DOCSLIB.ORG

Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Tirana (Seap)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Tirana (Seap) SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN OF THE CITY OF TIRANA (SEAP) Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Tirana Authors: NORTH - West Croatia Regional Energy Agency Vesna Kolega, M.Sc. Ivana Horvat, B.Sc. Mihaela Mehadzic, B.Sc. Hrvoje Maras, B.Sc. Velimir Segon, M.Sc. Project coordinator: Vesna Kolega, M.Sc. Director: Julije Domac, Dr. Sc. Local Consultant: Hysni Laci, B.Sc. MUNICIPALITY of TIRANA Ulrike Bega (Franzel), M.Arch, Dipl. Ing. Arch. Urim Hoxha, M.Sc in City Planning Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Tirana was created within a framework of the project Building a System for Energy Managment in the Cities of Zagreb, Sarajevo, Podgorica, Skopje and Tirana. The Project was financed with the resources of the Open Regional Fund for Southeast Europe of the German Society for Technical Cooperation. Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Tirana CONTENT 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 An overview of Covenant of Mayors initiative ...................................................................... 10 1.2 Covenant of Mayors initiative in year 2013 ........................................................................... 11 1.3 What is the Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City? ....................................................... 12 2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 14 2.1 Development, implementation and monitoring of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Tirana .......................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.1 Preparatory activities for the Process ........................................................................... 14 2.1.2 Development of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Tirana ................... 15 2.1.3 Adopting the Action Plan as an implementing document of the City of Tirana ........... 17 2.1.4 Implementation of the Plan of Priority Measures and Activities for the City of Tirana 18 2.1.5 Control and monitoring of Action Plan implementation ............................................... 18 2.1.6 Reporting on results of Action Plan implementation .................................................... 19 2.2 Organisational structure of the process for developing, implementing and monitoring the Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Tirana ............................................................. 19 2.2.1 Working and Supervisory Bodies for the Process of SEAP Implementation ................. 19 2.2.2 Stakeholders identification and involvement ............................................................... 21 3 Analysis of energy consumption in the building sector of the City of Tirana ................................ 23 3.1 Analysis of energy consumption of subsector Buildings owned by the City of Tirana in 2011 ............................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.1 Educational buildings..................................................................................................... 24 3.1.2 Cultural institutions ....................................................................................................... 25 3.1.3 City administration buildings and business facilities ..................................................... 26 3.1.4 Other public buildings ................................................................................................... 27 3.1.5 Analysis of electricity and thermal energy consumption in the subsector Buildings owned by the City of Tirana........................................................................................................... 28 3.2 Analysis of energy consumption in the residential sector in the City of Tirana in 2011 ....... 30 3.3 Analysis of energy consumption in the subsector of commercial and service buildings in the City of Tirana in 2011 ............................................................................................................. 32 3.4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 33 4 Analysis of Energy Consumption of the Transport Sector in the City of Tirana in 2011 ............... 36 4.1 Fleet owned by the City of Tirana - municipal fleet ............................................................... 36 3 Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Tirana 4.2 Public transport in the City of Tirana ..................................................................................... 38 4.2.1 Public bus transport ...................................................................................................... 38 4.2.2 Public taxi transport ...................................................................................................... 38 4.2.3 Total energy consumption in public transport .............................................................. 39 4.3 Personal and commercial vehicles ......................................................................................... 40 4.3.1 General information ...................................................................................................... 40 4.3.2 Fuel consumption of personal and commercial vehicles .............................................. 41 4.4 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 43 5 Analysis of energy consumption of the public lighting sector in the City of Tirana in 2011 ......... 46 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 46 5.2 General data on the public lighting sector of the City of Tirana ............................................ 46 5.3 The electrical network of public lighting in the City of Tirana ............................................... 47 5.3.1 Structure of electrical network of the public lighting in the City of Tirana ................... 47 5.3.2 The electricity consumption of the public lighting sector ............................................. 48 5.4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 49 6 The Baseline Emission Inventory of the City of Tirana (BEI) .......................................................... 50 6.1 Baseline CO2 Emission Inventory in the buildings sector ....................................................... 50 6.2 CO2 Baseline Emission Inventory in the transport sector of the City of Tirana ..................... 53 6.2.1 Methodology for elaboration of the CO2 Baseline Emission Inventory in the transport sector of the City of Tirana ............................................................................................................ 53 6.2.2 CO2 emission from vehicles owned by the City of Tirana .............................................. 53 6.2.3 CO2 emissions from the public transport of the City of Tirana ..................................... 53 6.2.4 CO2 emission from personal and commercial vehicles ................................................. 54 6.2.5 Total CO2 emission in the transport sector of the City of Tirana .................................. 54 6.3 CO2 baseline emission inventory from the public lighting sector of the City of Tirana ......... 56 6.4 Total CO2 baseline emission inventory (BEI) of the City of Tirana ......................................... 56 6.4.1 Energy consumptions of the City of Tirana ................................................................... 56 6.4.2 Total CO2 emission of the City of Tirana ........................................................................ 58 6.5 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 60 7 An overview of potential measures for the reduction of CO2 emissions by year 2020 in the City of Tirana ............................................................................................................................................. 61 7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 61 7.2 Measures of CO2 Emissions Reduction for the Building Sector of the City of Tirana ............ 61 4 Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Tirana 7.2.1 General Measures of CO2 Emissions Reduction for the Building Sector ....................... 61 7.2.2 Promotional, Informative and Educational Measures and Activities ............................ 62 7.2.3 Measures for Buildings owned by the City of Tirana .................................................... 64 7.2.4 Measures for residential sector of City of Tirana (households) .................................... 65 7.2.5 Measures of Commercial and Services Buildings .......................................................... 65 7.3 Measures of CO2 emissions reduction of the transport sector in the City of Tirana ............. 66 7.3.1 Planned measures of CO2 emissions reduction for the transport sector of the City of Tirana 66 7.3.2 Promotional, Informative and Educational Measures and Activities ...........................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Draft Assessment Report: Skopje, North Macedonia
    Highlights of the draft Assessment report for Skopje, North Macedonia General highlights about the informal/illegal constructions in North Macedonia The Republic of North Macedonia belongs to the European continent, located at the heart of the Balkan Peninsula. It has approx. 2.1 million inhabitants and are of 25.713 km2. Skopje is the capital city, with 506,926 inhabitants (according to 2002 count). The country consists of 80 local self-government units (municipalities) and the city of Skopje as special form of local self-government unit. The City of Skopje consists of 10 municipalities, as follows: 1. Municipality of Aerodrom, 2. Municipality of Butel, 3. Municipality of Gazi Baba, 4. Municipality of Gorche Petrov, 5. Municipality of Karpos, 6. Municipality of Kisela Voda, 7. Municipality of Saraj, 8. Municipality of Centar, 9. Municipality of Chair and 10. Municipality of Shuto Orizari. During the transition period, the Republic of North Macedonia faced challenges in different sectors. The urban development is one of the sectors that was directly affected from the informal/illegally constructed buildings. According to statistical data, in 2019 there was a registration of 886 illegally built objects. Most of these objects (98.4 %) are built on private land. Considering the challenge for the urban development of the country, in 2011 the Government proposed, and the Parliament adopted a Law on the treatment of unlawful constructions. This Law introduced a legalization process. Institutions in charge for implementation of the legalization procedure are the municipalities in the City of Skopje (depending on the territory where the object is constructed) and the Ministry of Transport and Communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Zagreb for Me
    Smart City – Good Practice Public Services and Infrastructures, Land Use Zagreb for Me Zagreb, Croatia Revitalization of Zagreb's public spaces using public participation as a tool “Zagreb for Me” is an ambitious and comprehensive project launched in 2015 by the Zagreb Society of Architects in cooperation with the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Zagreb and the City of Zagreb. The goal of the project is to start a revitalization of public spaces through the realization of 17 urban interventions in the whole city area at the same time. This distributed approach will improve the general “image of the city” and raise the quality of urban life in segments of housing, recreation, leisure and social cohesion [1]. Although Zagreb has some significant historical parks and squares in its centre, as well as a few recreational zones, the rest of the city has plenty of neglected open spaces that have no specific function. This project aims to decentralize designed public spaces and draw attention to some forgotten city spots. At the same time, the project, created from a “bottom-up” initiative, establishes a new model of public participation as well as new forms of collaboration. Country/ City Profile Country City Population (2013) 4.236 million [6] Population (2013) 790,000 (federal district) [9] Land area (km²) 56,590 [7] Land area (km²) 641 [10] GDP per capita (2014, 21,210 [8] GDP per capita (2011, 18,200 current international $, at US$) purchasing power parity) Region Middle / Region Inland Southeast Europe City’s physical Location Bordered by Medvednica mountain and the Sava river (flooding risk, urban heat) geography Relatively low altitude (~125m) Climate Oceanic continental climate near the humid continental climate (average temperature: 12.9 C°) with relatively warm summers (average summer temperature: 26°) and relatively cold winters Precipitation generally moderate throughout the year (average 880 mm/year) Initiating context The project, “Zagreb for Me”, arose from the “bottom-up” project called City Acupuncture.
    [Show full text]
  • GO BEYOND the DESTINATION on Our Adventure Trips, Our Guides Ensure You Make the Most of Each Destination
    ADVENTURES GO BEYOND THE DESTINATION On our adventure trips, our guides ensure you make the most of each destination. You’ll find hidden bars, explore cobbled lanes, and eat the most delectable meals. Join an adventure, tick off the famous wonders and discover Europe’s best-kept secrets! Discover more Travel Styles and learn about creating your own adventure with the new 2018 Europe brochure. Order one today at busabout.com @RACHAEL22_ ULTIMATE BALKAN ADVENTURE SPLIT - SPLIT 15 DAYS CROATIA Mostar SARAJEVO SERBIA ROMANIA SPLIT BELGRADE (START) BOSNIA Dubrovnik MONTENEGRO Nis BULGARIA KOTOR SKOPJE Budva MACEDONIA OHRID ITALY TIRANA ALBANIA Gjirokaster THESSALONIKI GREECE METEORA Delphi Thermopylae Overnight Stays ATHENS NEED TO KNOW INCLUSIONS • Your fantastic Busabout crew • 14 nights’ accommodation • 14 breakfasts • All coach transport @MISSLEA.LEA • Transfer to Budva • Orientation walks of Thessaloniki, Tirana, Gjirokaster, Nis and Split • Entry into two monasteries in Meteora The Balkans is the wildest part of Europe to travel in. You’ll be enthralled by the cobbled • Local guide in Mostar castle lanes, satiated by strange exotic cuisine, and pushed to your party limits in its • Local guide in Delphi, plus site and offbeat capitals. Go beyond the must-sees and venture off the beaten track! museum entrance FREE TIME Chill out or join an optional activity • 'Game of Thrones' walking tour in Dubrovnik DAY 5 | KALAMBAKA (METEORA) - THERMOPYLAE - ATHENS • Sunset at the fortress in Kotor HIGHLIGHTS We will visit two of the unique monasteries perched • Traditional Montenegrin restaurant dinner • Scale the Old Town walls of Dubrovnik high on top of incredible rocky formations of Meteora! • Bar hopping in Kotor • Breathtaking views of Meteora monasteries After taking in the extraordinary sights we visit the • Traditional Greek cuisine dinner • Be immersed in the unique culture of Sarajevo Spartan Monument in Thermopylae on our way to • Walking tour in Athens • Plus all bolded highlights in the itinerary Athens.
    [Show full text]
  • TRACE Case Studies Agenda
    ESMAP KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE FORUM WITH BILATERAL AGENCIES AFD, PARIS, NOVEMBER 27-28, 2012 IVAN JAQUES TRACE Case Studies Agenda WHERE HAS TRACE BEEN DEPLOYED? HOW IS TRACE HELPING IDENTIFY KEY SECTORS AND ACTIONS? WHAT ARE THE KEY ISSUES? WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT? TRACE AS PART OF A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY: - Europe and Central Asia: Sustainable Cities Initiative - East Asia and Pacific: Sustainable Energy and Emissions Planning (SUEEP) - Latin America and the Caribbean: Rio Low Carbon Development Program - Africa: Urban Energy Efficiency Development in Sub-Saharan Africa 2 TRACE DEPLOYMENT 3 TRACE deployment Completed In progress 4 5 HOW IS TRACE HELPING IDENTIFY KEY SECTORS AND ACTIONS? EXAMPLES IN ECA 6 Urban Transport Source: ECA Sustainable Cities Initiative Urban Transport Many cities in ECA are faced with widespread deterioration of existent public transport infrastructure and dramatic increase in number of private vehicles Trips in Public Transport in Macedonia Source: Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Macedonia, 2011 …Tbilisi (Georgia) completely lost its tram network Source: ECA Sustainable Cities Initiative Urban Transport Often, existent public transport infrastructure is old and energy inefficient Public Transport Energy Consumption in Tbilisi Source: ECA Sustainable Cities. 2011. Improving Energy Efficiency in Tbilisi: TRACE Study Source: ECA Sustainable Cities Initiative Urban Transport City streets and sidewalks are increasingly chocked up with private cars Congestion in Tbilisi On-sidewalk Parking in Skopje Source:
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Institutions Instruments
    FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INSTRUMENTS Lessons learnt from the Covenant of Mayors Community Financial instruments are a type of financing often characterised by the combination of EU funds and public or private sector finance, above all banks, but also credit unions, savings, and loans associations or investment companies. Such a cooperation aims to trigger investments on the ground to deliver policy objectives, such as economic, social and territorial cohesion and support environmental policy, such as climate action. In Europe, the European Investment Bank is one of the main banks which supports cities’ climate ambition, how- ever national banks also have a strong role to play in sup- porting the financing of Covenant of Mayors signatories Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP). The EIB already supports public authorities with a variety of instruments: Financial instruments, such as investment loans, framework loans, multisector urban and regional projects through EFSI (European funds for strategic investments), guarantees for local authorities and infrastructure investments or indirect financing through commercial and public sector banks at national level. Advisory services such as the European Investment Advisory Hub (EIAH or the Hub) which act as a single access point to various types of advisory and technical assistance services. Project development assistance, such as JASPERS and ELENA which provides grants for technical assistance focused on the implementation of energy efficiency, distributed renewable energy and urban transport programmes (see the dedicated Covenant booklet on project development assistance). © pixabay.com/@Micheile Henderson COLLABORATING WITH THE HOW DOES IT WORK? EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK (EIB) With its triple-A rating, the EIB raises funds on capital markets at favourable rates and, through its loans, passes on this financial advantage to its clients, such as local authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting of the CEI Parliamentary Assembly Rome, 7Th - 8 Th November 2019
    Meeting of the CEI Parliamentary Assembly Rome, 7th - 8 th November 2019 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ALBANIA Ms. Eglantina GJERMENI Head of the Delegation Ms. Ediola BRAHA MP Ms. Mirela CELA Secretary of the Delegation BULGARIA Mr. Valeri SIMEONOV Head of the Delegation Mr. Atanas KOSTADINOV MP Ms. Krastina TASKOVA MP Ms. Milena RADULOVA Secretary of the Delegation Ms. Natalia ANDREEVA Interpreter CROATIA Mr. Damir MATELJAN Head of the Delegation Mr. Stjepan ČURAJ MP Mr. Mihael ZMAJLOVIĆ MP Mr. Stjepan VUKAS Secretary of the Delegation CZECH REPUBLIC Mr. Petr DOLÍNEK Head of the Delegation Ms. Jitka CHALÁNKOVÁ Senator Ms. Jana NAVRÁTILOVÁ Secretary of the Delegation (Senate) Ms. Alena TUCKOVA Secretary of the Delegation (Chamber of Deputies) HUNGARY Mr. István VITÁNYI MP Mr. László LUKÁCS MP Ms. Karina BRANDENBURG Secretary of the Delegation ITALY President of the CEI PD Mr. Marco MAGGIONI Head of the Delegation Ms. Stefania ASCARI MP Ms. Patty L’ABBATE Senator Ms. Urania PAPATHEU Senator Mr. Raphael RADUZZI MP Ms. Debora SERRACCHIANI MP Ms. Laura LAI Secretary of the Delegation Ms. Tiziana GIANNOTTI Staff of the Chamber of Deputies Ms. Gabriella GINESE Staff of the Chamber of Deputies Ms. Manuela AMBROGIO Staff of the Chamber of Deputies Mr. Giuseppe TREZZA Staff of the Senate Ms. Monica DELLI PRISCOLI Staff of the Senate Ms. Antonella USIELLO Staff of the Senate MONTENEGRO Mr Miodrag VUKOVIĆ Head of the Delegation Mr Jasmin BOJADŽIĆ Secretary of the Delegation NORTH MACEDONIA Mr. Fadil ZENDELI Head of the Delegation Mr. Gligor STOIMENOV Secretary of the Delegation ROMANIA Ms. Rozália-Ibolya BIRÓ Head of the Delegation Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Financial Report
    2012 Financial Report Contents Page 3 This is Hilti 4 Key figures 5 Management report 7 The Board of Directors 10 Other key management personnel 12 Corporate governance 15 Consolidated financial statements of Hilti Group 19 Auditors’ report on the consolidated financial statements 78 Financial statements of Hilti Corporation 81 Auditors’ report on the financial statements of Hilti Corporation 92 Contact information 94 Next information 94 This is Hilti Page 4 This is Hilti We supply the construction industry with technologically superior products, systems and services. We provide innovative solutions that feature outstanding added value. We passionately create enthusiastic customers and build a better future with approximately 21,000 team members located in more than 120 countries around the world. We live clear values. Integrity, the courage to embrace change, teamwork and commitment are the foundations of our corporate culture. We combine long-term financial success with comprehensive responsibility toward society and the environment. Reciprocal tenets of openness, honesty and tolerance apply to team members, partners and suppliers alike. The goal of our strategy is to sustainably increase the value of the company. 201 Financial Report 2012 Financial Report Key figures Page 5 Key figures Key figures Page 6 Key financial information of Hilti Group 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 Results (CHF million / %) Net sales 4,204 3,998 3,930 3,845 4,700 Depreciation and amortization 196 216 213 200 185 Operating result 301 207 268 172 450 Net income before
    [Show full text]
  • Former Yugoslavia: Emergency Assistance
    FORMER YUGOSLAVIA: EMERGENCY 18 Novem ber ASSISTANCE appeal no. 01.29/97 situation report no. 4 period covered: June - 30 September 1997 Donations totaling USD 6 million from the US Government for International Federation operations in former Yugoslavia — combined with sizeable grants from the Swedish and Norwegian Governments and Red Cross Societies — ensured that operations which were threatened with closure in Croatia and the Federal Republic (FR) Yugoslavia can be sustained for the remainder of 1997. At the end of October the Federation launched a new international advocacy campaign forFR Yugoslavia which it hopes will generate interest and a response to the ongoing needs of refugees and other vulnerable groups there. Meanwhile, in October the General Assembly of the Red Cross of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was formally constituted and elected new office holders. The following month, the General Assembly of the Red Cross of Republika Srpska was held. The context Over 808,000 beneficiaries across former Yugoslavia are receiving assistance from the region’ s National Societies working alongside the International Federation, with its network of delegations in Belgrade, Sarajevo, Zagreb, and sub-delegations in Podgorica, Pristina and Osijek/Vukovar. Latest events Bosnia-Herzegovina Following rising tensions over the summer in Republika Srpska (RS) and the stand-off between the entity president Biljana Plavsic and the Pale leadership, political and civil unrest continued emergency appeal no. 01.29/97 situation report no. 4 in September. International community support for Plavsic and SFOR’s ‘Operation Tango’ provoked retaliatory attacks on various international organisations, and SFOR troops closed down the RS’s television station following “its tasteless compilation of outright lies”.
    [Show full text]
  • Montenegro Guidebook
    MONTENEGRO PREFACE Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro, lies in a broad plain crossed by five rivers and surrounded by mountains, just 20 kilometers from the Albanian border. The city has a population of around 180,000 people. Bombed into rubble during World War II, Podgorica was rebuilt into a modern urban center, with high-rise apartment buildings and new office and shopping developments. While the latest Balkan war had a low impact on the physical structures, the economic sanctions had a devastating effect on employment and infrastructure. With the help of foreign investment, urban renewal is evident throughout the city, but much of it may still appear run down. Podgorica has a European-style town center with a pedestrian- only walking street (mall) and an assortment of restaurants, cafes, and boutiques. To many, its principal attraction is as a base for the exploration of Montenegro’s natural beauty, with mountains and wild countryside all around and the stunning Adriatic coastline less than an hour away. This is a mountainous region with barren moorlands and virgin forests, with fast-flowing rivers and picturesque lakes; Skadar Lake in particular is of ecological significance. The coastline is known for its sandy beaches and dramatic coves: for example, Kotor – the city that is protected by UNESCO and the wonderful Cathedral of Saint Typhoon; the unique baroque Perast; Saint George and Our Lady of the Rock islands – all locations that tell a story of a lasting civilization and the wealth of the most wonderful bay in the world. The area around the city of Kotor is a UNESCO World Heritage site for its natural beauty and historic significance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Budapest Carnivals
    THE BUDAPEST CARNIVALS HX 632 Al W9 uojyt-7^0 TIRANA, I960 &.x m m THE BUDAPEST CAR NIVA LS THE «NAIM FRASHERI» PUBLISHING HOUSE TIRANA. 1968 LIBRARY ^ UNivtKsnrUNIVERSITY ui-OF ALBERTA3 THE COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARY BUDAPEST MEETING — A NEW TREACHEROUS STEP OF THE KHRUSHCHOVITE REVISIONISTS The revisionist leaders of Europe and of some other parties which mainly depend on them, will meet on February 26 in Budapest around the Khrushchovite leaders of the Soviet Union to discuss the ^preliminary arrangements for the new world communist forum*. In a previous article we have explained in detail the counter-revolutionary aims of this meeting and its purposes to oppose the re¬ volutionary and anti-imperialist struggle of the people. Today we shall dwell only on some aspects of the confused, contradictory and desperate at¬ mosphere, characterizing the revisionist pack on the threshold of a meeting for which the Soviet revisionists have not spared either big propaganda words or numerous material means. The Brezhnev-Kosygin clique has for several years tried through flattery, pressure, fraud and threats, to organize a big revisionist parade that would acclaim its line and recognize it as a supreme guide of the international communist movement*. It has pinned great hopes on this meeting which it has regarded as the promised land. In the first place, 3 being under the constant pressure of the people’s masses and upright communists, because of the incompatibility with its treacherous course of res¬ toration of capitalism at home and of collaboration with imperialism abroad, the revisionist leadership of the Soviet Union is seeking to deceive the Soviet people by telling them that its line cannot but be «Marxist-Leninist», since it has been ap¬ proved also at a large communist meeting which was attended by so many parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    Annual report www.eumayors.eu p.1 Covenant of Mayors - Europe 2019 Annual Report FOREWORD “Making Europe the first climate neutral continent by 2050 is our main ambition as the new European Commission. This means not only addressing the climate crisis, but also ensuring social justice, economic development, and well-being for all European citizens. We no longer have the luxury of time. The Commission before us has done a tremendous work building the necessary legislative framework that will allow us to transition to a clean and fair energy system. Now, our mission is to make it happen. For that, we need to reach out to the European citizens and the governments and institutions that serve them. We need to work in an open, inclusive and cooperative way. The European Covenant of Mayors movement is an excellent example of this inclusive and cooperative approach. For over ten years now, local governments from across Europe have voluntarily been taking bold commitments that they turn into local action. The movement now gathers over 9,200 signatory cities and towns, from all sizes and regions. Their average CO2 emission reduction goals for 2020 and 2030 are higher than the EU targets, and many of them have already developed strategies to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 - sometimes even earlier than that. The energy transition is about more than renewable energy or great technologies: it is about smart use of resources, while strengthening democracy and well-being in Europe. Cities and towns are where all these things come together. To become the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, we need pioneers who will lead the way.
    [Show full text]
  • Names in Multi-Lingual, -Cultural and -Ethic Contact
    Oliviu Felecan, Romania 399 Romanian-Ukrainian Connections in the Anthroponymy of the Northwestern Part of Romania Oliviu Felecan Romania Abstract The first contacts between Romance speakers and the Slavic people took place between the 7th and the 11th centuries both to the North and to the South of the Danube. These contacts continued through the centuries till now. This paper approaches the Romanian – Ukrainian connection from the perspective of the contemporary names given in the Northwestern part of Romania. The linguistic contact is very significant in regions like Maramureş and Bukovina. We have chosen to study the Maramureş area, as its ethnic composition is a very appropriate starting point for our research. The unity or the coherence in the field of anthroponymy in any of the pilot localities may be the result of the multiculturalism that is typical for the Central European area, a phenomenon that is fairly reflected at the linguistic and onomastic level. Several languages are used simultaneously, and people sometimes mix words so that speakers of different ethnic origins can send a message and make themselves understood in a better way. At the same time, there are common first names (Adrian, Ana, Daniel, Florin, Gheorghe, Maria, Mihai, Ştefan) and others borrowed from English (Brian Ronald, Johny, Nicolas, Richard, Ray), Romance languages (Alessandro, Daniele, Anne, Marie, Carlos, Miguel, Joao), German (Adolf, Michaela), and other languages. *** The first contacts between the Romance natives and the Slavic people took place between the 7th and the 11th centuries both to the North and to the South of the Danube. As a result, some words from all the fields of onomasiology were borrowed, and the phonological system was changed, once the consonants h, j and z entered the language.
    [Show full text]