a cohabitation of people and nature created a unique and highly diverse cultural landscape: mosaic of meadows, litter woodlands, fields, ditches and hedges. This interlacement of different habitats is home to many plants, birds and insects that can rarely be still seen elsewhere in Slovenia or in Europe. Along water surfaces and in the extensively farmed and relatively late in the year mown meadows some rare butterflies and dragonflies can be found. The boggy environment is a good shelter for amphibians and the very rare European Pond Terrapin.
Biodiversity characteristics Please indicate whether there are nature protection areas in the pilot area. Please specify the habitat/biotope types, occurring rare or endangered key species, and the type of nature protection. A map with the nature protection areas could be very useful. There are nature protection areas in the pilot area , in fact the pilot areas itself is a protected area : Extended protected area – Protected Landscape (IUCN Category V), protected as landscape park since 2008. The area contains a large number of valuable natural features (59), natural monuments (9), nature reserves (6), numerous endangered wildlife plant (1) and animal (27) species with an international protection status, their habitats and habitat types (7), as well as many cultural values and a unique mosaic landscape, the product of long-term interaction between man and nature. It comprises two Ecologically Important Areas and Natura 2000 site.
It is a Special Protection Area (SPA) for 25 bird species according to the EU Birds Directive. Although the Barje plain covers only 1 % of Slovenia's territory, it is the breeding site of more than 100 bird species and a living environment for over 20% of Slovenian population of grassland birds such as corn crake, whinchat, Eurasian curlew, stonechat and common quail (Crex crex, Numenius arquata, Coturnix coturnix, Vanellus vanellus, etc.).
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Ljubljansko barje is also a living environment for over 45 species of mammals, among which otter is the most endangered (Lutra lutra), turtles (Emys orbicularis), frogs (Hyla arborea …), fish species and butterflies.
As for plant species, the area is important for its wetland meadows (including species as Fritillaria meleagris, Lychnis flos-cuculi) and stripes of hedges (Alnus, Quercus, Pynus sylvestris, Betula).
Map featuring most important natural and cultural heritage sites: http://www.ljubljanskobarje.si/images/GIS- karta-KPLB_projekt-Lokna_2016-1.jpg
Open/green spaces as part of a larger network Please describe whether and how green spaces in the pilot area are considered as a part of a larger (green) network (e.g. green belt, corridors, habitat network). A map can be included to support the explanation. At the national level as well as regional level, the entire pilot area is recognized as a part (a feature) of the green infrastructure of Slovenia. However, its interlinking with other important green infrastructure features has not been developed yet in a clear way. On the municipal level, the area is mostly considered as an urban green system hinterland or part of the green wedge or belt in the case of more urban settlements as the cities of Ljubljana or Vrhnika or the rural landscape of others.
However, the main challenge of the pilot project on strategic, planning level is, how to structure landscape characteristics of the area into recognizable green infrastructure units on sub regional and local level and how to define and interlink these units into the pilot area level GI and then further into the higher scale networks.
Land ownership Please describe briefly the land ownership situation, and the related problems and opportunities. Most of the Ljubljan a Marsh Nature Park land is privately owned (83%) and ownership is struc tured by a big number of owners. About 12% of land is owned by the Republic of Slovenia which is also the founder and financer of the Park. 3% of land is managed by the Fund for agricultural land and forests. 0,7% of the land is owned or co-owned by the municipalities and 0,6% of land is owned or co-owned by the parishes of the Roman Catholic Church. Different companies own about 0.5% of the land in the pilot area.
The ownership structure is a big challenge for management and development of the area, demanding a lot of efforts and skills to harmonize, coordinate and interlink different needs, expectations and plans of land owners. On the other hand, it opens opportunities to develop comprehensive bottom up approaches and activates human and spatial resources of a small scale for more equally distributed balanced and thus also resilient future development.
Multifunctionality Please indicate below which functions, services or benefits the pilot area provides. Make an estimated guess or ask a local expert (e.g. environmental manager, ecologist or landscape planner) 9 x Food and fodder crops x Local climate regulation x Recreation x Wild fruits, mushrooms and Air quality x Mental and physical health game x Fish x Carbon sequestration and x Tourism storage x Livestock Noise control x Aesthetic appreciation x Wood products x Water regulation ( Delay or x Sense of place / identification avoidance of floods, droughts
9 For a more extensive description of the ecosystem services, see http://www.teebweb.org/resources/ecosystem-services/ and https://cices.eu/
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and fires, protection for storm surges, and water as a means of transport) Energy crops Waste -water treatment x Inspiration for culture, art and design Natural plant fibres (e.g. linen, Erosion prevention x Education sisal, hemp) Other natural materials (e.g. x Pollination x Nature experience flowers, feathers) Fresh water Biologic al control Natural medicinal resources x Preservation of biodiversity Considered ecosystem functions/services Please describe which ecosystem functions/services (see above) will be considered in the pilot project. • The focus is on the cultural ecosystem services (recreation, relaxation, various spare time activities; but also, educational, scientific research, identity and aesthetic functions) • As part of a comprehensive approach also supporting and provisioning ecosystem services will be addressed, especially related to biodiversity, food production, flood prevention and similar Valued open/green spaces Please indicate which green and/or open spaces in the pilot area are particularly valued, and why? • On the national as well as regional level the whole area is recognized as a green space of particular value of natural quality. The pilot project challenge is to structure it on the sub-regional level into more articulated green infrastructure features and elements that will correspond to cultural ecosystem services. From this starting point the green and water areas of the Ljubljanica river have very strong potential to be recognized as the interlinking element of the GI of the wider area, some particular wetland habitats, natural streams and artificial canals, smaller hills, patches of forests have a great value for morphological and identity aspects, and green valleys on the edge of the marshland have already recognized for recreational functions.
2.2 Land use changes Change in quantity of green and/or open spaces Indicate how the quantity of the green and/or open spaces changed in the pilot area during the last 20 years, and describe the drivers for the land use change. Due to the natur e protection regimes in place there have been no big changes rega rding the quantity of green and open space. There was some loss due to construction sites and agricultural activities. Drivers of change are the location of the area near the city of Ljubljana and agricultural policies.
Change in quality of green and/or open spaces Indicate how the quality of the green and/or open spaces for recreation changed in the pilot area during the last 10 (-20) years. There have been some minor improvements regarding the quality of green spaces with a view to recreational needs within the area, mostly in the form of small recreational park, some thematic trails, birds watching points and other smaller open space design interventions.
Future land use changes Indicate which land use trends/changes are expected in the pilot area within the next 5-10 years, in particular concerning green and/or open spaces. 2.3 Issues In terms of project implementation, specify which of the following issues are present in the pilot area, and describe the issue in more detail.
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Biodiversity / nat ure PA2 covers the entire Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park , its area is significant for conservation biodiversity and is under nature conservation. Specific characteristics are described in section C 2.1.
PA 1 covers selected locations significant for recreational and spare time activities. They are all significant for various levels of nature conservation as well as for biodiversity. One of the testing sites is Iški Vintgar. It is a scenic gorge of the Iška river. The interesting appearance of the gorge and its rapid little river, sandbanks, numerous river pools and steep rocky banks reminiscent, at places, of the walls of a canyon, is due to the powerful mechanisms of tectonic faulting. It offers an opportunity to see numerous interesting rocks testifying to the area's turbulent geological history, such as gravel stones composed of dolomite streaked with white calcite veins, reddish and greenish coloured flat round-shaped stones with mineral inclusions, and several others. The gorge's scenic appearance is also due to its vegetation, which includes trees whose roots cling to the gorge's steep walls and numerous alpine plants such as sedge, rhododendron, twoflower violet, Carniolan primrose and spring snowflake.
Open spaces PA1 focusses on open spaces or sequenc es of open spaces popular for vari ous recreational activities. In Iški Vintgar typologically there are various patches of forests, patches of meadows with some scattered trees, riverbanks, and various riverscapes such as sandbanks, river pools and steep rocky banks.
Landscape identity One of the reasons why the selected micro -locations addressed within PA1 seem to be popular for people visiting them and stay there for recreational or relaxation reason is also their strong landscape identity.
Assessment methods and tools Please indicate which methods and tools are used to assess the green and/or open spaces of the pilot project area and its related issues. • PA1: behaviour mapping as an interpretation tool
Need for assessment of open/green space OPTIONAL Is there a need for more assessment of the open and green spaces in the pilot area? Please specify what needs further assessment. Need for information on assessment methods and/or tools OPTIONAL Please specify whether there is a need for more information on different methods, tools or techniques to assess the green and/or open spaces in the pilot area? 2.4 Current plans, projects and initiatives Most relevant planning documents Mention the three most important (strategical) planning documents (on regional or local scale) for the local pilot area. Please also provide a copy or digital version of the planning documents. Title Year Author or institution 1 7 municipal spatial p lans different different 2 Regional development plan 2014 -2020 2015 RRA LUR for LUR 3 Development program for Ljubljana 2010/20 KPLJ Marsh Nature Park management plan 11 and temporary management guidelines Current and planned activities in the pilot project area
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Please indicate whether specific (planning, implementation or manag ement) projects or initiatives concerning green and/or open spaces currently exist in the pilot area or are planned. • Research in progress
Linking pilot project with ongoing activities Please indicate whether there are, in your opinion, possibilities to link the pilot project with ongoing or planned projects in the pilot project area. Research in progress 2.5 Objectives Major objectives for the pilot project area Indicate below which three challenges related to green spaces are the most relevant for the local pilot project and with which activities and measures will these three challenges be addressed? Other challenges can be added. Objectives Activities and measures Promoting health, human well -being, • Balancing nature protection issues, economic issues of and quality of life agriculture development and recreational opportunities • Distribution and accessibility of public green space relevant for quality of life for local residents • Improving non-conflicting accessibility to recreational destinations and areas for other citizens and tourists Dealing with issues Please specify to what extent the pilot project will deal/solve with the issues indicated in 2.3. • Biodiversity / nature conservation +- • Open spaces ++ • Landscape identity ++ • Urban-rural linkages +- • Mountain/alpine - • Health / environment +- • Urbanisation and infrastructure +- • Other
Synergies between objectives Please indicate whether there are synergies between the different objectives of the pilot project. Conflicts between objectives Please indicate whether there are conflicts between the different objectives of the pilot project. 2.6 Need for more information regarding PUGI challenges and objectives Need for information on how to identify challenges for peri -urban green infrastructure OPTIONAL Would more information (e.g. methods, tools) on identifying challenges be helpful for the pilot project? If yes, please try to describe as specific as possible the difficulty you encounter or which information you might need. Need for information on dealing with challenges and objectives for peri -urban green OPTIONAL infrastructure Would more information (e.g. methods, tools) on which activities and measures can help to deal with the pilot project’s challenges or objectives for peri-urban green infrastructure be helpful? If yes, please try to describe as specific as possible the difficulty you encounter or which information you might need.
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Governance: stakeholders, collaboration and participation 3.1 Green space planning and implementation responsibilities Responsible department Please describe which department(s) in the regional and/or city (municipal) administration (will) deal with the green space planning and implementation in the pilot project and to which political decision-making body does the topic belong. None directly
Relevant administrative i nstitutions Please describe which administrative institutions (organisations, in particular (semi-)public authorities and/or governmental agencies) are relevant for the pilot project (by involvement or activities in the local pilot area). • City Municipality of Ljubljana + 6 other municipalities sharing the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park area (Borovnica, Brezovica, Ig, Log-Dragomer, Škofljica, Vrhnika) • Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park Public Institute • Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning of the Republic of Slovenia
Intergovernmental cooperation Please describe with which departments (disciplines) or administrative bodies the responsible department (should) cooperate to make the pilot project a success, how this cooperation in your experience works, and which factors hinder or contribute to the cooperation. 3.2 Stakeholders analysis 3.2.1 Stakeholder detailed presentation Please indicate in the table on the next page which stakeholders will be or need to be included in green space planning/implementation/management in the local pilot project. Please specify in addition the form of organization (examples are given, delete what is not relevant), the role of the stakeholder in the pilot project, and the interest of the stakeholder in the pilot project area. Main stakeholders Highlight the 3 main important stakeholders in the stakeholder analysis table on the next page.
Power -interest matrix / Assessment of power level vs. interest OPTIONAL PM Description of the relevance of the power-interest matrix. ONLINE The power-interest analysis is made available on Basecamp (or Mydrive) with a full description on how to use it.
Conflict and cooperation analysis OPTIONAL PM Description of the relevance of the conflict and cooperation analysis ONLINE The conflict and cooperation analysis is made available on Basecamp (or Mydrive) with a full description on how to use it.
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3.2.1 Stakeholders analysis Highlight the three most important stakeholders. Name of stakeholder Form of organization Role within the pilot project Background and/or i nt erest in the pilot project area Difficulties/constraints with the stakeholder City municipality of Local authority Observer City municipality of Ljubljana (CML) is interested in The shareholder representatives de monstrate a Ljubljana experiences with peri-urban open spaces and landscapes in relatively low real interest in the project. various metropolitan areas. CML is interested also in new ideas and solutions that can be applied to comprehensive guidelines for selected landscape areas and their sustainable use and accessibility in the Ljubljana urban region. Ljubljana Marsh Nature Public law i nstitution Observer Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park Public Institute (LMNP) is The shareholder representatives demonstrate a Park Public Institute interested in the results of development of innovative relatively low real interest in the project. approaches and methods for successful periurban landscape development by considering the aspects of nature protection. Municipalities Borovnica, Local authority User Municipalities are interested in identifying possibilities and Municipalities are generally interested in promoting Brezovica, Ig, Log- solutions for combining both land-use and nature protection local development within their own area. Some Dragomer, Škofljica and and to stimulate local development in the protected area of municipalities express higher and others lower Vrhnika the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park. interest in the project activities and results which are, by their nature, supra-local. Elected represen tative at local level Elected representative at regional level NGOs Business community representatives Users Inhabitants Farmers/Foresters
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3.3 Collaboration 3.3.1 Intergovernmental collaboration Importance of intergovernmental collaboration Please describe whether intergovernmental collaboration is important for the pilot activity or not, and why. To what extent is it an opportunity/risk for the project? which stakeholders could enable better intergovernmental collaboration? To be written here. Note: The question is not quite clear. Intergovernmental collaboration usually takes place at the international level between states, within and between intergovernmental organisations etc. This kind of collaboration is not important for executing our pilot activities. 3.3.2 Governance issues beyond project boundaries Including territories outside pilot project area Describe to what extent the pilot project will include territories beyond the project area’s boundaries, and which challenges and opportunities this brings. The pilot project will include whole areas of the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park’s municipalities , that is also those which are beyond the Park area. There is the possibility of innovative functional integration of various activities between protected areas in the park and other areas. Key stakeholders from territories beyond the project area Identify key stakeholders within the above identified territories and describe what their added value to the pilot project could be (including influence they may have to local stakeholder’s system). Stakeholder Added value and influence on pilot No other stakeholders beside already defined. 3.4 Participation Participation of non -governmental stak eholders Please describe how users/inhabitants/other non-governmental actors will be involved in the pilot project, and with which pilot activities or in which pilot process part (e.g. design, planning, implementation, maintenance). Through facilitated a ctivities, knowledge co -production and co -implementation process. Improvement of non -governmental stakeholder inclusion Please describe factors enabling better inclusion of users/inhabitants/ other non-governmental actors in the pilot project and the pilot activities. Factors enabling inclusion of users are as follows: • Environmentally responsible behaviour of local inhabitants • Environmentally responsible behaviour of visitors and tourists • Emotional attachment to the local living area and/or local destination area (i.e. place/area identity)
Obstacles to non -governmental stakeholder participation Please describe the major factors hindering participation of users/inhabitants/other non-governmental actors in the pilot project or pilot activities. Factors h indering participation of users are as follows: • Fragmented interests between inhabitants and between inhabitants and recreation and tourism activities providers • Local residents are not empowered and fully involved in decision-making processes regarding recreation and tourism activities • Lack of coordination • Unfair distribution of tourism benefits to local inhabitants
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Methods and tools for non -governmental stakeholder engagement Please describe which methods/tools will be used in the pilot project to engage users/inhabitants/other non- governmental actors to participate in the pilot project or pilot activities? • Involving and awareness raising of different stakeholder groups related to leisure activities and nature protection – conducting talks, interviews, lectures, workshops, social innovation lab – in the pilot area
3.5 Stakeholder management The leverage effect of LOS_DAMA! Please describe into what extent the LOS_DAMA! project could act as a leverage effect to bring stakeholders closer together or could help with dealing with conflicts between stakeholders, Leverage e ffect can be achieved with following activities: • Transnational learning and peer-review • Job shadowing • Supporting the enhancement of local pilots
The role of experts Please describe who will be the experts and which role they have. Experts from the UIRS will give technical assistance with conduct ing talks, interviews, lectures, workshops and social innovation lab in the pilot area.
Knowledge transfer Please describe how knowledge, expertise, and experience will be exchanged between different stakeholders. Knowledge, expertise, and experience will be exchanged between different stakeholders using knowledge co- production approach which enables mutual learning. In this way scientists can learn more about issues important for practitioners while practitioners can take the opportunity to see issues from a different angle and from a wider perspective.
Stakeholder management Please indicate how the relevant stakeholders with their specific interests and roles will be managed. Working meetings and facilitated workshops will be organized and implemented with representatives of various stakeholder groups. These forms of cooperation will enable different knowledge holders to openly share knowledge with the aim of understanding diversity of values and beliefs, changing worldviews, defining commonly understood problems and co-creating new knowledge for solving them.
Stakeholder management methods and tools Please indicate which methods/tools will be used to bring different stakeholders together? Identify potential win-win potentials (social, economic, urban issues) of this governance format. Conduct stakeholder analysis which will include: • Definition of stakeholder groups • Definition of stakeholder interests (intentions) in the pilot area (Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park and its hinterland) • Definition of stakeholder interests (intentions) to promoting recreation and tourism in the pilot area, which is not inconsistent with the objectives of nature protection • Assessment of the level of support / opposition to the operation of Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park as a core part of pilot area • Assessment of the level of support / opposition to promoting recreation and tourism in the pilot area, which is not inconsistent with the objectives of nature protection
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• Definition of policies and measures to maintain support or eliminate barriers by stakeholders in the operation of Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park • Definition of policies and measures to maintain support or eliminate barriers by stakeholders in the development of recreation and tourism in the pilot area, which is not inconsistent with the objectives of nature protection
3.6 Need for more information regarding stakeholder identification, management or governance and participation. Need for information on how to identify and/or managing stakeholders OPTIONAL Would more information (e.g. methods, tools) on identifying and managing stakeholders be helpful for the pilot project? If yes, please try to describe as specific as possible the difficulties you encounter or which information you might need. Need for information on improving governmental collaboration OPTIONAL Would more information (e.g. methods, tools) on how to improve governmental collaboration be helpful for the pilot project? If yes, please try to describe as specific as possible the difficulty you encounter or which information you might need. Need for information on how to improve stakeholder involvement OPTIONAL Would more information (e.g. methods, tools) on how to improve stakeholder involvement in project activities be helpful for the pilot project? If yes, please try to describe as specific as possible the difficulty you encounter or which information you might need.
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Consolidation, monitoring and evaluation 4.1 Consolidation Follow -up of the pilot project Please describe what will happen with the pilot project, after it is completed? What ‘follow up’ work is planned, how will it be managed and what will be the long term economic value of it for the pilot area? A direct follow up of the pilot project is not planned but the results will be useful for : • Preparation and updating of municipal spatial plans of the municipalities located in the Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park regarding their green system and/or green space development as well as local quality of life, and local offers for recreational and tourism activities • Preparation of the green infrastructure strategy and green system plan for the Ljubljana Urban region (in collaboration with the EU project Perfect) • Updating of tourism development and marketing strategy of the Ljubljana Regional Tourist destination
Consolidation in policies and instruments Please describe whether and how the pilot project will be incorporated into (formal and/or informal) policies and/or instruments? See the answer above .
4.2 Monitoring Please indicate whether the pilot project will be monitored. Yes/ No If yes, please describe what will be monitored and how. I f no, please describe why not. If yes, please indicate criteria to monitor the success of your activities 4.3 Evaluation Please indicate whether the pilot project will be evaluated. Yes/ No If yes, please describ e what will be evaluated and how. If no, please describe why not. If yes, please indicate criteria to evaluate the success of your activities
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Bibliography EEA (24 March 2017). Interactive Map of Green Infrastructure Indicators . European Environment Agency. Available at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/sustainability-transitions/urban-environment/urban-green- infrastructure/urban-green-infrastructure-1. Accessed at 10 May 2017.
Tillner, Silja. (2015) In: Ryser, Judith and Franchini, Teresa (2015). The International Manual of Planning Practice . The Hague: ISOCARP.
Eurostat (n.d.). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/data/database . Accessed at 21 July 2017.
OECD.Stat (2017). Available at: http://stats.oecd.org . Accessed at 21 July 2017. van Weperen, E.A practical method for selecting stakeholders in local landscape planning for ecosystem services, Wageningen University. Wageningen. http://www.wur.nl/upload_mm/d/4/0/17e6e6b7-0ba0- 4447-ba5b-9078c9368106_Weperen,%20Eefke%20van%20Thesis%20LUP80436_201303.pdf. Accessed 20.03.2017.
Odlok o Strategiji prostorskega razvoja (OdSPRS, Uradni List RS 76/2004, stran 9217) Uredba o prostorskem redu Slovenije (Uradni list RS, št. 122/04 in 33/07 – ZPNa črt). Zakon o urejanju prostora (ZUreP-2), https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2017-01-2915/zakon-o-urejanju- prostora-zurep-2
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