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Studies on Uranium Minerals: Rutherfordine, Diderichite

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Studies on Uranium Minerals: Rutherfordine, Diderichite I-I STUDIES ON URANIUM MINERALS: RUTHERFORDINE, DIDERICHITE AND CLARKEITE By Clifford Frondel and Robert Meyrovitz Trace Elements Investigations Report IN REPLY REFER TO: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON 25. D.C. NOV24 1954 Br tt .Biillip L« Merritt, Assistant Director Division of Raw Materials Ue S 0 Atomic Energy Commission l6th and Constitution. Avenue, N« ¥« Washington 25, St«.C. Hear Foils 0!ransmitt^d herewith are three copies of TEI-47^* "Studies on uranium mineralsi Kutherfordine, diderichite, and clarkeite, 1' by Clifford Frondel and Robert Meyrowitz, October 195^» .We are asking Mr» Hosted to approve our plan to submit this report for publication in Afflerican Mineralogist * Chief Geologist 7 JUN 138- Geology and Mineralogy This document consists of Ik pages Series A» UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STUDIES ON URAIIUM MINERALS 5 RUTBERFOHDIIE , BIDERICHITEp AMD CLARKEITE* By Clifford Frondel and Robert Trace Elements Investigations Report This preliminary report is distributed "without editorial and technical review for conformity with official standards and nomenclature 0 It is not for public inspection or cfuotatioiu report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U 0 S» Atomic Energy Commission,, uses - GEOLOGY AID MINERALOGY Distribution (Series A) No. of copies Argonae national laboratory o««eoen>»»»<i«»»o.««a»»»»»»*9«o«*o»« 1 Atomic Energy Commission, Washington • O o»,»«o»»«»a»»*.ofr«vo»«* 2 Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus ,»»•«»..•«»•»«««•»«•«»» .1 Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Company9 Y-12 Area • ••«,.• »*•.»•»• 1 Division of Raw Materials, Albuquerque a.**,**.*.^****!*^*** 1 Division of Raw Materials, Butte «oo*aoaoo»ooe»oo«>i>e909<xK>o»o 1 Division of Raw Materials, Denver ao«>«o«»»*«o*»«»*«o»o<» 0 <* & o a o c » 1 Division of Raw Materials 9 Douglas eoooeo«»ooo*o»«>*<x»<K»*oe«»»o» 1 Division of Raw Materials, Hot Springs 000 ,« oa ov<><,oo 0 o 000 a 0 <>o 1 Division of Raw Materials, Ishpeming »«oao»*»»»»»<t»«<>»e<>e»«0« 1 Division of Raw Materials, Phoenix t> *oe«e 0<.*t.<»o<.o«><><'«'<*<>«x>»°»° 1 Division of Raw Materials, Richfield 0<>o«>oc 0 «>c.i>o*«°.«><t><>«,ooo 0 « 1 Division of Raw Jfeterials, Salt Lake City Bt,o^ Qe oooooe eC o<,o* e 1 Division of Raw Materials, Washington «» a0 o»«oft««9»»e»o»a«D*» 3 Dow Chemical Companys Pittsburg ooco««<>ooooooi>o»eut>oo(,oeoeooo 1 Exploration Division,, Grand Junction Operations Office 0 * ooot> 1 Grand Junction Operations Office e 0 <, ao * e » 0 <> 0 eo oa o<i> 0 oo*oo» 0 *<>* 1 National Lead Compauy, Wincheeter a 00 =.« 0 » 0 o«oo» ect. 0 «<.o«<, e »^ 0 p 1 Technical Information Service 9 OaJk Ridge O o 0 * 0<> i> a ooooo*o*ooo 0 6 Tennessee Valley Authority, Wilson Dam ootfo^^oooooooooooooo 1 U» S» Geological Surveys Alaskan feology Branch, Menlo Park 00 » t> 0 <>00 ** t,»* 0 <x><>»<>0»<>*«*o 1 Fuels Branchj, Washington «,ooooooooeoo«oo(»opo»&BBo««'(»oo«eo<>eo» 1 Geochemistry and Petrology Branch, Washington vvootveoooo**** 15 GeophyBics Branch, Washington » 0 *o*<> os. 0 oe<x>*o« 9 !>*»*o.<ix>o*o 0 <>o» 1 Mineral Deposits Branch, Washington 0 * cev(,o«opo0«oao«aoo«>o««>o« 1 Eo H t. Bailey, Menl© Park. oooe>oooooa«>oeooooQooo«e«t>ooo»«>oocoe* J. As. L« BrOtolf, Grand JUnCtiOn oooaooooooooeoooeeeoocoecoooooea 1 J» Rfr. CQOper j Denver fcoaoaeeoaa^oooooeooeaoaewoeso^eeooaoooo* •*- H» M» Denson, Denver o»<n?«,«>ooo*ooe«o0oo«»«>*e*»oo««»s>*ooee*o»«>» 1 Co E« Dutt On ji IfedlSOn ®a«j«»o®««ii»ooo<3iseoooeoo<j«»a0eK>e»«»»e*«o«>«» J- Wo L» Emerickj Plant City «,«f *»ol « e «o(,»«<»o,> oao.»€>o5»c. 0 e<f 0 <.€>«. <>»• 1 Le S*, Gardner, Albuquerque e R e&o«>ooooo*<>«j«>oooo«ieo»o*!>a«><.o«K>«o 1 Mo . R • Klepper j SpOkane eeccoBsoooooeccooooeoOooooooooaoceoopo •*• Ao H 9 KOSChmamip Denver 90 ee«ros«yaoooooosoai>ooooo«oooeocee«aoe 1 R o A o . Laurence, Knoxville tt»»« e oo»«>t><>c<>ooeo«>etfdo««>oo»oc«oe«oi* 1 DC Mo Lemmon, Washington ee.ooeooi>isffeo«>«>*ee«>»<>o«>o8*«>«'o«>«>«s8 <» si »« 1 Jo Do LOVe, Laramie ««c»o«oee«ooeoei>oo«.<>«>i>o.«>«ioe?l«>ff«o»»c>ae»o<>o 1 V».E» McKelVey, MenIO Park oBeopoeo^efreeoo^o^a^oaoooaoc** 1 P« C* Patton, Denver e o S,e e » e * a <. ocoe o<K>o<»«»eo««o«oo««>*«>ff*«o«oe. 1 J8 Fo Powersj, Salt Lake City 00fr «>eevo OC<* 0 « 9 eo 0 «c,<>e c.e»«oe 0 c»«,o»o 1 Q8 D« Singewald, Beltsville . e « 0 e«e e c«,o. ccoo »» oe «r 0 * OS) »« ft « 0 *<.o 1 J, F. Smith, Jr« , DenVer ..ooocooocooooos^^oooo^oooeoeoo^e^oe 1 A. E e Weissenborn, Spokane eP!, s,«, B «l<, ee e«,> <»o»9«>o«,ee.»<> *«.«>»«.»«.«e( « 1 TEPCO, Denver « 00 . 0 «*06 8 e»*6«ettoot>o0oee.»»«€.c><>..<j*oi>«»<» 0 » 0 <>6«<*e 0 2 TEPCO, RPS, Washington, (including master) a «>o<>o 0 »«><»««<><»«€,»«>«> _g_ . /\ D o ulTcLC w *Qoeoect«»ee4ftc*Qeeo6«>*freaQ6a«e6*eaGOA6Q cfrc»o*ftO0»ce-<* Rutherf ordine * 9 . e ,».e.«,e e c ec o«,o...ee»»coe<,o* e «,»«»«> e . ««**»•«» ^ Sharpite and studtite o.o«*o»»o««o*«»<>«e*». «•«»•••••»•••*••• 9 TABLES Page Table 1, Data summer ized from the literature on the natural uranyl carbonates »o eo » CO eo.* &e oe«<..o«>e»e 0 5 »* 7 X«ray diffraction powder spacing data for rutherf ordine O oo««<»»oe.o 0 <ll » (»<»«>o9c*«>»*o*»« Chemieal analysis of elarkeite from Rajput ana so «o 12 STUDIES ON URAHIUM MINERALS: RUTHERFCBDI1E, DXDERICHITE, AHB CLARKEITE By Clifford Frondel and Robert Meyrowitss ABSTRACT Rutherfordine, dideriehite, and a synthetic uranyl carbonate obtained by heating UOa in H20 under 15,000 psi C02 at 300°C afforded * identical X-ray ponder patterns and on analysis each yielded the for­ mula (UOsHCGb)* The name ruther for dine has priority* Two new localities are recorded for rutherfordine at Beryl Mountain,, New Hampshire, and Newryj Maine, where it occurs as a weathering product of uraninite in pegmatite 0 Rutherfordine occurs as crusts and aggregates of orthorhombic (f) fibers| biaxial positive, with a 10720-1.J25, P 1 0 728-1.730 ? 7 1.755-1.7605 Y along the fiber length. Clarkeite is described from its second known localityj the Ajmer district, Rajput-ana, India, where it occurs as microcrystalline, chocolate-brown alteration product of uraninite in pegmatite* Analysis yielded the formula (NajCajPbjThjJ^O^UgCOjH^O^j isostructural with Na2U207 and CaUsOy. Specific gravity 6.29, mean index of refraction 1.9^ - 1.97. RUTHERFORDIHE Four supposedly distinct uranyl carbonates have been described; rutherfordine, diderichite, sharpite, and studtite. The scant existing data for these minerals, summarized in table 1, make further study desirable 0 About 20 specimens labeled rutherfordine from the original Table l c -~Data summarized from the literature on the natural uranyl carbonates. Rutherfordine Diderichite .. Sharp ite Studite Symmetry Orthorhombic ? Orthorhombic ? Orthorhombie ? Orthorhombie ? Habit Aggregates of Fibrous crusts Fibrous crusts Fibrous crusts minute fibers Composition (U02 )(C03 )r? Slightly hydrated (UOaXCQaJ-D^O? Hydrated uranyl uranyl carbonate carbonate with Analys is Cited by Marckwald Qualitative tests Cited by Melon (1938) Qualitative tes~ (1906) only only Color Yellow Yellow-green Greenish yellow Yellow Specific gravity 4.82? — 3-33 =. Indices of 05 1.722 - 1*728 refraction (3 1*728 l".555 7 1.80 + 0 0 01 1.728J*> « | £•*>%=!!' - l«?4<JU ts j ^r 1,72, greenish yellow 1.68 Other optic Y = elong. Z. - elong. Z = elong o data Biaxial positive Y J- flattening Biaxial negativ 2V large 2V large Thermal data C02 lost over 300°C H20 lost 200~275°C C02 and H20 at 325°C Locality MorogorOj Tanganyika Katanga, Belgian Congo Katanga, Belgian Congo Katanga , Belgia; References Marckwald (1906) Vaes (19^7) Melon (1938) Vaes (19^7) Larsen (1921) locality at Morogoro, Tanganyika, Africa, were available for study. Most of these specimens -were found to consist variously of kasolite, uranophane, and hydrated lead uranyl oxides as alteration zones about cubes of uraninite, and only two contained a uranyl carbonate* The latter mineral was earthy to pulverulent in consistency, with a pale brownish-yellow to straw-yellow color and dull luster. Under the microscope the mineral appeared as minute fibers and lathlike subparal- lel aggregates^ biaxial positive, with a 1.723 (X = nearly colorless), £ 1.730 (Y = pale yellow), 7 1,760 (Z = pale greenish yellow); extinction parallel, with Y along the elongation and *L perpendicular to the flattening* The mineral probably is orthorhombic* A new chemi­ cal analysis, made on material known to contain a small amount of kasolite, is close to the original analysis of Marekwald (1906), Both analyses, cited in table 2, have been recalculated after deducting the Pb and Ca, as kasolite and uranophane, together with the HgO-j iron oxide, and residual Si or Ga 0 The ratios then are close to the formula (UOg)(C03 ), originally given for this mineral by Marekwald (1906) and later accepted by Melon (1938) a&d others, The X-ray powder spacing data are given in table 3» These data are virtually identical with those given by Miller, Pray, and Munger (19^9) for synthetic (UO^XCOs), and are identical with those afforded by a product I/ obtained by heating precipitated UQ3 »nH2Q at 300°C under 15,000 psi C02 » An analysis of the latter substance, given in table 2, affords the formula (U02 )(C03 ). This material was found to contain a small amount of UaOs formed by thermal dissociation of the UOs, accounting I/ Prepared for us by Miss E* Berman and Dr, G« Kennedy, Harvard University, 1953- Table 2.--Chemical analyses of uranyl carbonates l, 2.
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