11188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19, 1986 SENATE-Monday, May 19, 1986 The Senate met at 12 noon and was As previously agreed to some time dom of movement, the freedom of reli­ called to order by the President pro ago, we will be in adjournment for the gion. tempore [Mr. THURMOND]. Memorial Day recess until Monday, Mrs. Bonner is getting ready to leave June 2. That will start effective the the United States, to return to her PRAYER close of business Wednesday, May 21. husband and their life in internal The Chaplain, the Reverend Rich­ On June 2, we will convene at 2 p.m. exile. Mrs. Bonner has whiffed the ard C. Halverson, D.D., offered the fol­ rather th~.m 12 noon. We will do that winds of freedom, she has exulted in lowing prayer: by consent. the homely pleasures of family life in Let us pray. It is still our intention to call up the American suburbia; she has bathed in God be merciful unto us, and bless tax reform bill very early upon our the warmth and beauty of a Caribbean us; and cause his face to shine upon return. I met with the Budget Com­ beach; she has lived in an open and us; that thy way may be known upon mittee chairman hoping we could ex­ democratic society. earth, thy saving health among all na­ pedite consideration of a 303 wavier It is ironic, that just as she was pre­ tions. Let the people praise thee, 0 request so we would be prepared to paring to return to a closed life in the God; let all the people praise thee. 0 let start on the tax bill, if not on Monday, closed city of Gorky, Anatoly Shchar­ the nations be glad and sing for joy; June 2, on Tuesday, June 3, or no later ansky, the recently freed Soviet dissi­ for thou shall judge the people right­ than Wednesday, June 4. dent, was beginning his first trip to eously and govern the nations upon There will also probably be pending the United States. For those of us who earth.-Psalms 67:1-4. at that time the President's veto of had the pleasure and honor to meet God of mercy, so easily we become the resolution of disapproval of the with Mr. Shcharansky, his joy at being spiritually disoriented. We drift with­ Saudi arms sale. I am not certain when free was patently obvious, even after a out an anchor. Losing our magnetic that veto will occur, but that will be grueling schedule. north we wander without direction pending, I assume, when we return, But at the same time, he made it and purpose. Help us return to Thee 0 unless disposed of before we leave. very clear that while enjoying his new God that we may connect with our I would suggest to my colleagues life in Israel, he will relentlessly cam­ spiritual and moral roots. For the sake that June 2 is also the first day of paign for the right of the 400,000 of our stewardship as national leaders public televising of Senate proceed­ Soviet Jews who wish to emigrate, and and for Your glory. Amen. ings. We will, as I said, begin on that for the thousands of dissidents who day at 2 o'clock. remain in Soviet prison camps. RECOGNITION OF THE Mrs. Bonner, Mr. Shcharansky, and MAJORITY LEADER YELENA BONNER'S CALL FOR all Soviets held against their will, want PEACE something as basic as a house and as The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The awesome as freedom and peace. able majority leader, Senator DoLE, is Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, yesterday As Mrs. Bonner wrote: recognized. the Washington Post's Outlook sec­ I want a house. I don't want war. Ameri­ tion ran an article written by Yelena cans want a house, too. Americans don't Bonner, Soviet dissident and wife of want war. SCHEDULE Andrei Sakharov. Her message was Mr.·DOLE. Mr. President, under the simple and straightforward: Americans . Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ standing order, the leaders will have want peace. They want the freedom to sent to include the text of Mrs. Bon­ 10 minutes each, followed by special live in their own homes, raise their ner's remarks in the RECORD. orders in favor of Senators HAWKINS, families, pursue their careers. They do There being no objection, the re­ MATTINGLY, and PROXMIRE-the distin­ not want war. They want peace. marks were ordered to be printed in guished Senator from South Carolina, Yelena Bonner, who has been in the the RECORD, as follows: Senator THURMOND, is scheduled to de­ West for the past 5 months being AMERICANs DoN'T WANT WAR-THEY WANT liver the Hawkins special order-and treated for medical problems, recog­ HOUSES, WITH YARDS, AND So Do I routine morning business not to nized two overriding American charac­ (By Yelena Bonner> extend beyond the hour of 1 p.m., teristics-the desire for privacy and in­ the Senate will resume consideration ably never will: I am convinced that Americans want of S. 2180, the Federal Fire Prevention peace. I don't know about Am.erica-I'm not My dream, my own house, is unattainable a specialist, like the schoolchildren who and Control Act. No votes will occur for me and my family-that is for my hus­ travel around the world on peace missions prior to the hour of 3 p.m., and no band and myself, as unattainable as Heaven and can explain everything about rockets votes will occur after the hour of 6 on Earth. and so on. But while I am not as competent p.m. today. Why so unattainable? Because she to judge, I maintain that Americans do not There will be a number of votes, I and her husband had the audacity to want war. would assume, on Tuesday and challenge the Soviet Government, to What Americans want is a house. No Wednesday. We hope to begin consid­ speak out against its abuses, and to matter their place on the social ladder, their eration of H.R. 4515, the supplemental dare to ask to leave. But even if they salary, capital, inheritance, winnings in the appropriations bill later today or early hadn't, the opportunity for something lottery or on the stock market (for me with my lack of education in these matters it is tomorrow. There will be votes on that as basic as owning your own home in almost one and the same, even though I do throughout Tuesday and we could be the Soviet Union is as rare as a 5-per­ know that people win more frequently-and asked to remain in late on Tuesday or cent mortgage rate in the United lose more frequently!-playing the stock Wednesday to complete action on the States. But then, so are other basics, market than the lottery), they want a house supplemental. like the freedom of speech, the free- of their own.

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. May 19, 1986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11189 They want a house and the ground it Then there was the army. I guess there Long, hot hours on the white, hot sand; stands on, and a surrounding bit of land. was a time when my "house" was a compart­ the sea-light blue, dark blue, turquoise. That's all. Some own a tiny house, like a toy ment in the hospital train, where I was head The bay is small-even with my ailing legs I cottage, and the only soil is in their flower nurse. The war ended, and many people managed to wander all the way to its left boxes; others have lots of bedrooms, baths, shared my room with me, like girl friends in point one day, and to its right on another. I and extensive lawns. The desire to own a Leningrad after the evacuation was over. will always remember that arc, a smooth house is not a class ambition; it encompasses Later, we had a room in a communal apart­ edge of sand, and the sea, which doesn't upper, middle, upper-middle, or lower­ ment-my first husband, two children, my roar, but whispers, babbles. I'm afraid of income groups, and is an expression of a na­ mother, and I; often we had friends staying tional trait, a desire for privacy. the night. There were 48 people in one lapsing into sentimentality error, is our modern space and that paid him so extraordinarily well? The resolution that I am submitting nuclear technology. A couple of Why did this top computer expert say today will pledge our resolve to months ago, we suffered the heart­ he would not take the taxpayer's achieve that goal. I urge all my col­ breaking shuttle disaster. Seven gal­ money? Answer: Dr. Parnas said the leagues to join me in this effort. lant astronauts perished. Since then strategic defense initiative would Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ NASA has endured a series of blowup, never work. sent that the resolution be printed in blowout failures with other space vehi­ Mr. President, one of the achieve­ the RECORD at this point. cles. Then, more recently, the Soviet ments that makes Americans proud of There being no objection, the resolu­ nuclear plant near Kiev went through our country is the remarkable number tion was ordered to be printed in the a meltdown with the expulsion of ra­ of our scientists who have won Nobel RECORD, as follows: dioactive pollution that endangered Prizes as the most eminent experts in S. RES. 409 the life and health of Russians and the world. I have a list of some of Whereas previous, constant, and conflict­ residents of other European countries. these Nobel Prize winners who have ing policy changes in the tax code by the We live with the eerie realization that announced their opposition to star Congress make it difficult for individuals to such a nuclear utility disaster could wars. A number of these world-cele­ properly plan for their future; occur whenever nuclear energy is gen­ brated scientists who strongly oppose Whereas such constant and conflicting SDI or star wars have special expertise policy changes by the Congress retard cap­ erated. ital formation by increasing risk; The space and nuclear disasters with respect to both space and nuclear Whereas such constant and conflicting should warn us of how utterly unreal­ weapons. Keep in mind that each of policy changes by the Congress place undue istic it would be for this country to these experts has won the Nobel Prize burdens on individuals and businesses by re­ rely on a nuclear-space defense such for excellence in their field. For exam­ quiring the otherwise unnecessary utiliza­ as the strategic defense initiative or ple, Hans Bethe, who made the princi­ tion of financial resources in anticipation of star wars. Star wars would have not pal contribution to the development of such changes and modifications; one or two or three components any the hydrogen bomb; Philip Anderson · Whereas the Internal Revenue Service is drained of limited resources in trying to one of which could easily fail. It would of the physics department at Prince­ adapt to such changes in the tax code, and have literally thousands of interde­ ton; James W. Cronin of the Enrico the ensuing problems are in turn trans­ pendent components. It would be co­ Fermi Institute at the University of ferred to taxpayers; ordinated by a gigantic computer di­ Chicago; Donald Glazer, professor of Whereas one of the greatest burdens rected system. What are the odds that physics at the University of California placed upon small businesses is the paper­ somewhere, sometime, somehow, such at Berkeley; Tsung-Dao Lee of the de­ work required to comply with the tax code, a system that required timing to the partment of physics, Columbia Univer­ and constant changes by Congress unneces­ millisecond with literally millions of sity; E.M. Purcell, Lyman Laboratory sarily compound this paperwork burden; Whereas any tax reform legislation passed separate calculations would go wrong? of Physics at Harvard University; by the Congress should stimulate economic Answer: They are overwhelming. James Rainwater, professor of physics growth, encourage investment, promote cap­ Mr. President, if any one scientist at Columbia University; Steve Wein­ ital formation, expand job opportunities, could give an answer to this question berg, department of physics at the and encourage savings; and it would be David Parnas. Dr. Parnas University of Texas; and Kenneth Whereas the American taxpayer deserves was so highly considered by the De­ Wilson of the Laboratory of Nuclear certainty in the tax treatment of economic fense Department as an expert on star Studies at Cornell University. decisions: Now therefore, be it wars computer technology that SDI Mr. President, there is no Member of Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate that the tax reform legislation, paid him $1,000 a day as a consultant Congress who can begin to have the when that bill is signed into law, remain un­ on star wars. Dr. Parnas has had a understanding of the technological changed for a minimum of five years, so as long and successful record in working problems involved in space-based de­ to provide stability for the American tax­ with the Defense Department. Since fense against nuclear weapons of the payer and the private sector. Dr. Parnas is one of the outstanding kind these scientists have. Again and May 19, 1986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11193 again, these experts tell us that SDI Joseph W. Chamberlain, Department of Thomas Gold, Professor, Center for Ra­ cannot work. It will not protect the Space Physics and Astronomy, Rice Univer­ diophysics and Space Research, Cornell American people against nuclear sity. University. attack. They contend that it will, in Owen Chamberlain, Lawrence Berkeley Leo Goldberg, Kitt Peak National Observ­ Laboratory, University of California at atory. fact, increase the risk of nuclear war. Berkeley; Nobel Laureate. Gertrude S. Goldhaber, Department of They argue that it will stimulate a Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Laborato­ Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory. dangerous competition in offensive nu­ ry for Astrophysics and Space Research; Maurice Goldhaber. AUI Distinguished clear arms. They call for superpower Nobel Laureate. Scientist, Department of Physics, Brookha­ negotiations to achieve arms control Mildred Cohn, Benjamin Rush Professor ven National Laboratory. agreements as the far better alterna­ of Physiological Chemistry, University of Leo A. Goodman, C.L. Hutchinson Distin­ tive. Pennsylvania. guished Service Professor, Department of Peter S. Conti, Chairman and Professor, Statistics, University of Chicago. Finally, Mr. President, here we have George W. Greenlees, Professor of Phys­ the most complex technology that Astrophysics, Planetary & Atmospheric Sci­ ences, University of Colorado. ics, University of Minnesota. mankind has ever attempted to A.M. Cormack, Department of Physics, George S. Hammond, Director, Laborato­ achieve. We have just been heart­ Tufts University; Nobel Laureate. ry for Energy and Chemical Process Re­ breakingly reminded of the fallibility Ernest D. Courant, Senior Physicist, search, Allied Chemical Corporation. of far simpler nuclear and space tech­ Brookhaven National Laboratory. Bernhard Haurwitz, Department of At­ nology. The Challenger disaster and Andre Cournand, Columbia University mospheric Science, Colorado State Universi­ College of Physicians; Nobel Laureate. ty. the Chernobyl meltdown are still vivid David S. Heeschen, National Radio As­ in our minds. Some experts tell us that Albert V. Crewe, Physical Sciences Divi­ tronomy Observatory. SDI will cost the taxpayers of this sion, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Victor E. Henrich, Professor of Applied country a trillion dollars or more. We Chicago. Physics, Yale University. know we can never test it under any­ James W. Cronin. Enrico Fermi Institute, Gerhard P. Hochschild, Professor, Depart­ University of Chicago; Nobel Laureate. ment of Mathematics, University of Califor­ thing approaching realistic conditions. Margaret B. Davis, Professor of Ecology, Does anyone really believe that star nia at Berkeley. University of Minnesota. Wassily Hoeffding, Department of Statis­ wars can work and work perfectly the Frank D. Drake, Dean of Natural Sci­ tics, University of North Carolina. first time it is ever challenged? This is ences, University of California at Santa Ronald Hoffman, Department of Chemis­ what it will have to do. Here is one Cruz. try, Cornell University; Nobel Laureate. Senator who will tell you the answer Sidney D. Drell, Stanford Linear Accelera­ Robert Hofstadter, Department of Phys­ is: "No way." tor Center, Stanford University. ics, Varian Lab of Physics, Stanford Univer­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ Lee Alvin DuBridge, President Emeritus, sity; Nobel Laureate. sent that a list of the Nobel Prize-win­ California Institute of Technology; former­ Robert W. Holley, Salk Institute for Bio­ ly, Presidential Science Advisor. logical Studies; Nobel Laureate. ning American scientists who oppose George A. Dulk, Professor, Astrophysical, Dorothy M. Horstmann. Senior Research the star wars operations be printed in Planetary, & Atmospheric Sciences, Univer­ Scientist, Yale University School of Medi­ the RECORD. sity of Colorado. cine. There being no objection, the list Walter M. Elsasser, Department of Earth M. King Hubbert, Professor of Geology was ordered to be printed in the and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins Uni­ and Geophysics Emeritus, Stanford Univer­ RECORD, as follows: versity. sity. Philip W. Anderson, Physics Department, John F. Enders, University Professor of David H. Hubel, Department of Neurobio­ Princeton University; Nobel Laureate. Bacteriology and Immunology Emeritus, logy, Harvard Medical School; Nobel Laure­ C.B. Anfinsen, Department of Biology, Harvard Medical School; Nobel Laureate. ate. Johns Hopkins University; Nobel Laureate. Katherine Esau, Professor of Botany Charles Huggins, Ben May Laboratory for Kenneth J. Arrow, Joan Kenney Professor Emeritus, University of California at Santa Cancer Research, University of Chicago; of Economics, Stanford University; Nobel Barbara. Nobel Laureate. Bernard T. Feld, Professor of Physics, John R. Huizenga, Tracy H. Harris, Pro­ Laureate. fessor of Chemistry and Physics, University Julius Axelrod, National Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Herman Feshbach, Department of Phys­ of Rochester. Mental Health; Nobel Laureate. Donald M. Hunten, Professor of Planetary Robert F. Bacher, Professor of Physics ics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Val L. Fitch, Joseph Henry Laboratories, Sciences, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Emeritus, California Institute of Technolo­ University of Arizona. gy; formerly, Head, Experimental Physics Princeton University; Nobel Laureate. Marshall Fixman, Departments of Chem­ Robert T. Jones, Senior Research Associ­ Division, Los Alamos Laboratory. ate, NASA Ames Research Center. Kenneth T. Bainbridge, G.V. Leverett istry and Physics, Colorado State Universi­ ty. Leo P. Kadanoff, Professor of Physics, Professor of Physics, Emeritus, Harvard James Franck Institute and Enrico Fermi University. Paul Flory, Professor of Chemistry, Stan­ ford University; Nobel Laureate. Institute. University of Chicago. David Baltimore, Director, Whitehead In­ H. Gobind Khorana, Department of Biol­ stitute for Biomedical Research; Nobel Lau­ William A. Fowler, Institute Professor of Physics Emeritus, W.K. Kellogg Radiation ogy and Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute reate. of Technology; Nobel Laureate. John Bardeen, Department of Physics, Laboratory, California Institute of Technol­ ogy; Nobel Laureate. Walter Kohn, Former Director and University of Illinois; Nobel Laureate. Professor, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Gordon A. Baym, Department of Physics, Hans Frauenfelder, Department of Phys­ University of California at Santa Barbara. University of Illinois. ics, University of Illinois. Arthur Kornberg, Department of Bio­ Baruj Benacerraf, Department of Patholo­ Jerome I. Friedman, Chairman and Pro­ chemistry, Stanford University Medical gy, Harvard Medical School; Nobel Laure­ fessor, Department of Physics, Massachu­ School; Nobel Laureate. ate. setts Institute of Technology. William L. Kraushaar, Department of Paul Berg, Wilson Professor of Biochemis­ Charlotte Friend, Center for Experimen­ Physics, University of Wisconsin. try, Stanford University School of Medicine; tal Cell Biology, City University of New Polykarp Kusch, Eugene McDermott Pro­ Nobel Laureate. York. fessor of Physics, University of Texas, Hans A. Bethe, Newman Laboratory for D. Carleton Gajdusek, National Institutes Dallas; Nobel Laureate. Nuclear Studies, Cornell University; Nobel of Health; Nobel Laureate. Tsung-Dao Lee, Department of Physics, Laureate. Richard L. Garwin, IBM Fellow and Sci­ Columbia University; Nobel Laureate. Konad E. Bloch, Department of Chemis­ ence Advisor to Director of Research, T.J. Wassily Leontief, Institute for Economic try, Harvard University; Nobel Laureate. Watson Research Center, IBM Corporation. Analysis, New York University; Nobel Lau­ Norris Edwin Bradbury, formerly, Direc­ Donald A. Glaser, Professor of Physics reate. tor, Los Alamos Science Laboratory; winner, and Molecular Biology, University of Cali­ Luna B. Leopold, Department of Geology Enrico Fermi Award. fornia at Berkeley; Nobel Laureate. and Geophysics, University of California at E. Margaret Burbidge, Director, Center Sheldon Lee Glashow, Professor of Phys­ Berkeley. for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Uni­ ics, Lyman Laboratory, Harvard University; Fritz Lipmann, Professor of Biochemistry, versity of California at San Diego. Nobel Laureate. Rockefeller University; Nobel Laureate.

71-059 0-87-30 (Pt. 8) 11194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19, 1986 William N. Lipscomb, Department of Robert G. Sachs, Professor of Physics, and raises serious challenges for Fed­ Chemistry, Harvard University; Nobel Lau­ Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of eral, State, and local public policy­ reate. Physics, University of Chicago. not to mention the serious risks it pre­ Francis E. Low, Massachusetts Institute of Carl Sagan, Duncan Professor of Astrono­ Technology. my, Cornell University; author, "Cosmos". sents for the young mother-it is im­ Salvador E. Luria, Institute Professor of Ruth Sager, Chief, Division of Cancer Ge­ portant to realize that births to teen­ Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ netics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. agers represent a declining proportion nology; Nobel Laureate. Arthur L. Schawlow, J.G. Jackson & C.J. of all births in this country. Willem J. Luyten, Space Science Center, Wood Professor, Department of Physics, That's right, a declining proportion. University of Minnesota. Stanford University, Nobel Laureate. And that drop holds true even when J. Ross Macdonald, William Rand Kenan, Glenn T. Seaborg, Lawrence Berkeley Jr. Professor of Physics, Department of Laboratory, University of California at you take into account the fact that Physics and Astronomy, University of North Berkeley; Nobel Laureate. there are fewer teenagers today than Carolina. Emilio Segre, Department of Physics, Uni­ just a few years ago. Robert E. Marshak, University Distin­ versity of California at Berkeley. Here is a chart that shows that the guished Professor, Physics Department, Vir­ Herbert A. Simon, Professor of Computer percentage of babies born to teenagers ginia Polytechnic Institute. Science and Psychology, Carnegie-Mellon dropped from 19 percent to 14 percent Barbara McClintock, Cold Spring Harbor University; Nobel Laureate. over the 7 years from 1975 to 1982. Laboratory; Nobel Laureate. Maxine F. Singer, Chief, Laboratory of Edwin M. McMillan, Lawrence Berkeley Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, Meanwhile, the percentage born to Laboratory, University of California at National Institutes of Health. mothers over 30 had increased from 17 Berkeley; Nobel Laureate. B.F. Skinner, Professor of Psychology percent up to 22 percent. Dimitri M. Mihalas, Senior Scientist, High Emeritus, Harvard University; author, As you can see, Mr. President, all Altitude Observatory, National Center for "Walden Two". births to teenagers dropped consist­ Atmospheric Research. Cyril Stanley Smith, Institute Professor ently and dramatically since 1975. In Phillip Morrison, Institute Professor of of Metallurgy Emeritus, Massachusetts In­ that year, teenage mothers accounted Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ stitute of Technology; formerly, Associate for 19 percent in 1975. Today, teen­ nology. Division Leader for Metallurgy, Los Alamos Norman F. Ness, Laboratory for Extrater­ Laboratory, Presidential Science Advisor. agers account for fewer than 14 per­ restrial Physics, NASA. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, Director of Re­ cent of all births. Elizabeth F. Neyfeld, Department of Bio­ search, Woods Hole Marine Biological Labo­ By contrast, the percentage of births logical Chemistry, University of California ratory; Nobel Laureate. for women over 30 has risen just as at Los Angeles School of Medicine. Henry Taube, Department of Chemistry, consistently and significantly. In 1975, Edward P. Ney, School of Physics and As­ Stanford University; Nobel Laureate. women over 30 accounted for fewer tronomy, University of Minnesota. Lewis Thomas, President Emeritus, Me­ than 17 percent of all births. By 1978 Alfred 0. C. Nier, School of Physics and morial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; the two curves-teenage mothers and Astronomy, University of Minnesota. author, "Lives of the Cell," "Medusa and Severo Ochos, Distinguished Member, the Snail". mothers over 30-crossed and mothers Roche Institute of Molecular Biology; Nobel James Tobin, Department of Economics, over 30 now account for over 22 per­ Laureate. Yale University; Nobel Laureate. cent of all births in this country. George E. Palade, Section of Cell Biology, J.A. Van Allen, Professor of Physics, Uni­ Mr. President, there· is no question Yale University School of Medicine; Nobel versity of Iowa. that teenage pregnancy remains an Laureate. George Wald, Biological Laboratories, important issue for Federal, State, and Mary-Lou Pardue, Biology Department, Harvard University; Nobel Laureate. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. local policymakers and I am not at­ J.D. Watson, Director, Cold Spring tempting to minimize it in the least. Linis Pauling formerly Chair, Division of Harbor Laboratory; Nobel Laureate. Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Cali­ Steven Weinberg, Department of Physics, But we must keep the problem in its fornia Institute of Technology; Nobel Lau­ University of Texas; Nobel Laureate. proper perspective and there has reate for both Chemistry and Peace David Jerome B. Wiesner, formerly, President, indeed been progress in reducing Pines, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Institute of Technology; births to teenagers. Illinois. Chairman, Technology Assessment Advisory George W. Preston III, Mount Wilson and Council of the U.S. Congress; Staff Director, Las Campanas Observatories, Carnegie In­ U.S. Delegation to the Geneva Conference ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS stitution of Washington. for the Prevention of Surprise Attack; Presi­ E. M. Purcell, Lyman Laboratory of Phys­ dential Science Advisor. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under ics, Harvard University; Nobel Laureate. Kenneth G. Wilson, Laboratory of Nucle­ the previous order, there will be a L. James Rainwater, Professor of Physics, period for the transaction of routine Columbia University; Nobel Laureate. ar Studies, Cornell University; Nobel Laure­ Norman F. Ramsey, Higgins Professor of ate. morning business not to extend Physics, Harvard University; formerly, Robert R. Wilson, Newman Laboratory, beyond the hour of 1 p.m., with state­ Head, Delivery Group, Los Alamos Labora­ Department of Physics, Cornell University. ments therein limited to 5 minutes tory, and first Science Advisor to NATO. Robert W. Wilson, Head, Radio Physics each. Helen M. Ranney, Chair, Department of Research Department, Bell Laboratories; Medicine, University of California at San Nobel Laureate. Evelyn M. Witkin, Barbara McClintock Diego. · HEALTH RESEARCH FUNDS Sarah Ratner, Member Emeritus, Depart­ Professor of Genetics, Waksman Institute ment of Biochemistry, Pubic Health Insti­ of Microbiology, Rutgers University. Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. President, This tute of the City of New York. This list includes few of the better-known past month, both the Senate and Richard J. Reed, Professor, Department signatories to the Appeal. The full list in­ House of Representatives passed their of Atmospheric Sciences, University of cludes fifty-four Nobel Laureates, a majori­ own versions of the fiscal year 1987 Washington. ty of the National Academy of Sciences, and budget resolution. Passage by both Roger Revelle, Professor of Science and many other members of the scientific com­ munity. Chambers is only the first step in en­ Public Policy, Program in Science, Technol­ As ogy & Public Affairs, University of Califor­ acting a 1987 budget. a member of both the Senate Appropriations and nia at San Diego. MYTH OF THE DAY: THE Julia Robinson, Professor of Mathematics, Budget Committees, I am involved in University of California at Berkeley. NUMBER OF CHILDREN BORN every step of this process. Vera C. Rubin, Professor of Terrestrial TO TEENAGERS IS RISING It is through the Appropriations Magnetism, Carnegie Institute. Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the Committee, and in particular, my Elizabeth S. Russell, Senior Staff Scien­ myth of the day is that the number of membership on the Labor, Health, tist, Jackson Laboratory. Albert S. Sabin, Emeritus Distinguished children born to teenagers is growing Human Services, and Education Sub­ Service Professor, University of Cinicinnati by leaps and bounds. committee, that I often learn of the College of Medicine; developer of oral polio While there is no question that teen­ numerous accomplishments continual­ vaccine. age pregnancy is a serious problem ly occurring in biomedical research. I May 19, 1986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11195 have had the privilege of sitting on partnership of government and science, the the individual agony of 1.8 million Alzhei­ this subcommittee with its most distin­ nation faced polio, measles, rubella, dipth­ mer's victims, gradually robbed of their guished chairman, the senior Senator eria, scarlet fever and more. Each in tum memory, their ability to function, and final­ was silenced. ly, their lives. There are the newborn who from Connecticut, LOWELL P. WEICiaR. The historian Will Durant has said, "The will never testify to anything other than Senator WEICKER's tireless efforts as health of nations is more important than being part of an inexcusable statistic that chairman of the subcommittee have the wealth of nations." He was saying no ranks this most prosperous of nations seven­ enabled millions to pursue higher edu­ more than is said a hundred times a day in teenth in infant mortality worldwide. cation and countless others to reap personal conversations. " If you've got your Year after year in the appropriations the benefits that emerge daily from health, you've got everything." But what is process of the federal government, we fill countless laboratories and hospitals said personnally is not being contemporane­ the well of compassion with stories of hurt­ across our Nation. ously stated as national policy. ing and dying. And we assume by the depth Through the leadership of Senator The statistics of medicine and budgets of this well that it can satisfy what surely belie the importance each of us puts on must be a hardened political establishment WEICKER, the Senate passed a budget health. that continually fails to properly fund resolution that will allow the National Each year, 855,000 Americans are diag­ health research efforts. Insititutes of Health, our major arm nosed as having cancer and about half will We sit in our living rooms night after for biomedical research, to continue die from the disease. night tuned into the separate profiles in making further breakthroughs in such 100,000 Americans will die this year as a courage of the diseased and their families. dreaded diseases as AIDS, cancer, result of allergic and infectious diseases. In the last month alone, the programs have heart disease, alzheimers, cystic fibro­ Thousands of infants die each year in this included one about Father Damien, who sis, and countless others. country as a result of Respiratory Distress worked with the lepers of Molokai, one Two weeks ago, Senator WEICKER Syndrome. about Alex Deford, who lost her battle with 300 million people worldwide are afflicted cystic fibrosis and a drama concerning a spoke before a special academic convo­ with Malaria and each year one million will young man's battle with AIDS. cation of the Albert Einstein College die of the disease. Each night before these programs aired as of Medicine. His remarks eloquently il­ 15 million Americans suffer from chronic entertainment, the nightly news, brought us lustrate both the necessity and urgen­ lung disease. disaster of a different sort. A nuclear acci­ cy for increasing health research 60 million Americans suffer from heart dent in the Soviet Union, actions and reac­ funds. I strongly urge my colleagues to disease. tions to terrorism, the loss of a space shut­ read both our distinguished col­ 3.5 million Americans are disabled by tle. league's address and to remember his stroke or other injuries to the nervous And toward the end of each item of news, remarks the next time our Nation's system. there follows a vow from political leaders In the budget, the nation's domestic and others involved that the tragedy will be health care budget is debated on the needs, led by health care, have lost badly in treated with a renewed resolve, a redoubling Senate floor. the past five years. A chart of federal spend­ of effort. The legacy of disaster in this There being no objection, the speech ing includes the categories of defense, inter­ nation is almost always a commitment to was ordered to be printed in the est on the national debt, entitlement pro­ overcoming rather than walking away from RECORD, as follows: grams and non-defense discretionary pro­ the problem. REMARKS OF SENATOR LOWELL WEICKER, JR., grams. A 1980 version of that chart would But disease is somehow successfully por­ BEFORE A SPECIAL ACADEMIC CONVOCATION show that this latter category received 25 trayed as nothing more than individual OF ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE percent of the budget. The 1985 share for dramas of persistence. Mark Twain said we First, let me congratulate Dr. Peter Davies that category was 17 percent. can easily learn to endure adversity as long and his colleagues for their recent research Since one percent of the budget is ap­ as it is another man's. And if that other breakthrough relative to diagnosing Alzhei­ proximately nine billion dollars, this eight man, or woman, or child is faced with Cystic mer's disease. As a layman, I've often won­ percent decline means the federal share for Fibrosis, Arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, Leu­ dered what it must be like that moment in these programs has dropped some 72 billion kemia, AIDS or Juvenile Diabetes, the aver­ the laboratory when a piece of the puzzle dollars below the distribution levels of 1980. age American feels he can offer little more fits for a change. I wonder if you can hear More federal dollars are spent on the de­ than sympathy. in your mind's ear the expressions of hope fense research and development budget in I am here to suggest that the time for that your work brings to the lips of millions 15 months than the total spent on biomedi­ quiet sympathy in this partnership of medi­ of people-starting in this instance with the cal research since the establishment of the cine and government is over. The progress nearly two million Americans who suffer NIH in 1937. in scientific accomplishment that we have with Alzheimer's. Again this year as in every year, the Ap­ marveled at for 30 years in this nation must Believe me, they are out there and they propriations Subcommittee on Health and now be matched by progress in public and their families, their friends, indeed, the Human Services heard from dozens of policy. For so long, we have fueled the people of the world-cheer the reports of health professionals and private citizens engine of scientific progress on compassion your work. urging a renewed federal commitment to alone. And so when it came time to pay for I wish I had those kinds of days at the health research and medical services. the deficit, compassion was sacrificed to pay office. By reputation, our two kinds of work The dry statistics of disease and dollars the bill. When it came time to pay for na­ are very different. For your profession, came to us in the moving voices of those for tional defense, again we drew from this well there is, for example, the words of Hippoc­ whom a partnership with federal health re­ of compassion to pick up the check. rates, who said, "Wherever the art of medi­ search is not luxury, but life. Now the well is nearly dry. The fact that cine is loved, there also is love of human­ We learn of research into brittle bone dis­ we hold a consensus to fund emergency re­ ity." ease from twelve-year-old Congie, whose search into AIDS, can't mask the fact that For my profession, there are unfortunate­ bones can shatter without warning, without we are in danger of losing the political con­ ly, too often words like those of Will movement, at any time. sensus upon which progress in health re­ Rogers, who said, "The country has come to Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa comes to search depends. And this danger comes feel the same when Congress is in session as us in the person of six-year-old Ray, who from the failure of the health and science when the baby gets hold of a hammer." was born with no skin on his face and suf­ community to understand the rough and But in fact, in the United States, the fers with the pain of skin grafts and the tumble yet very telling world of dollars and worlds of politics and health have never ex­ constant fear of contracting an infection. cents, where the support of the .American isted apart. A nation that expected of its po­ A doctor and father whose child suffers people is won by those who have the guts to litical leaders preeminence in defending the from Batten's disease tells us of this deadly make their case. rights of man expected no less when it came neurological disorder which is probably the Approximately 38 billion dollars a year is to overcoming human illness with the fruits most common type of neurogenetic storage spent on the direct care of Alzheimer's pa­ of science. The scourge of deadly disease in disease in children. It usually manifests tients and the indirect costs to the family in this nation did not so much afflict our itself in previously normal children between lost workdays. Yet only 50 million dollars is people as stir a giant of purpose within the ages of four and eight and may leave spent on research into the disease. We know them. It was this marriage of interests that children totally disabled, perhaps dead in the incidence of Alzheimer's increases with built the greatest engine of scientific accom­ their late teens or twenties. age and so we know with certainty that the plishment the world has ever known, the Those of us who sit there day after day cost to society can only increase without United States, acting largely through the sometimes feel the stories should be enough adequate research. Thirty percent of people National Institutes of Health. And with this to spark a tireless search for cures. There is in their 80's have the disease. Between now 11196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19, 1986 and the years 2000, the size of the popula­ ing about is a fight; a battle that appeals a considerable colloquy involving tion group aged 55 and older is expected to both to the common humanity of Americans myself and the distinguished Senator increase by 19 percent; those 65 and over and their common sense. will increase 27 percent; and the number 75 No group is as well equipped to lead this from Kentucky, among others, on the and older will increase by over 50 percent. It fight as the men and women of medical sci­ possibility of a second-degree amend­ is projected that by the next century nine ence. You have the vision and optimism ment on the subject of scrambling of million people will be victims of Alzheimer's that brought you to this place of learning in television signals as an amendment to disease. In the face of this certainty, what is the first instance. You have a piece of paper one which I am about to propose ex­ our response as a nation? A continued push that attests to your skills. tending the opening date of daylight to reduce support of the National Institute Now, when it comes to the priorities of saving time to the first Monday in of Aging, the lack of any sort of support for this nation, what is needed is your anger not training of health professionals in the field your academics, your activism not your an­ April. There has been considerable dis­ of geriatrics, and the elimination of clinical tipathy. Better than any, you in this room cussion on that subject since that trials. know the coinage of suffering that will be point. I am now prepared to offer the Forty thousand low-weight babies are required as substitute for the lack of dollars daylight saving time amendment and I born in the U.S. each year. Fifty percent of spent on medical research. wonder whether the Senator from these cases could be prevented by additional You owe as much of a no to that as to all Kentucky has any requests he would research and proper prenatal care. This the forms of death and disease you'll con­ would cost us 26 million dollars a year. front in a lifetime. like to make before that amendment is Without it, each year, we are spending 2.4 A moment ago, I spoke of the television offered. billion dollars. In fact, the key federal ef­ drama concerning the life of Alex Deford. Mr. FORD. Mr. President, the dis­ forts designed to stop these deaths has actu­ Frank Deford, the writer, spoke to my sub­ tinguished Senator from Washington ally declined by five percent since 1983. committee about the dramatic break­ is absolutely right. Last Thursday, Since 1982 vaccine prices have risen by a throughs in molecular genetics in develop­ ing treatment for Cystic Fibrosis. A system­ when we adjourned, we were in a whopping 500 percent, but appropriations lengthy discussion as it related to an for the nation's childhood immunization atic approach is now possible for the gene program have not kept pace. As a result, the that causes CF, the most common fatal ge­ amendment in the second degree as it number of children to whom we can provide netic disease in the United States. related to the scrambling of television vaccines has dropped by two thirds. Cur­ The breakthrough came too late for Alex­ signals. At that time, we were asking rently less than half of all black preschool andra Deford, who died of the disease in her for a hearing, otherwise we were in­ children are immunized against the scour­ father's arms on a Saturday afternoon in sistent on submitting our amendment ages of our history books like diptheria, per­ January of 1980 at the age of eight. Frank Deford's message to us is a message we in the second degree. There has been a tussis, tetanus and polio. great deal of work done by the distin­ Under the president's budget, the Nation­ should repeat and repeat again to the Amer­ al Institutes of Health budget stood 400 mil­ ican people. guished Senator from Washington and lion dollars below the fiscal year 1986 level. "Our time is now," he said. "As much as I others over the weekend. wanted to say those words when my child It is now my understanding that the A cut of this magnitude meant 48 of 57 ap­ was alive, I honestly couldn't. Now I can. proved clinical trials would not be funded. Our time is now." chairman of the Commerce, Science, These trials are the final test of the promis­ Thank you. and Transportation Committee, Sena­ ing research investments made years ago. tor DANFORTH, and Senator GORTON Now, there is a very real possibility the NIH Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I now are willing to offer a time certain will not be able to prove out new vaccines suggest the absence of a quorum. and new treatments for multiple sclerosis The PRESIDING OFFICER. The as it relates to a hearing on this par­ and Parkinson's disease, or glaucoma, for clerk will call the roll. ticular question and I am amenable to controlling epileptic seizures, for enhancing The assistant legislative clerk pro­ that. If the distinguished Senator bone marrow transplants. ceeded to call the roll. from Washington will put into the Bad enough we refuse to fund old knowl­ RECORD the time or the week, I believe edge that works as in the case of childhood 0 1400 it is the week of July 14, in which a immunization. But to close the door on im­ minent scientific discovery as in the case of Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, I ask hearing on scrambling will be held, I clinical trials is know-nothing budgeteering unanimous consent that the order for would be perfectly willing then to at its worst. the quorum call be rescinded. withhold my amendment as it relates There's no point in shaking a fist at some­ The PRESIDING OFFICER Such general rules, or interim action, fit from extended daylight saving ating power and other technical operating ience stores, the barbecue industry, characteristics. Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, I have <3> Subsequent to the adoption of such the travel and tourism industry, and sent an amendment to the desk, and I general rules, they may be varied with re­ sporting goods manufacturers. Ex­ ask it be considered immediately. spect to particular stations and areas be­ tended daylight saving time would in­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cause of the exigencies in each case. crease revenues and employment in clerk will report. (e) This section shall take effect 60 days these industries, and would generate The assistant legislative clerk read after the date of enactment of this Act, significant tax revenues at no cost to as follows: except that if such effective date occurs in any calendar year after March 1, this sec­ the Federal Government. The Senator from Washington [Mr. tion shall take effect on the first day of the The House of Representatives has GoRTON] proposes an amendment numbered following calendar year. passed a bill, H.R. 2095, which would 1967. Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, the begin daylight saving time on the first Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, I ask purpose of this amendment is to Sunday of April, as my amendment unanimous consent that further read­ extend the annual observance of day­ proposes, and would also extend day­ ing of the amendment be dispensed light savings time. light saving time 1 week into Novem­ with. Under current law, daylight saving ber. I have not included the November The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- time begins each year on the last extension in my amendment because I out objection, it is so ordered. Sunday of April and ends on the last am sensitive to the concerns of the op­ The amendment is as follows: Sunday of October. My amendment ponents of this amendment that day­ At the end of the bill, add the following: would change the starting date to the light saving time in November would SEc. 2. The Congress finds- first Sunday of April. This represents create sunrises sufficiently late to be <1) that various studies of governmental a 3-week extension, or 4 weeks in years detrimental to many Americans. I do and nongovernmental agencies indicate that not believe that these concerns apply daylight saving time over an expanded when April has five Sundays. period would produce a significant energy The purpose of daylight saving time to April, which, as I mentioned, has savings in electrical power consumption; is to make the hours of daylight coin­ the earliest sunrises of the year under <2> that daylight saving time may yield cide with the hours of the day in the present system. energy savings in other areas besides electri­ which people are awake and active. Mr. President, I believe that this cal power consumption; Under daylight saving time, sunrise amendment balances the interests and (3) that daylight saving time over an ex­ and sunset each occur an hour later concerns on both sides of this issue panded period could serve as an incentive and I urge my colleagues to support for further energy conservation by individ­ than under standard time. I am pro­ posing to begin daylight saving time in the amendment. uals, companies, and the various govern­ I should also like to say, Mr. Presi­ mental entities at all levels of government, early April because, under current law, and that such energy conservation efforts April has the earliest sunrises of the dent, that the distinguished Senator could lead to greatly expanded energy sav­ year, and I believe that most Ameri­ from Maine, Mr. MITCHELL, is a co­ ings; and cans would rather have an hour of sponsor and has been a prime sponsor (4) that the use of daylight saving time daylight in the early evening than in of the bills on this subject during all over an expanded period could have other the early morning. of the Congresses during which I have beneficial effects on the public interest, in­ served, and is very strongly supportive cluding the reduction of crime, improved Mr. President, sunrises in April under standard time in Washington, of the amendment-support which I traffic safety, more daylight outdoor play­ appreciate. time for the children and youth of our DC, ranged from 5:17 to 5:53 a.m.; Nation, greater utilization of parks and most of us slept through the early DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME recreation areas, expanded economic oppor­ hours of daylight. Sunsets under Mr. DANFORTH. Mr. President, I tunity through extension of daylight hours standard time in April ranged from support the amendment proposed by to peak shopping hours and through exten­ 6:31 to 6:55p.m.; many of us commut­ the Senator from Washington [Sena­ sion of domestic office hours to periods of greater overlap with the European Econom­ ed home in darkness. If this amend­ tor GoRTON], and my colleagues from ic Community. ment is adopted, daylight saving time Maine [Mr. MITCHELL and Mr. COHEN], Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act would have begun on April 6 and the California [Mr. WILSON and Mr. CRAN­ of 1966 <15 U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended by hours of daylight in April would have STON], Rhode Island [Mr. PELL and striking "last Sunday of April" and inserting corresponded much more closely with Mr. CHAFEE], Hawaii [Mr. MATSUNAGA], in lieu thereof "first Sunday of April". our lifestyles than under standard and Minnesota [Mr. BOSCHWITZ]. Any law in effect on the date of the en­ time. Sunrises and sunsets in April The Congress has a difficult task in actment of this Act- under daylight saving time would be trying to determine the optimal period (1) adopted pursuant to section 3(a)(2) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 by a State equivalent to those in early August for daylight saving time because many with parts thereof in more than one time through mid-September, and even the regions and individuals are affected zone, or opponents of my amendment support differently by daylight saving time. <2> adopted pursuant to section 3 of daylight saving time during the period Indeed, many people have urged us to such Act by a State that lies entirely within of the year. adopt year-round daylight saving time one time zone, We do not have to imagine the ef­ while many others would prefer no shall be held and considered to remain in fects of extended daylight saving time, daylight saving time at all. effect as the exercise by that State of the because the Congress did extend day­ The principal concern which under­ exemption permitted by such Act unless light saving time temporarily during lies opposition to this amendment is that State, by law, provides that such ex­ the energy crisis of the 1970's. The De­ that daylight saving causes sunrises to emption shall not apply. (d)(l) Notwithstanding any other law or partment of Transportation estimates be an hour later than under standard any regulation issued under any such law, that energy savings equivalent to time. Many Senators are concerned the Federal Communications Commission 100,000 barrels of oil per day resulted that these later sunrises will endanger shall, consistent with any existing treaty or from extended daylight saving time, rural schoolchildren on the roads in other agreement, make such adjustment by and studies have shown that the trans- early morning darkness and will cause 11198 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19, 1986 farmers, who work by the Sun, to lose a margin greater than 2 to 1, and the Sunday in November. That fall exten­ an hour of early morning daylight in administration supports a 2-month ex­ sion was intended to promote child which to perform chores. tension of daylight saving time. I will safety through an additional hour of I share these concerns for school­ not dwell upon these points because I daylight in the early evening on Hal­ children and farmers. I have not sup­ do not believe that they are disputed loween. However, October also is a ported previous proposals to extend by opponents of the amendment. month when sunrise comes later each daylight saving time because late sun­ Instead, I would like to discuss the morning, and we are willing to accom­ rises would be detrimental to the in­ concerns of farmers. The American modate that concern by this compro­ terests of Missouri. However, this Farm Bureau Federation believes that mise. amendment would not result in sun­ daylight saving time should be ob­ We have ensured that sunrise times rises later than at many other times of served only from Memorial Day to under the extended system of daylight the year. As Senator GoRTON has Labor Day-a period of just more than saving time will occur no later than pointed out, the amendment applies to 3 months. I would like to point out sunrise times presently occurring in a period in April which has the earli­ that most sunrises in April under day­ the fall under the current system. est sunrises of the year. I endorse this light saving time would be as early as Sunrises in April will occur no later amendment as a compromise, which sunrises during this 3-month period. than sunrises which we already experi­ does not create sunrises as late as Sunrise on April 26, which was this ence in the fall each year under the those in many months of both day­ year's earliest sunrise, would be the existing system. light and standard time, and which same as sunrise on August 10 under Daylight saving time was first used does provide the advantages of an daylight saving time. Therefore, this extra hour of daylight in the April amendment will not adversely affect in World Wars I and II as a way to evenings. farmers. conserve energy. The Uniform Time Mr. President, I would like to discuss I urge my colleagues who are skepti­ Act of 1966 formally implemented na­ the origins of the objections to this cal about extending daylight saving tional daylight saving time in its amendment. Many of the objections time, as I was, to examine the effects present 6-month period. As a response stem from our experience with ex­ of daylight saving time in April, as I to the 1973 oil crisis, Congress enacted tended daylight saving time in the have. I believe that you will find no the Emergency Daylight Saving Time 1970's, when, in order to conserve reason to oppose this amendment, and Energy Conservation Act extending it energy, the Congress called for year­ every reason to support it. to 10 months in 1974, and 8 months in round observance of daylight saving Mr. MITCHELL addressed the 1975. time. This law created problems in the Chair. Daylight saving time is intimately winter months, when the sunrises are The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tied to the United States desire for already late under standard time. Senator from Maine. energy conservation and energy inde­ Many of us associate today's proposal Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I am pendence. Indeed, it is an idea with with observance of daylight saving pleased to join Senator GORTON in co­ roots in the era of America's Declara­ time in the winter. In reality, there is sponsoring this amendment to extend tion of Independence. no comparison. In my hometown of St. daylight saving time in a manner that One of the first proponents of day­ Louis, sunrise under daylight saving will offer numerous benefits to the light saving time was Benjamin Frank­ time on January 15 would occur, and Nation. lin, who awoke one morning in Paris in did in 1974, at 8:17 a.m. Clearly, this It represents a safe, straightforward, 1784 to a room filed with sunlight. He created problems for schoolchildren, positive way of increased energy sav­ realized that many Parisians spent farmers, and many Missourians. Sun­ ings, decreased traffic fatalities, re­ sunlit hours sleeping, and later burned rise on April 15 under this amend­ duced violent crime, enhance the lives candles while awake at night. Franklin ment, however, would occur at 6:25 of persons who suffer from night later wrote: a.m. blindness, and add to the hours that It is impossible that a wise people would I hope that my colleagues will re­ Americans can spend outdoors. Few have made use of unhealthy and expensive member, when they hear arguments proposals submitted to the Senate candlelight if they had known as I have just about the detriments of daylight offer such clearcut gains and enjoy learned that they can have for nothing the saving time, that many of the criti­ such broad support as this measure. beautiful and pure light of the sun. cisms are aimed at January, while the I want to emphasize what Senator Franklin proposed to encourage, al­ amendment is aimed at April. GoRTON has said-that this amend­ though fortunately not seriously, the Another common reason for oppos­ ment represents a compromise. Other use of sunlight rather than candles ing extended daylight saving time is daylight saving time extension bills through a tax on window shutters, the the thought that we should not have sought to expand the Nation's rationing of candles, and the firing of tamper with time. We hear objections observance of daylight saving time by cannons in the streets at sunrise to to changing natural time, or "God's as much as 8 weeks. On October 22 of awake citizens and make them open time", as it is often called. I am certain last year, the House of Representa­ their eyes to their true interests. that my colleagues understand that tives passed H.R. 2095 to extend it by Nonetheless, the essence of Franklin's the calculation of time itself is not 4 weeks. I am an original cosponsor of idea remains true today. Over 200 natural but man-made, and that the S. 1433 which was identical to the years later, it is no longer simply can­ Uniform Time Act of 1966, which cre­ House bill. However, in the interest of dlelight which is wasted. ated our current 6-month daylight compromise this amendment proposes In 1975 the Department of Trans­ saving time period, was certainly not an extension of 3 weeks. portation study on the impact of the an act of God. The natural elements The original bill would have ex­ 1974 daylight saving time extension es­ are the sunrise and sunset, which I tended daylight saving time by 4 timated that the equivalent of 100,000 can assure my colleagues will not be weeks beginning its observance the barrels of oil was saved each day. changed by this amendment. first Sunday in April rather than the Under the compromise amendment, Mr. President, the potential benefits last Sunday in April as it is under cur­ more than 2 million barrels of oil of and public support for this proposal rent law, and ending it on the first could be saved each year. are clear. Extended daylight saving Sunday in November rather than the The U.S. energy situation has time would save energy, enhance traf­ last Sunday in October, as is the case changed since 1975. Fuel prices are the fic safety, reduce violent crime, and under current law. primary factor in controlling fuel use, create substantial business for many This compromise amendment drops and the price of oil has dramatically industries. The general public sup­ off the week-long extension from the fallen in recent months. But we live in ports extended daylight saving time by last Sunday in October to the first an uncertain world. Iran and Iraq are May 19, 1986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11199 at war along the Persian Gulf. Ameri­ School-age children were not subject to Mr. FORD. Mr. President, the pro­ can bombs have fallen on Tripoli and greater involvement in fatal accidents than posal by the plaintiffs in this particu­ the general population at any period of the Benghazi in Libya. Tensions and ter­ day. lar case, the Senator from Washington rorism still flare in the Middle East, and the Senator from Maine, pre­ and lines of commerce are always frag­ A 1976 National Bureau of Stand­ sented such a weak case for the exten­ ile. ards study of school-age children fa­ sion of daylight saving time I doubt se­ The need for energy conservation­ talities also found no increase in morn­ riously that the defense should put on and vigilance-is undiminished. DST is ing fatalities during the March and any witnesses but just leave the judg­ one small means of conservation, with April daylight saving time period. ment to the jury. But in all fairness, I large benefits, and at absolutely no fi­ A Department of Transportation analysis of daylight saving time be­ must represent my people and repre­ nancial cost to the Federal Govern­ tween 1979 and 1981 additionally con­ sent the hundreds and hundreds of ment or the American consumer. cluded that "there appears to be no people who have contacted my office As Benjamin Franklin advised, we basis for claims that DST transitions in opposition to any extension of day­ must open our eyes to our true inter­ caused increases in schoolchildren light saving time. ests. morning fatalities." You always put your best foot for­ The argument for an extension of I wish to reiterate to my Senate col­ ward in this type of situation. I was daylight saving time becomes even leagues that this amendment also is a amused that the distinguished Senator more compelling when one considers compromise. Daylight saving time from Maine, as he elaborated all the benefits of increased traffic safety and would begin the first Sunday in times the House had passed daylight violent crime reductions. April-rather than the last Sunday in saving time, failed to enumerate the The 1975 Department of Transporta­ April under the current system, or in number of times the House had de­ tion study showed a 0.7-percent reduc­ March, as other bills have proposed. feated the extension of daylight tion in traffic fatalities in March and Sunrise times in the spring would saving time. April 1974, under extended daylight occur no later than the times present­ So, Mr. President, I rise in opposi­ saving time, compared to comparable ly occurring in the fall under the ex­ tion to the amendment of the distin­ months that same year under stand­ isting system. Farmers and schoolchil­ guished Senator from Washington and ard time. This estimate was, I under­ dren would not be subjected to early the distinguished Senator from Maine stand, a conservative calculation, and morning conditions any different from which would extend daylight saving Department analysts believed the those that they already live under. time another 3 weeks. actual reduction to be more on the Older school-age children coming In preparing for this debate, I ran order of between 1.5 and 2 percent. home in the evening, particularly if across several quotes I would like to Second, according to the National they have participated in school sports share with my colleagues. Crime Survey of the Departments of or other extracurricular activities, Many people have questioned why I Justice and Commerce, the most seri­ stand to benefit from the extra hour am so interested in not extending day­ ous forms of crime occur in the of daylight. light saving time for another month or evening or at night, rather than the In 1976, the Senate approved an ex­ another 3 weeks, and why it is such an early morning hours. Criminals prefer tension of DST by a vote of 70 to 23, emotional issue in my State. to operate under cover of darkness. In­ but the measure died in the House in A State senator in the Kentucky creased daylight in the critical hours the final hours of that Congress. General Assembly ranks daylight when many Americans are coming In 1981, the House of Representa­ saving time as "one of the three most home from work can act as an impor­ tives approved a DST extension, but emotional issues of my service in the tant deterrent to crime. no action occurred in the Senate. Kentucky General Assembly." I am aware of fears that expanded During this current Congress, the He also adds: daylight saving time would increase House of Representatives has again Time is more important to people than early-morning traffic accidents, espe­ passed a DST extension. The measure the budget. They don't care how much we cially involving school children, and enjoys broad popular support, and the spend, apparently; they just want to know inconvenience our Nation's farmers. decision now rests with the Senate. what time we are going to spend it on. Maine is a rural State, where many Americans are looking to us to final­ I recently heard from a Kentucky earn their living by agriculture, and ly write into law a proposal which is mother who found it just as hard to the majority of school children are emminently practical and reasonable. get a child to go to bed while it was bused to school. I am therefore ex­ Like the hands of time itself, Congress daylight as it is to get a child to wake tremely sensitive to these concerns. may sometimes move slowly. But I up while it is still dark. However, after close study of these ar­ submit to you-with no pun intended­ Any Kentucky mother who has sent guments, I believe they are without that the time finally has come in this a first grader out to catch a bus on a foundation. Congress, to enact an extension of dark, misty April morning takes a dim There is little proof that a month's daylight saving time. view about the importance of electrici­ extension of daylight saving time ad­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is ty that might be saved on the east and versely affects American agriculture. there further debate on the amend­ west coasts and the number of after­ The 1975 Department of Transporta­ ment? work tennis games that might be tion study stated flatly: Mr. FORD addressed the Chair. played here in Washington, DC. DST does not affect agricultural activities The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Before the Commerce Committee or production. In general, agricultural ac­ Senator from Kentucky. hearings, I heard from a constituent in tivities are insensitive to "clock time," and Mr. FORD. Mr. President, would the farmers and ranchers run, personal families. All that. produce a significant energy savings in of these things are affected by the electrical power consumption.'' Sun rising an hour earlier on the At­ Mr. President, throughout the con­ I shall debate that item just a little sideration of this issue, I have always lantic coast than on the western edge bit later and prove that it is not really of the eastern time zone. You play thought that only those individuals in true. A significant energy saving-! that against each of the western edges the westernmost portion of a time think whoever drafted this particular zone opposed extending daylight of every time zone. amendment was carried away with his Let us look at the facts that have saving time. I received a letter recent­ verbiage. ly, however, from Sacramento, CA, been presented in this particular Second, "that daylight saving time amendment or what they propose. The which stated: over an expanded period could serve as National Bureau of Standards found The pro-daylight-saving-time faction por­ an incentive for further energy conser­ no conclusive evidence of a daylight trays the anti-daylight-saving-time crowd as vation by individuals, companies, and either a special interest group such as farm­ saving time affect on the saving of the various governmental entities at electrical energy. We have been hear­ ers or religious extremists who don't want all levels of government, and that such 'God's Time' tampered with. This is hardly ing an awful lot about how much the case. I have no desire to get up in the energy conservation efforts could lead energy is going to be saved, but the dark so candy manufacturers can make to greatly expanded energy savings.'' National Bureau of Standards found money off of Halloween sales. When you go to work in the dark, you have to tum a light on and when no conclusive evidence that daylight I realize that the amendment of the it is cool in the morning, you have to saving time will have a great affect on Senator from Washington only ex­ have the heat up. I shall debate that a the saving of electrical energy. In fact, tends daylight saving time during the little bit later. it may cost more on the western edge month of April, but these letters were Third, this amendment says that of a time zone because the light has to written before his amendment was Congress finds "that the use of day­ go on an hour earlier and the heat will published in the CONGRESSIONAL light saving time over an expanded have to be turned on an hour earlier RECORD. I am very concerned that if period"-what is an expanded period? than normal in the dark. this amendment passes the Senate­ Is it just 3 weeks this year or is it 3 The Department of Transportation and this is a real concern of mine-the weeks next year and next year and report identified a seven-tenths of a conferees will agree to the House­ next year? Is that the expanded time percent reduction in traffic fatalities passed daylight saving time bill, which this amendment is talking about? with extended daylight saving time. provides for 3 weeks in the spring and It says, "the use of daylight saving The Department of Transportation 1 week in the fall. time over an expanded period could later expanded the benefits to a reduc­ What we pass here, in the Senate, have other beneficial effects on the tion in fatalities of 1 to 2 percent. The could well be the final package. On public interest, including the reduc­ National Bureau of Standards criti­ the other hand, it may not be, because tion of crime, improved traffic safety, cized the Department of Transporta­ the House has a different piece of leg­ more daylight outdoor playtime for tion for using raw NHTSA data and islation, the Senate has a different the children and youth of our Nation, found no conclusive evidence for a piece of legislation. That bill goes to greater utilization of parks and recrea­ daylight saving time-related decrease conference and the conferees will then tion areas, expanded economic oppor­ in fatalities. send back to the Senate what could be tunities through the extension of day­ Mr. President, it just does not seem a very different piece of legislation. light hours to peak shopping hours right to this Senator that you can Mr. President, the principle of day­ and through extension of domestic stand up and beat your chest and say light saving time is very simple: office hours to periods of greater over­ so many wondrous things are going to During part of the year, the sun rises lap with the European Economic Com­ happen because you extend daylight before most people do. If a clock is ad­ munity.'' saving time 3 weeks in April. We had vanced, sunrise by the clock will be That means they are saying that you so much snow this year in April, the later as sunset will be later. This clock can stay at work a lot longer; you do schools were closed, ball games were shift does not increase the amount of not have to go home. I suggest that called off. You could not go to the daylight but it, so-called saves day­ the effects of the benefits of extended parks. In fact, you could not drive light. It reduces the number of day­ daylight saving time are exceedingly your car from home to work, the snow light hours when people are asleep small and therefore hard to assess. was so deep in many parts of this east­ and adds the hours when they are I want to make this one very impor­ ern time zone during the first 3 weeks awake in the evening. Kentucky's di­ tant point: That the effect of daylight of April. lemma derives in part from its loca­ saving time is basically regional. It The Department of Transportation tion. Half of the State is in the eastern does not benefit the total country. did not take into account that at the time zone and on the western edge of Mr. President, there is no hard evi­ time they were measuring traffic fa­ the eastern time zone. Dawn comes in dence to convince Kentuckians or talities, the country was experiencing the home State of the distinguished those citizens residing on western a gas shortage. Senator from Maine on the Atlantic edges of a time zone that more day­ coast, which is in the same time zone, light saving time will save energy, pre­ 0 1440 a lot earlier than it does on the west­ vent traffic accidents, deter crime, or Think about that. That was not even em edge of Ohio and the eastern part virtually any of the wondrous things factored in. You have not heard about of Kentucky and in our major metro­ that are claimed by the advocates of that in this grand and glorious amend­ politan area. the extended daylight saving time. ment to do all things for all people by I was very interested in the findings There are particular hardships on extending daylight saving time 3 more in the proposed amendment. Let me areas in the westernmost fringe of a weeks. tell my colleagues what this amend­ time zone. For example, the eastern The President and Congress were ment says that Congress will find and half of Kentucky and much of the recommending responses to the short­ what they approve if this amendment State of Ohio are in the westernmost age. Think about that. Gas rationing is passed. As I say, I think it is very in­ part of the eastern time zone, so sun­ was a way of life at the time these teresting. rises occur as much as an hour and 15 facts were taken. The price of gasoline May 19, 1986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11201 had doubled at the time these facts poning the time of day when school ered the schoolchildren, start school were taken. Citizens found other begins so that children would not have an hour later. If the children were left means of transportation since gasoline to travel to school in the darkness. home by themselves to wait for the was so limited, and the Congress at That is an easy way of saying it, just bus, just open the factories 1 hour that time enacted the 55-mile-an-hour start school an hour later so they can later, so we would be right back where speed limit. go to school in the same daylight as we started and we ought to leave it Now, that is why lives were saved. you had before you extended daylight alone. That is why gasoline comsumption saving time. I believe you have to look at this was reduced. That is why traffic acci­ Now, we have that in testimony issue in terms of the entire country. If dents and fatalities were reduced. before the Commerce Committee. the westernmost areas of a time zone If there was any reduction in traffic During the 1974-75 year-round day­ have to make such sacrifices, is ex­ fatalities during the extended daylight light saving time experiment, 44 per­ tended daylight saving time good for saving time period, I am certain some cent of the Nation's school districts of these factors were the cause and shifted the beginning of time of school the entire country? not daylight saving time. because of the safety factor-safety D 1450 The Department of Transportation, factor for children, and we had day­ however, has admitted in testimony light saving time during the same I have also been told by the daylight before the House of Representatives period that is being advocated under saving time coalition that the simple that they did not take any of these this amendment. answer to Kentucky's problem is to factors into account in determining Families with schoolchildren will be move the entire State into the central that there would be reduced traffic fa­ operating on two time schedules, one time zone. I also believe that this is talities under extended daylight saving for the school and the other one for too great a sacrifice for my citizens to time. their employer. When both parents make in order for the coalition to sell Now, let me repeat that. Let me work, which is the case in many homes more of their products. One of the repeat that because we are hearing a now due to economic factors, small greatest benefits Kentucky and other lot about this Department of Trans­ children will be left at home unattend­ States in the region have in attracting portation study and how great it will ed until the bus runs. In Kentucky, industry is that we are on the same be if we extend daylight saving time 3 the beginning times for schools vary, time as Wall Street and the financial more weeks. but there are a considerable number world. One should not underestimate The Department of Transportation of children picked up at 6 to 6:15 a.m., the business interest of remaining on has admitted in testimony before the and that is a record from the Ken­ the same time as the financial world, House of Representatives that they tucky Association of School Adminis­ particularly New York. did not take any of these factors, trators. In essence, extended daylight saving being gasoline shortage, doubling of Now, Mr. President, this is an ex­ time would establish a new entitle­ prices, looking for other means of treme problem in areas where there is ment system for energy usage. The in­ transportation, and reducing the speed great distance in a consolidated school creased use of energy in mid-America limit to 55 miles an hour, into account district, where there is court-ordered would neutralize the saving of energy in determining that there would be re­ busing and where there is one school on the coasts. Daylight comes over an duced traffic fatalities under daylight of a district for handicapped students. hour later in Louisville than on the saving time. Think about that. One school in a dis­ east coast so consumption of energy Now, I think those factors play a trict for handicapped students, and would be actually increased as people greater part than trying to extend they have to get on the bus at 6 to 6:15 get up earlier, go to work earlier, and daylight saving time by 3 weeks or a a.m., in the dark. turn on their lights and heat earlier. month or whatever. The handicapped students are most The President of a large utility in There is one special interest group in likely the first bus run. Then the Kentucky has indicated that in his this argument I would like to mention buses return for another run later in judgment extended daylight saving and that is the group of children. We the morning. The sponsor of the time would mean an additional use of have spent a lot of time lately in this House version of extended daylight gas and electricity in the mornings Congress and especially in the media saving time made a point that sunrises without an offset saving in the on improving education, the plight of in April under extended daylight evening. missing children, and the need to pro­ saving time would be earlier than sun­ tect children from all kinds of behav­ rises in December, January, and Feb­ Savings in energy, although predict­ ior. Children have a stake in this ex­ ruary. Isn't that a wonderful procla­ ed to be 100,000 barrels of oil per day tended daylight saving time argument. mation. The sponsor suggested that by the Department of Transportation Although the issue of the coalition to there would be 22 weeks in the school study, are difficult to isolate from sea­ extend daylight saving time is purely year more dangerous than April 1. My sonal variations, rate for crude, and economic, as I read in Fortune maga­ response is why make it any worse? In fuel availability. The benefits of zine several months ago, the children's effect, by adopting this amendment, energy savings are for the coastal issue is purely emotional, purely emo­ you will make 26 weeks dangerous in States at the expense of the Midwest­ tional. The coalition's position is the school year rather than 22. The ern States purely economic, and they dismiss the importance of the safety of children is Now, Mr. President, a new entity plight of our children as purely emo­ at issue and far exceeds any economic comes into the opposition to the ex­ tional. consideration in the extension of day­ tension of daylight saving time. The Well, Mr. President, parents in Ken­ light saving time debate. National Association of Broadcasters tucky do not believe the issue is emo­ During the hearings on extending has written in opposition to the exten­ tional. Adding an hour of sunlight at daylight saving time held by the Com­ sion of daylight saving time. The Na­ the end of the day subtracts one at merce Committee, I was told by one of tional Association of Broadcasters' the beginning of the day and leaves my colleagues that Kentucky should concern is the effect the amendment many school-bound children in the start schools later to relieve the safety would have on daytime-only AM dark. Great concern has been ex­ concern. I raised the issue of working broadcast stations. There are 2,450 pressed about schoolchildren having parents on a different schedule, and I daylight AM stations in the United to start for school before sunrise in was told to start the factories 1 hour States. The impact would be the worst many parts of this country. Advocates later. for the approximately 450 daylight of extended daylight saving time say Mr. President, it was almost hard to stations not holding a presunrise au­ the problem can be alleviated by post- believe what I was hearing. If it both- thorization known as PSA. 11202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19, 1986 The monthly sign-on time for a day­ to me and hopefully to their Senators On April 7, Mrs. Vema Palmer of time station is based on the time of in opposition to this amendment. Moss Point, MS, sent a letter which the local sunrise rounded off to the From South Pittsburg, TN, Mrs. stated: nearest 15-minute interval. The au­ Marie Daniel wrote me and stated: I appreciate your stand on daylight saving thorization is expressed in nonad­ I want you to know I sure do appreciate time. I think it is silly for grown men to vanced standard time which, in effect, you keeping that bill from extending day­ waste their time and taxpayers' money with is local time for the 6-month period in light saving time to 2 more hours. I wish nothing better to do than change the time which daylight saving time is not ob­ they would leave the time on standard time. for the sun to rise and set. I am an 81-year­ served. During the expanded period in The real working people don't have time to old widow and I have seen many sunrises play like these men who want more hours of and sunsets in my lifetime. I believe in and this amendment, the sign-on time for light. respect God's handiwork. daytime stations not holding a PSA Phillip A. Lomax of Pensacola, FL, That was Mrs. Vema Palmer of would be delayed 1 hour. Most day­ wrote: time only stations would suffer a fi­ Moss Point, MS. nancial loss due to the loss of an hour I want to thank you for opposing the use­ In this area, Bruce M. Benton con­ less Daylight Saving Time extension. My ex­ tacted me from Gaithersburg, MD: of drive time. perience with saving time has been as a How much economic benefit has parent of young children. It was more diffi­ Please accept my sincere thanks for your been lost by these small radio sta­ cult getting them in from play for a family successful efforts which have saved us from meal together with adequate time left for additional months of daylight saving time. tions? No one has brought that into We have more than enough of that already. being here. No one has talked about homework. I also found it more difficult get­ ting up as early as I needed for a good start Fast time becomes more attractive with in­ those small radio stations that strug­ on the day. I think the proposal is counter­ creasing latitude, which is why only the gle for a living. Yet this extension of productive and its passage would only lead northern states are agitating for it. With daylight saving time would cost them to a request for another extension later. each additional degree of latitude, summer dearly. Helga Larson from Bement, IL, in­ days are a little longer. At the North Pole, Most daytime only stations would one can enjoy 24 hours of sunshine during formed me: mid-summer; but in our southern states, suffer a tremendous financial loss due I read in the paper that you were against fast time forces too many people, including to that loss of 1 hour in drive time. extending daylight saving time. That is schoolchildren, to begin their active day in The morning drive time is the period fine-so am I. It would suit a lot of us fine total darkness. Any further change in the according to the FCC, Federal Com­ to do away with it completely. national schedule should go in the opposite munications Commission, in which sta­ From Columbus, Ohio, a citizen direction, to limit the period to a maximum tions earn a substantial bulk of their wrote: of three months. Perhaps, as an alternative, advertising revenues. Four hundred You are admired! And by a Republican at we should rearrange the time zones to make and fifty stations are going to lose an that! Will you please keep that ten year horizontal, as well as vertical divisions. hour of drive time, and that is that effort to lengthen our daylight hours bot­ Then the northern states could choose to bulk of their advertising revenues. So tled up another decade or two? Has just one set their clocks ahead permanently, as Indi­ of those daylight saving backers ever tried ana and Michigan have already done, with­ that is another financial loss to be im­ out forcing unpleasantness on the remain­ posed upon citizens, and it is now a putting a 4-year-old, a seven-year-old or a ten-year-old to bed at 9:00 in the daylight? I der of the nation. fact of life that the National Broad­ doubt it! Have they ever looked at these Ada McCain of Danville, VA, recent­ casting Association is very much op­ same kids in school the next day? These ly wrote: posed to this amendment. same kids have to get up at the same time All power to you in prolonging the chang­ The amendment of the Senator from having gone to bed an hour or two later. ing of our time. We people of the USA Washington contains a provision to Being a school parent, now you try teaching should have a say so in changing the time allow the Federal Communications them! They are just plain tired. I believe and if we did, there would not be any with all my heart that this daylight saving changes made ... Many times I have seen Commission to make adjustments by time is just one more wedge driven into the rule. This is very t~chnical and the family circle. With so many parents work­ small children leave home in the dark to question is what adjustments will be ing, we don't need more ways to split our stand at some specific place to wait for the made? What adjustments will be times together. Indeed, it is God's time. We bus. This is enough to vote to leave the made? It will certainly disrupt the cur­ need to use it wisely. Our children are changing of time alone. rent balancing between full-time and watching. From Rock Rapids, lA, Darlene daytime-only AM stations. Van Statham from Tyler, TX, wrote McMaster informed me: As proved by the recent snowstorms me to explain: Thank you very, very much for holding in the Rocky Mountains, even in April I appreciate your stand on the daylight back daylight saving time. Natural biologi­ cal rhythms are thrown off. The sun in the schools may close due to weather con­ saving time thing. Would think there are so morning makes it easier to get up, safer to ditions. Most of the radio stations­ many other important things that need drive to work on the highway. Soon, with think about this now-giving this in­ handling, that these guys would not be trying to help the sporting goods companies. DST, it will be dark again when I get up at 6 formation are daytime-only stations. a.m. How is it that Representative Markey What would happen? They would not Let's leave God's things alone. gets to sleep so late that the sun bothers be there and would not be allowed to

Another significant benefit from the Change Change additional period of daylight would be City Crimes (percent) City Crimes (percent) the nationwide reduction in most cate­ Alabama: Detroit...... 149,954 -7.2 gories of crime-a problem of major 28,076 +6.1 Flint...... 22,354 +0.1 concern for most metropolitan/urban ~~=~~~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : ::::::::::::::: : :::::::::::: 10,877 -4.6 9,877 + 4.7 Montgomery ...... 10,275 +9.3 ~~~~ :::::::::::::::::::::: : :::::::::::::::::: : ::::::::: : ::::::::::::: 4,828 +49.8 areas. Recent statistics from the Fed­ Arizona: Sterling Heights ...... •...... 5,199 +13.6 eral Bureau of Investigation confirm Glendale ...... 10.416 NA Warren ...... 11 ,050 + 1.4 Mesa ..•.•...... •.••...... •...... 14,158 +30.5 Minnesota: this and clearly indicate an increase in Phoenix ...... 82,529 +15.8 37 ,977 +20.0 violent crime across the country. Scottsdale ...... 6,588 +9.1 20,854 - 1.4 In this regard, I ask unanimous con­ Spokane ...... 14,861 +9.3 Mi~r:.;~~~ :::::: : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 13,307 - 5.8 Tucson ...... 38,250 +7.4 Missoun: sent that statistics compiled by the Arkansas: Utile Rock ...... 18,564 +10.0 Independence ...... 5,328 -1.3 FBI and information appearing in California: 46,616 +2.6 Anaheim ...... 17,571 +2.9 9,591 -1.0 USA Today of April 24, 1986, citing Bakersfield ...... 12,921 +5.7 ~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::: : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 46,843 - 0.8 13,199 Nebraska: the increase by major crime in cities -2.8 Uncoln ...... 10,785 +10.8 over 100,000 population, be printed in ~~~~~r.:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : ::::::: 6,508 +2.4 Omaha ...... 22,720 + 3.9 Fremont...... 6,667 +5.9 Nevada: the REcoRD at the conclusion of my re­ Fresno ...... 28,821 + 6.9 Reno ...... 10,333 +9.1 Fullerton ...... 6,629 +10.3 35,191 marks. Garden Grove ...... 9,321 - 1.3 + 1.1 The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ Glendale ...... 7,405 +0.3 Nih;.~ .::::::::::::::::::: : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8,290 +6.8 out objection, it is so ordered. Hayward ...... 7,445 +8.5 Newark ...... 38.798 +19.5 8,499 -3.6 Paterson ...... 10.789 + 4.4

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I,HO •• 719 ~9 1U 201 1,9~· 6,076 San ..rnard1no • JJ2 ., CA 19d4 U,249 "· •07 )2 88 1,0U 89) •• )60 •• 7,. 1,070 151 1915 •• ~92 1,611 1 122 21) 2,076 5,7•9 )90 19 198!> 15,002 15,156 18 104 1,041 1,086 4. 494 0 l•a111u11a II 1984 7,020 1,107 IS J2 125 471 6,920 1,))9 151 " 1,!>99 4,471 J07 87 Sail D1a10 CA 1984 .-,Job 61,795 10) )9) 2,6,. 2,819 15,241 )1,421 1,759 U9 19ft5 6, a46 6,9.19 9 u 116 SIS 1,604 4. 242 . ) 16 7J 1985 67,893 68,2H IUM 96 3)8 3,062 2,754 16,363 )5,220 10,060 )80 Ml 1984 22 ,)2 J 22.766 .6 2•9 882 2,116 6,813 10.J97 1,520 44 J San Irene Uco CA 1984 59,896 to, 2JO 7) 495 5,222 ),5a2 198; 42, )54 22.828 47 I, lt1 13,217 31,524 s. 78) )34 285 2, 855 6,)14 9, 71o7 1, 915 174 1985 58,590 58,983 es 512 5,111 ), 794 11, 7!>7 J1,)97 39] Fort l.llldtrdalt. IL 1984 20.861 20.929 l9 122 1,116 636 6, 450 S,934 10,725 1,176 65 San Jo .. ' CA 198• 39.811 40,211 421 1,175 1,651 9. ~s 1 24,296 2,170 )9) 198!> 21, a4a 21,9)6 lj 108 1, j~9 71) '• •lO 11,157 2,oc~ 92 1985 -0,22- 40,738 55•• -15 1,2)1 1,Tbl 9,359 2-.H1 ],06- 51- lort Warne 11 1984 12,5~9 12,660 )~~ J ~0 270 1,822 ~.111> b•• 111 Sanu Ana CA 1984 22 .o~e 22,2H l9 74 835 190 6, 1J1 1,815 176 1985 12,227 12,)08 l2 8) 301 •o• 1,826 8, 9~- 6)8 61 1985 22,459 22,610 12, ~~- Fort llortl\ 3l 59 865 601 5,097 1),490 2, jl- 151 n 198- 50,111 50, 40~ 119 ~67 2,080 c, 706 1), 872 26.629 ~.~58 29• Savannalll CA 198~ 12,9•2 )9 1985 97 609 400 ),296 7. 91 > 522 58,a58 59,209 1C8 •61 2, 620 ),121 1~. 87) )0,877 ;, 756 )51 1985 12,010 iz,os• -0 130 570 )25 3,291 7,210 au FraMII\ CA 198q 6,296 6,469 )5 82 472 1,660 Seoulelala 4- . J. 693 )SO 17J u 1~8- 6,0)1 6,0'14 3 20 16 141 1, J)S -.109 l•l 37 1985 6,667 6, 791 )~ J 86 •91 1, 786 ), 917 )50 12• 1985 6,586 6,6JO a 18 97 141 1, 623 4, )78 32] 42 lraano CA 198~ 26,956 :n ,136 l• ll• 1,066 760 6, )67 16,852 1, 1• 1 180 hanle ltiA 198q 56,019 56, )2a so 2,386 1985 28,b21 ••8 2,669 1•, •o6 jJ, 771 2,289 ]09 28. 989 4o 17b 1,2H 8!>~ 7,900 16. 8•5 1,165 16a 1985 6J,102 6j, ~62 61 ., 2,8•3 ],178 16,264' J7, SJ• 2,18] )60 I11Uerto11 CA 19~~ 6,008 6,0)6 6 •9 167 245 1, ~) 1 3,566 26 Sl\rneport LA 198~ 19,)!>6 . 5•• 19,502 29 139 IJ9 •• 819 12,168 198S 1>,629 ) )j 913 789 116 . 6,668 17l 206 1, 517 4. 162 5 I~ )9 19o5 20, )66 20,485 48 125 556 1,021 •.&03 1),072 HI Ciar4en Grove CA 198• 9.4~6 119 9,502 8 12 372 •J 1 2,67) 5,098 792 56 Sou\n lend lN 19!q 9,763 9, '187 11 64 315 257 ),0)0 5,699 j87 21 1985 9,)21 9,)68 1) ~7 •o1 ]62 2,662 •• 982 as• ~1 1985 9. 593 ¥,668 9 58 )18 281 2,715 5,800 )52 75 Oar land u, 198~ 7,66• 7. 697 71 9~ 8 1•8 1,815 5,088 ••o 33 Spokalle IIA 1984 1 J, 59• 1),669 10 71 ~6 597 ), 337 •• 798 535 1S 1985 9,209 9,2•6 5 92 ,., 206 2, •l• 5,815 516 1985 1•• 861 14. 9)6 Ciarr2 J7 9 6J )09 5~2 ), 796 ?,526 606 75 u 1?o• 10,521 81 175 802 ~·6 ], 107 LOS• 2. 762 Sprln1r1e1d• lL .198• 8, •¥9 e, 551 4 75 177 480 1985 9, 7q3 6) 11) 2,378 5,U) 2•2 ~l 1 8,986 ~1)8 68• 2. •91 2, 827 2,210 757 1985 IS 227 501 2,228 ;, 155 257 51 Ghnda1a u 198- Sprlnlfleld 10,8•9 "' 1~84 10,978 11 1)7 -~2 2, 290 2,62) -. 08j 1,263 129 1985 10,~16 10,526 7 SJ 118 626 2,677. b, )66 569 110 1985 7. 923 1,008 18 106 )79 2, 261 Clall4ah CA 1984 7,384 1,3•1 2, ao• 1,012 as 7. •70 • 32 238 190 2, 10) 3, 97S 8•2 86 Sprln&fleld 110 19~- 9, 689 9, 759 1] -2 1;5 16• 2,117 6, 7U 414 70 ~ 1985 7,405 1. s~ 1 ~ 17 26) 195 I, 916 4, oe8 922 152 1985 9,591 6 109 CraM lapidl Ill 1984 16,1J) 16,257 '· 6)9 s- 137 2. 168 6,728 389 19 1 SJ se 1 1, 25~ • ,206 9,251 6~8 12• Staarord CT 198~ 6,866 8 26 228 ,.9 1. •61 4, j4. 648 ••2) 0 1985 15,870 15,918 19 219 J~) '· 889 67 J 1, ),S'IC 9, )18 '1 62 108 1985 6,118 6, ISS 5 16 27) 205 1,2)0 ),178 611 37 CireallaDOro ., 1984 8,812 a, eo• 8 56 1 sc bSJ I, 796 5,805 )1- 52 Starlin& Hel&llta Ill 198~ -.575 •• 596 I )1 j7 211 198S 2)ij 881 2, 84!2 592 21 z 9,989 10, o•g 1) ;a 70) 2,20. 6, )98 )8) 60 1985 S,199 s. 22) 7 1\) 6• 215 1,021 3,272 601 26 Maapton u 198• 1,-06 7 •• !>1 10 -7 171 175 1,560 ~. Stoollton ~ 111 )32 ., CA 198• 17 ,2)• 17. JlJ 29 90 65) 5~!> •, o•a 10, J77 912 99 198') 7 ,og• 7,1;7 6 •2 141 191 1,0-7 s. )88 zag 1985 11), )89 Hartford •J 19, •97 27 91 705 7)8 •• 9113 11,769 1,096 108 ~ CT 19h 18,111 18,399 22 108 1 ,565 9S7 9, 52) 1, 584 228 S11nnyvah C& 198• •• 005 2 25 85 1985 11,671 -. 412 • • 03• 8• 18l 2. 771 256 29 t:%'.1 17,91• 12 10b 1,520 1, Ob6 •• 627 8. 875 1, 471 2J1 1985 a,oo• •, OjS 5 29 83 107 809 2, 710 261 ]1 Nar .. ar4 CA 198. 6,860 6, <;08 8 172 1,66) Vl •o 356 -,220 • n1 •a Srrao11ae n 1984 11, •os 11, s 18 12 67 su )H 3. ~01 6, 6- J 11) 1~85 ?,US •111 7,501 6 J6 250 JH 1, 69) 4. 610 •71 56 1985 12,0!>0 12, I tj 12 80 SS1 370 3. 7•1 6,870 -16 11) Vl Hale all rL 19811 10,28• 10, )j4 22 ,. 6~2 1, 95 I s. 700 1,472 Tacoaa ~ •H so liA 198• 19, 1JS 19 • .156 15 ~oe 689 ~)- 19&5 1J. jj2 1),409 6, 1J8 10, J2l 829 121 ... i9 ~;a 7CI 2. 921 6,1.15 2. J16 77 1985 21,002 ~1. 1.>9 1:S 279 6•o 1,078 Ho11rwoocl FL 198q 10,186 10,2)1 6 7. 1)7 10, 9•1 912 121 •s )9l •7• 2. 2l• 6, )lol 687 lo!> Tal1allaaue rL 1984 a,.06 i, ·~~ 70 1b9 5'2 2, 051 5,251 29) 22 0 19&5 11,)66 11,40• s •l •'IY ~OS 2,)9~ .,, 02• 915 1985 11,01) l1,Colt) ) Hoeolw1w 'J8 • 12 260 059 2, 816 b,•9S 30 HI 198• .4,560 4S. oo• 2S 25!> 1, 117 ~Sl 9,)20 }0, 191 ), 099 Ta•pa IL 19aq Jj. 959 ... z 1•.170 1, 84) 1985 42, o•e .... 52 n1 ],680 9,196 17,190 1, 721 211 -2.•H !6 2.8 SSe 8. 98~ c8,en 2,.11 ~27 1985 11,710 .,, 9t>J 70 288 2,6~7 HOIII\011 u 198• 1'9,199 151,200 ·~~ l.a•o 12,117 20, S70 2,228 19) -n t,J69 s. 157 ~.~S6 38.201 67,038 28,805 2,001 Toledo Oil 1S8• 21>,268 ~6.9 '/0 3• 21S 1,095 ' 9J6 6,285 IS,S72 2,1)1 702 > 19~5 155,910 IS7,869 45'1 1,711 ~ 9, 589 •. 7u- •o,2c1 67.496 )1 • 7•6 1. 979 llt&S 2~. 9J• 2~. c9l 27 136 Y70 926 5, 861 1s,o•2 1,1172 .lS9 N11nUn1ton hacl\ C& 1984 a, 8,887 8 19~ au 4•9 2. 518 !>,0~2 159 69 Topeka ItS 198• e. •~9 •• -9~ ; 59 216 2~2 1985 4 •2s 1, 918 5,58~ so I, '99 1,537 ••38 172 252 c ,)!>0 •• 916 767 ;a 1985 9,27'1 9,)12 6 56 l26 •o6 l. )6} •• 921 299 ~ N11nUwl1la AL 198• 11,396 11, •5• 12 71 2•7 }60 Torra11oe CA 198q . JS 2. •a• 7, 759 •63 58 6,662 '· 709 6 l' 289 2)0 1, 457 ),620 1,026 •1 t:%'.1 198S 10,877 10,940 11 H 206 )96 2,200 1. •s4 tl 1Y85 1, 17d 1, 2•s 37 j) 1 !lldepalldallce 110 198• 5,400 5,4U •n 26J 1. '92 ), 927 1,124 61 7 2) 87 220 1,238 ), 509 ) 16 Twcaon u 198• 35,616 3S. 834 25 282 809 1, 8•3 9,909 20,292 2,•s6 218 ~ ~,)11 .. 1985 5,J2a I 18 79 2~- 1, 1 ,, ), •98 ))I •l 1985 J8,2!>0 li,SO) Jl- 297 1,051 2,3)) 9,9U 12, SS6 2,0)6 25) llldla11a110lU 11 1984 29, 10) 29,)6~ 49 )24 1, a•2 2,151 '· 16} 1 J. !>!>2 ),012 259 Twlla OK 1984 )1, 609 Jl, 971 :so Z•6 go• 1, 4)9 •• 712 15,919 4,359 j62 0 1985 29,651 29,871 59 l•b I, 7Y5 2, •22 8, 209 1),927 2,89, 220 198, J2, 8-6 J), 082 H 268 796 1,999 9,078 htlawood C& 198• 8,56• 8,642 27 101 1S,Sl0 5,142 2)6 ~ 1,206 sn 2, SO) 2,394 I, 76il 78 HrUnla lluch YA 198• 14,6,7 14,8-2 I) 118 235 252 ),21) 10,291 578 liS 1985 a,165 8,286 27 106 1, 16. 59~ 2,27~ l, •15 1,56J 121 1985 15,889 16, 02• 11 98 205 2j0 J,27) tj lr•1n& tl 198• 9, 901 10,008 16 11,-7) 59) 1JS 68 Ia• ~·2 2. 27) 6,099 1j9 107 ltlaoo Tl 198• 8,929 •• 966 I) 65 219 163 2,290 5,5•9 )]0 lT 1985 12,025 12,1)1 1<1 82 20J 5•8 2. 7~6 7 ,60) 8)1 106 1985 9, 795 9, 8)5 77 185 S21 2,858 5,13, 412 40 JacllaOfl liS 1981 ~~.127 14,21) )2 1)8 I -97 9!>0 4. )0~ 7 1 H) 763 86 Warrell Ill 198• 10,<;01 IC, 915 259 5)9 1,76) ,. 1985 1),307 1),)79 )8 •s •9 6, 1-4 2, 1•2 Vl 116 441 80) J,967 1, jl) !>18 7l 1985 11,050 11,059 9 •9 272 672 1, 7 Jl 6,29S 2,022 9 JICIIIOIIUlle rL 19a• 42,6!>9 4J,027 103 ~87 2. 1.l• J, 40• 11,6)0 22. 9)6 1, 865 j68 ltlaahi111ton DC 1981 5s,S2• s;,a5e 17'} )66 6,087 t:%'.1 1985 92• 4, 097 10,95- 27,471 4,37• ll' ,a, •9.Jl9 90 705 2,69J l. 813 I), b6J 25.806 2,154 -1 s ~te5 so. 075 so, )69 147 lJ7 5,2]0 •. •s1 10,005 2•, er. 5,015 294 . Jeraar Cltr •J 198• 16,1)5 16,188 j2 141 1,H8 1, ocz •• 261 6, 077 2,8U ljaUrllllrJ C'C 198• 6, )52 Sl '· )99 26 212 204 ,,.29 .,061 -16 •1 z 1985 17,"71 17,566 29 98 4,01o1 1,20J I, 1 bO 6, 650 3,270 95 1985 6,887 ~. 929 •5 )5 2)0 1,665 1111111 cur 198. 15, 74.l 2) 1)1 139 -.307 506 •2 u IS, 8!>2 !>09 1, )29 • ,600 1, 1)5 1, •o9 110 ltlloi\Ua kS 198• ~.725 21,992 12 207 •51 6511 4,537 U,883 977 267 > 19e!l 14,451 14,!>59 2J 1)9 Sl5 1,,22 -.o;e 6,827 1,••7 108 1985 .21, 751 21,972 26 249 1,12) &aaaaa cur 110 1984 ,5,416 699 698 -.au 14,114 221 ~ 45. e•a 88 )72 a.-•o -,207 . 11,182 22,729 ,,])a ~)2 llloiUU Ialli TX 1981 7,2H 7 • .!27 15 80 206 )09 1, 756 •, '79 399 8) 1985 '6,616 -7.111 91 -24 2,b•6 4,851 11,1U 21,88a 5,552 •9s 1985 8,512 1,598 10 64 t:%'.1 &aonllle 2•2 298 5,581 ]92 86 Tl 1984 9,796 9,907 20 86 281 '92 j, 192 •.•so 1,275 111 ltl1nl\on·S•I•• IC 198~ 11,3•7 11, ~70 2) 59 262 1,515 }~m 6,471 12] 10,8)7 '56 1985 10, 94S lb 6~ -20 579 J, 302 4. 956 1, '99 lOa 1985 10;588 ~~. 728 16 77 287 1,509 2,596 5,593 510 1•0 ...... 0 .. co 1984 9,029 9,082 2 42 169 )89 2,1 J1 5,797 •99 53 Vorou\ar "' 198- 10,281 10, ••9 8 87 524 724 ],202 •• 786 950 168 1985 10,261 10,)21 I -e 190 •78 2. 438 6,5)'> 570 60 1~85 11,701 II, 784 6 109 6)8 768 8) ..... ,n, 92 . 1,•oa 5,579 1,19J Ill 198• 9,4]8 9,5)8 17 180 81) 2, )I) 5,49) ~60 100 Yonker al n 19e• 9,01!1 9,082 ,. )0 59• 327 2, ,._ ... 398 1,•88 u 1985 9,an 9,978 b 75 210 11) 2, )91 5, 998 101 1985 9,235 ]0 1)0 2,0., Lar.. o •2• 21 ' 20) 4,804 1, •o6 Tl 198• 7. 10) 1, ,.0 12 )5 107 316 2,015 -,205 ]8] )7 TOIInlltOwnl Oil 1984 7,190 2) s• 377 598 2,50) 1,619' 1,016 1985 1,918 1,026 IS •o 1)8 •o·1 2,101 5)6 1915 7. )51 21 LU Ye1u ..... •a u •l6 696 2,.98 2,)9) 1,2•9 .. 1984 )4,81J )5,274 67 z•s 1,161 1,2)0 10,87• 17,622 ),008 461 19n )!1, 191 )S, 547 57 271 1,755 1, !>)I 9,975 18,5)) ),059 )56 L.. 1111ton "' 198- 1), 247 1). )45 1) 89 )Qq 6-2 j ,06• 8,428 707 98 1985 1), 90S 1), 916 7 98 )4'0 7•J ),051 8,986 700 .• 71 L111ool11 •• 1984 9,132 9, 791 s 7a 81 )59 1,779 7,151 27'J 59 (1) 198• 8nd 1985 ..u are no\ coaparable. 198!» 10,785 10,811 7 86 86 -28 1,9)1 7,977 263 ' 26 . (2) 1981 ariOn daU not coaparable Wl\1\ !its. Lntle loo• &I,,.. 16,779 16,912 )S 169 73) 1,l9S .,,.6 a,911 787 1)) (3) CoaplaU araon 4ata ware not aulhble tor 19S. a11cl/or 1915. 1985 1I,U4 18,626 32 169 115 1,706 •.uo 10,161 851 162 • ( •> Forcible rape fl111r .. f11rn1111e• br \1\a auu-hwal uurora C:rl•a Luo•la Ill 19a- ),20') J,228 2 S6 91 75~ 1, 65] 6•9 5 .. portlnl (UCI) Pro1ra• a4alnlltered by tile llllno1a O.partaant ot .1915 -.821 '. 84) ) 16• 19 161 1,0]8 2,608 92) IS Stat~ Pollee ware not la accor•ance w1tll natlo111l UC:I 1111eeUaaa. LOlli ..lcll CA 1914 )0,591 10, eo• -I au 2,591 1,,)69 7,892 1•,285 21) 1985 )O, 795 )0, 968 6) '· 171 2]5 2,405 ,,.)1 8,271 14,212 ,,118 17) Tran41 lll. all \alllea or \1111 report are baaed 011 \1\e Y01118e ~ Loa &111alaa C:A 1914 297,18) )02,)0) 759 2,.!47 27,)2) 21,01) 68,696 128,5)8 ,8,!107 5,120 of erlaaa repor\ad IIJ ooaparable 11111t1. A1encr rapor\a wllloll ere ~ 1985 294, '04 299, H2 171 2,J11 27,931 21,799 6),96) 12~,968 S1,6q1 S,H8 4aUralna4 to 11e lnf111enead lly cl\ana• 1n rapor\1111 pr1cu... tor aU .._ LOIIlnUle f n 191, 16,554 16, 76J J9 142 1,074 569 4,991 1,748 991 209 or apeelflo ortanaea, or llr annaut1o111, are raao••• troa \re,.. \ablaa. 1915 16, 814' 16.968 )0 119 1,266 SlO 5,019 1,67) 1,177 1~ .;.c LIIIIIIOcll Tl 198' 18,216 18,•63 27 100 l" 1,2J8 6,oo6 9,6&o as• 211 &ll 1985 fl111rea are preUa111ary. Phal tl&uru 111e erlM 1985 11,519 17,652 20 96 280 1,126 5,679 9,662 716 1] ruu per 11111t or I>OPIIlatlon wUI M pvbllallad l11 •trlM ln \he .._ GA 1914 7,5)) ..... 7,501 19 158 396 1,499 •.us --6 J2 . Ual\ad suua • 1915• Hllad11l..ed \0 M ralaalld 111 the a-•r or 1916. ~ I \liS 7,7)6 1,11) 16 ••53 liS lS' 1,S25 5,171 4)2 )7 Oo ~ May 19, 1986 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11211 IJNIF'ORM ':RIHt: REPORT 19ts5 Plii:· •.i.'HlNARY ~NNUAL RELEASE

The nuaber of Crime Index offen.s~.s reported to law enforcement agenc1es throughout the United States increased II percent during 1965 when compared to 19811. The violent crimes of murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault increased 5 percent a.s a group while the property crimes of burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft increased II percent.

~ring t.he fir.st quart~ of 1985, the increase wa.s 3 percent over the Sdllle quarter of 19811. When comparing · the .second and third ' quarters of 19811 and 19d5, the increase was 1 percent while the fourth quarter increased J percent.

Crime Index trends by population voups and by geographic regions appear in Tables 1-j below. TABLE 1 - CR!HE INDEX TRENDS Percent chanlle 1985 over 19811, offenses known to the police. Number Popu- Population Group of lat,ion Cri111e Hodi-• Vio- Prop-• for- Aggra- Lar- Hot or Met Area agen- (thou- Index fied lent erty 1'\Jr- cible Rc»- vated Bur- ceny vehicle cies sands) total total crilne crime der rape bery esault glary theft theft Arson•

Total 13,016 222,182 + lj + 4 + 5 + 4 + 1 + 1i + 3 + 6 + 2 + 5 + 6 + j Cities: Over 1,000,000 5 111,8118 0 0 + 2 - 1 + 2 + 6 0 • 6 - 3 + 1 -II • 6 500,000 to 999,999 17 12,030 +AI +II • 5 + 4 - z • 6 + 2 • 7 • 2 + 5 + 8 + 3 250,000 to 499,999 36 -13,082 .• 8 • 8 • 9 + 8 • 8 • 7 +10 +10 • 1 + 6 +15 - 4 100,000 to 2119,999 124 18,066 + 5 • 5 + 7 + 5 - 1 + 1 • 6 • 9 + 3 + 5 +10 + q 50,000 to 99,999 298 20,378 ... • II + j + 5 0 + 2 + 3 + 3 • 3 • 5 • 9 - II 25,000 to 119,999 6111 22,171 • 5 + 5 • 6 + 5 • 2 • 5 • 5 • 6 • 3 + 5 + 7 • 7 10,000 to 211,999 1,578 24,9113 • 5 + 5 ... + 5 + 3 + 1 + 3 • 4 + j + 5 + 6 + 9 Under 10,000 6,256 22,706 + j + j • 2 + 3 + 8 - 2 0 + 3 • 2 • 3 + 7 + 8 Counties; Subur~ 1,245 115,050 + 6 + 6 + 5 • 6 - 2 + j • 3 + 6 + 3 + 6 +10 + 4 Rural 2,816 28,908 + 2 +-2 • 6 + 1 0 + 9 - .. + 7 + 2 0 + 5 + 2 (1) Includes crimes reported to sheriffs' departlaents f county police departments, and state police within Metropolitan Statistical Areas. (2) Includes crillles repor'ed to sheriffs' departments, county police departments, and state police outside Metropolitan Statistical Area.s. TABLE 2 - CRIME INDEX TRENDS Jtumber Popu- . ~f lation Crime Hodi-• Yio- Prop-• for- Aggr .. - tAr- Hotor Area .. . agen- (thou- Index fied lent erty Hur- cible Rc»- vated Bur- ceny vehicle ~ies Sands) total total crime· crime der rape ~ry assault glary theft theft Arson•

Total 13,016 222,182 • Ji + q + 5 + q + 1 + Ji • 3 + 6 + 2 • 5 • 6 + 3

.. Cities over· ~~QOO 1180 78,11011 + It +II + 5 + 4 + 1 + 5 • 3 • 7 + 2 + 5 . + 5 + 1 Suburban ~ea 6,1~ 91,331 • 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 0 0 • It + 5 + 3 + 6 • 9 + 5 Rural ••• 2;816 . 28,908 . + 2 + 2 + 6 + 1 0 • s - .. + 7 + 2 0 + 5 + 2 Other Cities3 3,59J. 23,5311 + J + 3 + .. + 3 + 5 - 3 0 + 5 • 3 + j + 6 + 9

( 1) lncludu ori.es r•port:ed· tQ city, county, and st.at.e la" enforcement agencies within Metropolitan Statistical Areas, but outside the core cities. (2) Includes c:rilles reported to :sheriffs' departments, county police departments, and state police outside Metropolitan Statistical Areas. (3) Includes crt.s reported to city police departments outside. of Metropolitan Statist1cal Areas.

TABLE 3 - CRIME JNW TRENDS BY GE(X;RAPHIC REGION

CrliDe Hodl-· Hot or Index fied Violent Property• Forcible Aggravated Larceny- vehicle Res ion total total ce:iaee crime Hurder rape Robbery assault Burglary theft theft Arson•

Total + + Ji + 5 + 1 + + j + + 2 + + 6 + j 4 + " 4 6 5 NOrtheaat. + z + z + j + 1 - 3 +Z + 1 + 5 0 + 3 - 1 + 5 Midwest 0 0 + 2 - 1 + 9 • 6 - 2 + II - 3 + 1 - 2 - 1 South • 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 - 1 + 6 + 1 + 8 • 6 + 8 +16 + 1 West + 5 + 5 + 5 + 6 • 2 + 2 + II + 6 + .. + 6 +10 + 6

TA&U At - CRIME IN[)[X TRENDS January U,roush Decellber, each year over previous year. crt.e MOdi-· Motor Index fied Violent Property• forcible Aggravated Larceny- vehicle Years total total crllllt! cri111e Murder rape Robbery assault Burlllary theft theft Arson•

198271981 .. . j - 3 - 3 - 3 - 1 - 5 - "{ • 6 - 9 - 1 - 2 -12 1983.(1982 - 7 - 7 - 5 - 7 - 8 0 - 8 - 2 - 9 - 6 - 5 -11 198AI/1983 - 2 - 2 + 1 - 2 . - 3 • 1 - II + 5 - 5 - 2 + 2 + 2 19851198AI .. - +" • 5 ." • 1 + 4 + 3 • 6 • 2 + 5 + 6 + 3 i'Jbe Moc:hfied Cri~~~e- Index total is the sun of the Crime Index offenses, 1ncluding arson. Data for arson are- not included in the property crt. totals. The n..-.,. of agency reports used in arson trends is less Ulan used in compiling trends for other Crime Index offenses. It IList be noted that the collection of arson dat.. began in April, 1979, with l980 being the first full year of this daw collection.

lSSl£0 .BY ~Hl1• H. · Webster, Director, federal Bureau of . .investigation Un1~ States Depart.ll!lent of Justice, wasoington, D. C. 20535 Advisory: CO..ittee on Unifor. Cri.. Records, International Association of Chiefs of P~lic~; C:O.Uttee on Unifn erw. Reportins, National Sheriffls' Association FBIIOOJ 11212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19, 1986 Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I am a cording to that organization, any I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Presi­ cosponsor of Senator GoRTON's change may well affect and disrupt dent, that both of these documents be amendment to begin daylight saving the balancing of interests among AM printed in the RECORD. time the first Sunday in April. I hope radio broadcasters. In particular, they There being no objection, the mate­ my colleagues will join me in support­ object to any amendment in which rial was ordered to be printed in the ing this measure that will improve the Congress sets what are known as sign­ RECORD, as follows: quality of life of millions of Ameri­ on times for daytime broadcasters. No INCREASE IN ScHOOL-AGE TRAFFIC FATALI· cans. I would note, Mr. President, that TIES DUE TO DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME, NA­ Under current law, April sunrises are this amendment offered by the Sena­ TIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL SAYS the earliest of the year. The effect of tor from Washington and myself does CHICAGo.-Daylight savings time means this amendment would be to transfer not attempt to set sign-on times for traveling to school in darkness for many an hour of daylight from the earily daytime broadcasters. It recognizes young persons; but according to the Nation­ morning to the early evening for 3 the Federal Communications Commis­ al Safety Council, the change in lighting weeks in April. Americans would then sion's technical expertise in this area has had little or no effect on the number of have an extra hour of daylight at the and enables the Commission to make early-morning fatalities among school-age end of the day for safer commuting, any necessary adjustments by general children. for play time for children, for shop­ rules consistent with the public inter­ "The Council's statistics department sur­ ping, and for leisure time with their est. veyed all 50 states and the District of Co­ families. For those 400,000 Americans So the basis of the concern by the lumbia to determine if there was any in­ who suffer from night blindness the crease in the number of school-child fatali­ National Association of Broadcasters ties for January, 1974, as compared with extra evening hour of daylight will has been accommodated by the January, 1973," NSC President Vincent have a very important impact on their amendment which gives the FCC that Tofany explained. lives. flexibility. "The survey respondents, who represent­ In 1974 and 1975 the U.S. Depart­ Daytime radio stations begin broad­ ed 75 percent of our population in 42 states ment of Transportation found that ex­ casting at sunrise and, therefore, they and the District of Columbia, showed no ap­ tended daylight saving time reduced fear that daylight saving time's later preciable difference between the two electric power consumption, saving sunrises would cut into their morning months in the number of early-morning pe­ 100,000 barrels of oil per day, discour­ drive time. However, it should be em­ destrian and pedalcycle fatalities experi­ aged violent crime, and reduced traffic enced by children 4 through 18 years old," phasized that, if this amendment is en­ he said. fatalities. acted and becomes law, daylight An extension would also stimulate According to the Council, 20 traffic fatali­ saving time in April would not subject ties were recorded in January, 1974, among business activity. More than 8,300 them or anyone else to sunrises any children aged 4 through 18 walking or ped­ companies from a wide variety of in­ later than already take place in the aling during the going-to-school hours from dustries have joined forces as the day­ fall under the current system. 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. By ~omparison, 19 fa­ light savings time coalition. The coali­ The Federal Communications Com­ talities were recorded for January, 1973. tion estimates that an extension could mission already has mitigated the Thirteen of the 20 youthful traffic fatali­ generate billions of dollars in addition­ impact of daylight saving time by ties in January, 1974, were children under al revenues and lead to the creation of granting daytimers what is known as 14 years old, Council spokesmen said. many new jobs. presunrise authority in which stations Eleven of the 19 fatalities recorded for Jan­ Those who live on the western edge uary, 1973, were under 14 years old. can sign on at 6 a.m. regardless of sun­ Over a 24-hour period, school-age traffic of a time zone may be concerned that rise time but at reduced power. So I deaths throughout the United States were their children would leave for school believe, Mr. President, that the con­ down from 76 fatalities in January, 1973, to in the dark. The amendment takes cerns of AM radio broadcasters are ac­ 55 fatalities in January, 1974, the Council this concern into account by limiting commodated in this amendment. reported. the extension to April. During those 3 With respect to the question of "Of the forty-three reporting agencies, weeks in April the Sun would rise and safety, in 1975, when daylight saving twenty-nine states and the District of Co­ set about the same time it does now in time was being considered by the lumbia showed either no changes or de­ mid-August and early September. creases in the number of school-age fatali­ Senate, the National Safety Council ties," Tofany said. "Three states-Alaska, Time is our most valuable but fleet­ issued a statement based upon a study ing resource. An extension will enable Arizona and Idaho-were not included in which concluded that there was no in­ the survey since they had not shifted over Americans to use and enjoy their time crease in school-age traffic fatalities to daylight savings time. Ten states-Flori­ more fully. And that is why I ask my due to daylight saving time. da, Nevada, Virginia, Illinois, New Mexico, colleagues to support the extension of On November 11, 1985, the director, Wisconsin, Connecticut, Louisiana, North daylight savings time to the first Standards and Governmental Rela­ Carolina and Pennsylvania-had increases Sunday in April. tions of the National Safety Council in the number of schoolage traffic fatali­ Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, the wrote to the Senate Commerce Com­ ties." distinguished Senator from Washing­ mittee regarding that study, in effect Of the states with increased fatalities, ton has in my judgment eloquently Florida, according to the Council, showed stating that its conclusions were still the biggest increase-up five fatalities in and with careful marshaling of the valid. And I would like to quote briefly January, 1974, as compared with January, evidence set forth the reasons why from that letter of November 11, 1985, 1973. Council spokesmen said Illinois this amendment should be adopted by which reads, in part: showed the second largest increase-up four the Senate. The statement summarizes results of two fatalities. Connecticut and North Carolina 0 1600 studies the National Safety Council con­ both showed increases of three fatalities, ducted in the early 1970's concerning school while the remaining six states reported in­ It is not my intention to repeat the child traffic fatalities arising out of chang­ creases of one school-age fatality each. statements which he has made. I ing the daylight saving time cycle. In sum­ would like to address just briefly one mary, the studies indicate that extending NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, question raised by the opponents and the daylight saving time cycle would not November 11, 1985. then insert some material in the have any appreciable effect on the number Mr. CHARLES FAUST, RECORD before I conclude. of school age children or pedal-cyclists Senate Commerce Committee, The opponents argue in opposition killed in traffic accidents while going to or Hart Senate Office Building, from school. We do not know of any other Washington, DC. to this amendment in part on the similar studies conducted by any other orga­ DEAR MR. FAUST: Concerning the issue of grounds that the National Association nization since 1975, nor do we have reason the extension of daylight saving time, en­ of Broadcasters opposes an extension to believe that the results of the Council's closed is a statement the National Safety of daylight saving time because, ac- studies are not still valid. Council presented to the Senate Commerce May 19, 1986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11213 Committee November 13, 1975 on amend­ THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION, This is the Senate bill they refer to ments to the "Uniform Time Act of 1966." Washington, DC, May 7, 1986. that is being tacked onto this bill as an The statement summarizes results of two Hon. ROBERT DOLE, amendment. And this is a line I think studies the National Safety Council con­ U.S. Senate, Hart Senate Office Building, ducted in the early 1970's concerning school Washington, DC. that is important. child traffic fatalities arising out of chang­ DEAR BoB: I write to you today to reiterate The National Association of Broadcasters ing the daylight saving time cycle. In sum­ my support for starting daylight saving time is opposed to this bill. The proposed legisla­ mary, the studies indicate that extending earlier in April. This proposal will be tion would seriously impact on radio broad­ the daylight saving time cycle would not considered as floor amendment 1793 to S. casters. In order to avoid interference of the have any appreciable effect on the number 2180. AM band, the Federal Communications of school age children or pedalcyclists killed Studies by the Department of Transporta­ Commission has struck a delicate balance tion and other agencies of government­ between various classes of AM radio sta­ in traffic accidents while going to or from Federal, State, and local-plus American in­ school. We do not know of any other similar tions. This involves the use of directional dustry have shown that this step would antennas, reduced power levels, and daytime studies conducted by any other organization reduce deaths, injuries, and property only stations. since 1975, nor do we have reason to believe damage on our highways, while making that the results of the Council's studies are more efficient use of energy and reducing Let us go back. The FCC has struck not still valid. certain types of crime. On the basis of 1983 a delicate balance, and this amend­ Extending the daylight saving time to the figures, DST in April would reduce traffic ment will fracture the delicate balance first Sunday in November would provide an deaths nationwide by a minimum of 22, in­ that has been struck by the Federal additional hour of p.m. daylight for the Hal­ juries by a minimum of 1525, and societal Communications Commission. loween trick-or-treaters and presumably this costs from auto accidents by a minimum of may have some minor effect on accidents in­ The Federal Communications Commission $28 million. I emphasize that each of these has on several occasions in recent years volving this group. figures is a minimum with possible savings Sincerely, being as much as twice as large. taken action to preserve that balance. ROBERT CURRIE, The current law-the Uniform Time Act Therefore, any change in daylight savings Director, Standards and of 1966-does not require that anyone ob­ time may well affect and disrupt the balanc­ Governmental Relations. serve DST, it merely establishes a uniform ing of interest among AM radio broadcast­ ers. In particular, any amendment in which WILSON assumed the chair.) pattern for each year's observance. The ma­ of the Congressional Budget By Mr. HATCH assist private ef­ LEY, Mr. MATSUNAGA, Mr. MURKOW­ able in our neighborhoods and wherev­ SKI, Mr. BURDICK, Mr. WILSON, Mr. forts to increase public awareness, im­ er we may travel. HOLLINGS, Mr. CRANSTON, Mr. prove family support programs and ad­ Thus, it is fitting that we recognize McCLURE, Mr. TRIBLE, Mr. SPECTER, vance the research of critical care the efforts of the many professionals Mr. THURMOND, Mr. ANDREWS, Mr. medicine. across America who are devoted to KERRY, Mr. DODD, Mr. GRAMM, and Critical care medicine is a broad critical care. Mr. D'AMATo): term describing the medical treatment S.J. Res. 349. Joint resolution to designate • Mr. D'AMATO. Mr. President, I rise for patients in life-threatening situa­ today to cosponsor legislation intro­ the week of May 25, 1986, through May 31, tions requiring immediate care. Coro­ 1986, as "Critical Care Week"; to the Com­ duced by my colleague from Utah, Mr. mittee on the Judiciary. nary, respiratory, neonatal, trauma, HATCH, regarding critical care. I am By Mr. LUGAR of to Namibian independence; ness about critical care will help this the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 be­ Whereas, historic U.S. foreign policy has Nation better address this serious cause the bill provides new entitlement au­ encouraged and aided indigenous political problem.e thority to become effective during fiscal groups and similar organizations in develop­ year 1987 and would result in a change in ing countries which seek to establish non­ revenues effective during fiscal year 1987, Soviet controlled and democratic govern­ ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS before the first concurrent resolution on the ments; budget for fiscal year 1987 has been agreed Whereas, Namibia's Transitional Govern­ Due to a mechanical malfunction, to. ment of National Unity and the various po­ the additional cosponsors for May 19, The budget authority provided in H.R. litical parties comprising Namibia's Multi­ 1986, will be shown in the REcORD of 2672 authorizes contributions from the em­ Party Conference represent the most hope­ May 20, 1986. ployee and the employing agency to the ful, reasonable and constructive avenue to pension system to fund future retirement achieve peace in South West Africa and benefits and authorizes the payment of en­ should be supported by the United States; SENATE RESOLUTION 409-SENSE titlement benefits to individuals qualifying Now, therefore be it, resolved: That it is OF THE SENATE REGARDING for such benefits under the provisions of the sense of the U.S. Senate that- TAX REFORM LEGISLATION H.R. 2672. (1) The United States should continue to Mr. MATTINGLY submitted the pursue serious multi-lateral initiatives following resolution; which was re­ aimed at achieving removal of all Cuban SENATE RESOLUTION 411-EX­ combat troops now occupying Angola, clo­ ferred to the Committee on Finance. PRESSING SUPPORT FOR sure of all SWAPO bases in southern S. RES. 409 THOSE WORKING FOR FREE­ Angola and impartiality by United Nations Whereas previous, constant, and conflict­ DOM AND AGAINST COMMU­ in treatment of all Namibian political par­ ing policy changes in the tax code by the NISM IN SOUTH AFRICA/NA­ ties wishing to appear at the United Na­ Congress make it difficult for individuals to MIBIA tions, and properly plan for their future; <2> The Department of State should im­ Whereas such constant and conflicting Mr. SYMMS submitted the follow­ mediately establish contact with the leaders policy changes by the Congress retard cap­ ing resolution; which was referred to of all political parties who make up the Na­ ital formation by increasing risks; the Committee on Foreign Relations: mibia Multi-Party Conference and Namibia Whereas such constant and conflicting S. RES. 411 Transitional Government of National Unity, policy changes by the Congress place undue and burdens on individuals and businesses by re­ Whereas, the President of the United States has expressed U.S. foreign policy as (3) The United States Government should quiring the otherwise unnecessary utiliza­ implement its support for Namibia's Transi­ tion of financial resources in anticipation of opposing Soviet-backed terrorist compaigns to subvert or seize control of non-Soviet tional Government of National Unity pend­ such changes and modifications; ing a negotiated plan for internationally ac­ Whereas the Internal Revenue Service is countries and territories in various parts of the world, including Central America, S.E. ceptable independence by- drained of limited resources in trying to (a) Establishing an interest section in adapt to such changes in the tax code, and Asia, the Middle East, Afghanistan and South West Africa; Windhoek. the ensuing problems are in turn trans­ (b) Dispatching a delegation of officials to ferred to taxpayers; Whereas, approximately 40,000 Cuban combat soldiers and several thousand Soviet Windhoek for bilateral talks. Whereas one of the greatest burdens (c) Including Namibia among African na­ placed upon small businesses is the paper­ and East German advisers presently occupy Angola and lend support to the Soviet­ tions receiving aid from the U.S. and inter­ work required to comply with the tax code, national organizations the U.S. supports. and constant changes by Congress unnessar­ backed terrorist campaign of SWAPO SWAPO, to participate in exercising the ing genuine independence for Na­ of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, powers of local self-government enjoyed for mibia, which since 1920 has been ad- 11220 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19, 1986 ministered by South Africa pursuant <2> adopted pursuant to section 3(a)(l) of that the Subcommittee on Energy Re­ to a League of Nations mandate. such Act by a State that lies entirely within search and Development of the Com­ The Namibia TGNU and Multi­ one time zone, mittee on Energy and Natural Re­ Party Conference support the U.S. shall be held and considered to remain in sources will conduct the following policy of peaceful change and an end effect as the exercise by that State of the oversight hearings: exemption permitted by such Act unless the to apartheid in South Africa. Indeed, State, by law, provides that such exemption Monday, June 16, beginning at 1 on April 9 of this year the Namibian shall not apply. p.m. in room SD-366 of the Senate National Assembly abolished apart­ (d)(l) Notwithstanding any other law. or Dirksen Office Building in Washing­ heid in South West Africa/Namibia. any regulation issued under any such law, ton, DC, on the second waste reposi­ In order to support President Rea­ the Federal Communications Commission tory site selection under the Depart­ gan's policy of U.S. Government sup­ shall, consistent with any existing treaty or ment of Energy's Office of Civilian port for internal political groups op­ other agreement, make such adjustment by Radioactive Waste Management. posing the Soviet expansionist cam­ general rules, or by interim action pending Monday, June 23, beginning at 2 such general rules, with respect to hours of paign in southern Africa, I am intro­ operation of daytime standard amplitude p.m. in room SD-366 of the Senate ducing the following "sense of the modulation broadcast stations, as may be Dirksen Office Building in Washing­ Senate" resolution for consideration consistent with the public interest, includ­ ton, DC, on the Department of Ener­ by the U.S. Senate.e ing the public's interest in receiving inter­ gy's budget authority-Office of ference-free service. Energy Research and Office of Envi­ <2> Such general rules, or interim action, ronment, Health and Safety. AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED may include variances with respect to oper­ Those wishing to testify or who wish ating power and other technical operating to submit written statements for the characteristics. (3) Subsequent to the adoption of such hearing record, should write to the FEDERAL FIRE PREVENTION Subcommittee on Energy Research AND CONTROL ACT AUTHORI­ general rules, they may be, varied with re­ spect to particular stations and areas be­ and Development, Committee on ZATION cause of the exigencies in each case. Energy and Natural Resources, U.S. This section shall take effect 60 days Senate, Washington, DC 20510. after the date of enactment of this Act, For further information regarding GORTON that various studies of governmental portation be authorized to meet and nongovernmental agencies indicate that tions of Hon. Frank W. Naylor, Jr. and during the session of the Senate on daylight saving time over an expanded Dr. Marvin R. Duncan to be members Monday, May 19, to conduct a hearing period would produce a significant energy of the Farm Credit administration on the pending product liability legis­ savings in electrical power consumption; Board, Farm Credit Administration. lation. (2) that daylight saving time may yield The meeting will begin at 10 a.m., on The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ energy savings in other areas besides electri­ Tuesday, May 20, 1986, in room 332, out objection, it is so ordered. cal power consumption; Russell Senate Office Building. <3> that daylight saving time over an ex­ For further information, please con­ panded period could serve as an incentive ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS for further energy conservation by individ­ tact Warren Oxford or Terry Wear of uals, companies, and the various govern­ the committee staff at 224-2035. mental entities at all levels of government, COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS and that such energy conservation efforts Mr. WEICKER. Mr. President, I U.N. VOTING PATTERNS SEND could lead to greatly expanded energy sav­ wish to announce that the committee's DISTURBING SIGNALS ings; and notice which appeared in the May 16, (4) that the use of daylight saving time • Mr. KASTEN. Mr. President, this is over an expanded period could have other 1986, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, con­ the Year of Liberty, the year during beneficial effects on the public interest, in­ tained a misprint. The Senate Small which we will rededicate the statue in cluding the reduction of crime, improved Business Committee's oversight hear­ New York harbor that for the past traffic safety, more daylight outdoor play­ ing on the implementation of the century has welcomed to our shores time for the children and youth of our Prompt Payment Act, Public Law 97- and to a new life the oppressed, impov­ Nation, greater utilization of parks and 177, will take place on Thursday, June erished citizens of the world. recreation areas, expanded economic oppor­ 19, 1986, and not in July, as was erro­ And in rededicating ourselves to the tunity through extension of daylight hours neously printed by the REcORD. The to peak shopping hours and through exten­ principles of liberty that make this sion of domestic office hours to periods of hearing will commence at 10 a.m. and Nation great, we also are renewing our greater overlap with the European Econom­ will be held in room 428A of the Rus­ commitment as a nation blessed by ic Community. sell Senate Office Building. For fur­ prosperity to help those countries less (b) Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act ther information, please contact Wil­ fortunate than ourselves. of 1966 (15 U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended by liam B. Montalto, procurement policy American largesse is historic. It also striking "last Sunday of April" and insert­ counsel for the committee, at 224- is taken for granted. And while we ing in lieu thereof "first Sunday of April". 5175. should never as a nation turn our (c) Any law in effect on the date of the en­ actment of this Act- SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY RESEARCH AND backs on those in need, we must seri­ O> adopted pursuant to section 3(a)(2) of DEVELOPMENT ously consider our priorities in giving the Uniform Time Act of 1966 by a State Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I aid to the world. with parts thereof in more than one time would like to announce for the infor­ Consider this disturbing fact: The zone, or mation of the Senate and the public 159 member states of the United Na- May 19, 1986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11221 tions voted against American interests of the votes, and it has since raised its Ethiopia...... 9.3 in the General Assembly last year on level of support to over 70 percent. Benin...... 8.8 average 80 percent of the time. Mr. President, we are not attempting Libya...... 6.9 Mr. President, that is the conclusion to buy votes with the aid we send to Mozambique...... 5.9 Algeria...... 5.1 of the third annual "Kasten Report," the needy nations of the world. But we Angola...... 3.5 the study of U.N. voting patterns done do have the right to expect that if by the U.S. State Department in ac­ these nations aggressively seek our as­ Group average...... 15.1 cordance with legislation I sponsored sistance, our money, and our protec­ requiring these annual reports. tion, they in tum will support the po­ U.N. VOTING RECORD 40TH GENERAL The report shows ·that once again sitions that continue to keep our AssEMBLY 1 Israel is our staunchest ally, siding Nation strong enough and vital ALL UNGA PLENARY VOTES 2 with us on 91.5 percent of the votes enough to continue sending such as­ [Percent Coincidence with U.S. Votes : sociation, and varied interests at Fair 3541 Devon Dr., Falls Church, Hill in Cecil County. fair market value is $320,000. VA...... 160,000.00 Dr. Torrey C. Brown, secretary of One of the best ways Americans 27 Howard Avenue, Rutland, the department of natural resources, have to judge whether their Govern­ VT ...... 60,000.00 remarked, ment and their officials are acting 64 Litchfield Avenue, Rutland, Fred Eskew was a respected public park properly is to provide full disclosure of VT ...... 100,000.00 and recreational professional leader and is all interests of Government and of remembered for his calm and determined ef­ those who make decisions in Govern­ Total...... 320,000.00 forts. His efforts have contributed toward a ment. Additional assets: marked improvement in the quality of life Thus, I invite all Vermonters-and Contributions to Federal re- throughout the State of Maryland for all its all other Americans-to examine my tirement

Stock name Shares Value FISCAL YEAR 1986 SUPPORTING DETAIL FOR CBO WEEKLY HONORING NAVAL AIR STATION SCOREKEEPING REPORT, U.S. SENATE, 99TH CONGRESS, BARBERS POINT Outboard Marine ...... 40 at 35% ...... 1,415.00 677.00 20 SESSION, AS OF MAY 16, 1986 e Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, 1986 20,703.00 [In millions of dollars] marks the diamond anniversary for 5~{:~~::~: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·::::::: Us::t:~~ :::::::: 69.10 Verbanc (formerly Bellows Falls) ...... 240 at 47% ...... 11,400.00 naval aviation. It was 75 years ago West Point (formerly Cluett Peabody) ...... 18 at 17 '14 ...... • 310.50 Budget authority Outlays Revenues that Capt. Washington Irving Cham­ bers, a naval officer in charge of naval Total ...... 120,461.00 Enacted in previous ses­ Keough account Howard Bank...... 9,186.77 sions: aviation, prepared the requisition for Recapitulation: Total assets...... 805,511.84e Revenues ...... -...... 777,794 the Navy's first aircraft. Permanent appropria- 723,461 629,772 lions and trust During this celebration, I wish to funds. recognize Naval Air Station Barbers Other appropriations.... 525,778 544,947 Point, HI. Initially, a major aircraft BUDGET SCOREKEEPING Offsetting receipts ...... - 188,561 - 188,561 training and servicing center during Total enacted in 1,060,679 986,159 777,794 REPORT previous ses- World War II, Naval Air Station Bar- e Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I sions. bers Point evolved into a major anti­ submarine support community. As the ask to have printed in the RECORD the II. Enacted this session: budget scorekeeping report for this Commodity Credit ...... defense needs of the United States Corporation urgent have changed, so has the type of air­ week," prepared by the Congressional supplemental ap­ Budget Office in response to section 5 propriation, 1986 craft based at the air station. (Public law 99- Under construction prior to the of the first budget resolution for fiscal 243) . Federal Employees ...... 4 ...... attack on Pearl Harbor, NAS Barbers year 1986." This report also serves as Benefits Improve­ Point was hurriedly commissioned on the scorekeeping report for the pur­ ments Act of 1986 Public (law April 15, 1942, and was immediately poses of section 311 of the Congres­ 99-251) . used to train pilots and to service sional Budget Act, "as amended." VA home loan guar- ...... -51 antee amendments planes of aircraft carriers in the Pacif­ U.S. CONGRESS, (Public law 99- ic theater. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, 255) . When the war ended, the original Washington, DC, May 19, 1986. Omnibus Budget Rec- - 4,259 - 6,001 765 onciliation Act of 256-man complement of the station Hon. PETE V. DOMENICI, 1985 (Public law Chairman, Committee on the Budget, 99-272). had grown to over 4,000 servicemen. Department of Agri- ...... The air station then served as a rapid U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. culture urgent DEAR. MR. CHAIRMAN: The attached report supplemental, demobilization center. As military shows the effects of congressional action on 1986 (Public law forces were reduced to peacetime 99-263) . the budget for fiscal year 1986. The estimat­ Advance to Hazard- ...... needs, Barbers Point assumed support ed totals of budget authority, outlays, and ous Substances functions of all aviation activities in revenues are compared to the appropriate Response Trust Fund (Public law the area. or recommended levels contained in the 99-270) . In the next two decades, during the most recent budget resolution, Senate Con­ FHA and GNMA ...... - 380 ...... Korean and Vietnam wars, Barbers current Resolution 32. This report meets Credit Commit- ment Assistance Point again served as a staging area the requirements for Senate scorekeeping of Act (Public law 99-289). for supplies and personnel in defense section 5 of Senate Concurrent Resolution of freedom. Fleet tactical support 32 and is current through May 16, 1986. The Total...... 765 report is submitted under section 308(b) and = -===4,2=59==-=6,=42=8=== squadron 21, or V-21, grew into one of in aid of section 311 of the Congressional 111 . Continuing resolution au-...... the Navy's largest squadrons during Budget Act as amended. thority the Vietnam war, ferrying thousands No changes have occurred since my last IV. Co~~e~i: by ~g~r:: ...... of tons of supplies and personnel into report. v. Entitlement authority and the Southeast Asian theater of oper- other mandatory items t · With best wishes, requiring further appro- a IOns. Sincerely, priation action: From the mid-1950's to 1965, the air EDWARD GRAMLICH, Vet~~~ns compensa- 272 !85 station was also home to airborne n that IS 1n earl~er stages who fled Vietnam. of completion, such as reported from a Senate committee or passed by the 1 lnterfund transactions do not add to budget totals. NAS Barbers Point is also home to Senate. The current level of debt subject to limit reflects the latest U.S. Treasury information on public debt transactions. Note: Numbers may not add due to rounding.e the Navy's oldest active squadron, 2 The current statutory debt limit is $2,078.7 billion. Fleet Composit Squadron One, or VC- 1, Helicopter Squadron Light Thirty­ Seven Reconnaissance Squadron Three, or VQ-3, Coast Guard Air Sta- May 19, 1986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11225 tion, U.S. Army 147th Aviation Co., U.S., today, is as dependent on the sea as ernment cargoes are carried in U.S. ships. and the Hawaii Air National Guard. was England at the outset of World War II, Negotiation of bilateral accords matter's generally greeted in Washington must be relentlessly pressed to reserve rea­ and Atlantic Fleets compete for the with a yawn. sonable cargo percentages for American Chief of Naval Operation's Golden The facts are these. From a tiny fleet in shipping companies. The U.S. would, in a Anchor Award recognizing the best 1945-mostly U.S. lend-lease Liberty ships­ pinch, need guaranteed access to container command in the East and the best in the Soviet merchant marine had grown by ships to carry military equipment. the West for a superior retention pro­ 1984 to an astounding 2,475 ships <1,000 The West can ignore the Soviet war on gram. Last year, Naval Air Station gross tons or over> totaling more than 23 commercial shipping only at its peril.e Barbers Point received the Golden million deadweight tons. In the world, it Anchor Award. ranked second to Panama in numbers of During the 75th anniversary of ships and seventh in tonnage. By contrast, the U.S. could boast fewer than 500 mer­ BOB WIELAND AND THE SPIRIT naval aviation, I commend the men chantmen. Moreover, cut-throat competi­ OF AMERICA and women for their outstanding pro­ tion from Soviet ships has produced signifi­ • Mr. KASTEN. Mr. President, in just fessionalism and superb performance cant reductions in the fleets of America's a few days, hundreds of thousands of in maintaining and supporting the Pa­ European and Japanese allies. Americans will participate in an un­ cific Fleet.e Troublesome portents are embedded in these statistics. NATO, being a maritime al­ usual once-in-a-lifetime event. On May liance, would critically depend on seaborne 25, men, women and children of all UNITED STATES CAN'T BOW TO transport of reinforcements and logistic ages; families, friends, and strangers MERCHANT MARINE BLITZ supplies from North America in the event of all holding hands at precisely the e Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, a very a war in Europe. A continuous flow of food same moment, will form a gigantic and raw materials from overseas would also human chain stretching from the thoughtful and sobering article by be required to sustain any war effort. At the Robert J. Hanks, entitled "U.S. Can't same time, scores of merchant ships would Eastern shore of America with the Bow to Merchant Marine Blitz," ap­ be needed as auxiliaries to support NATO Western coast. peared in the May 13 edition of the navies. The Falkland Islands war underlined The project scheduled for May 25 is Wall Street Journal. The main points the latter requirement. Allied capability to called "Hands Across America." the of the article are: The Soviets are meet these commitments, however, steadily proceeds will go to fight hunger. waging an economic war at sea shrinks. I would like to believe that the par­ through cutthroat commercial compe­ Why are the Soviets waging this non­ ticipants in that undertaking will give shooting war? The answer is in a book, "The tition as part of the admitted Soviet Sea Power of the State," by former head of a few moments of thought to the view that "peacetime employment of the Soviet navy, Admiral S.G. Gorshkov. He almost unbelievable accomplishment merchant fleets is an integral part of says the peacetime employment of mer­ of a young man from Wisconsin-a the political and economic struggle be­ chant fleets is an integral part of the politi­ man who walked across America on tween antagonistic social systems"; the cal and economic"struggle between "antago­ his hands to raise money for hunger liner segment of the U.S. merchant nistic social systems." relief groups. fleet has suffered as a consequence, The Soviet strategy in this war is simple: On Wednesday, May 14, after 3 with attendant adverse national secu­ rate-cutting. The Soviet merchant fleet is a wholly subsidized creature of Moscow and years, 8 months and 6 days, after rity ramifications; and that the Feder­ can set cargo haulage rates well below 2,784.1 miles stretching from the Cali­ al Government must act to revitalize market profitability floors. Offering car­ fornia coast to the White House, after our merchant marine. riage fees ranging from 10 percent to 40 per­ 4,903,360 steps-steps made without Mr. President, the Federal commit­ cent below those floors, Soviet ships have feet and without legs, but with a ment Mr. Hanks urges is right on the made massive inroads in trade, not only to strong heart, Bob Wieland finished his mark. In 1978, during my tenure as Third World countries, but along crucial At­ "Spirit of America Walk for Hunger." chairman of the Merchant Marine lantic and Pacific Ocean routes as well. Ob­ viously, Free World shipping companies Mr. Wieland's walk raised $300,000. Subcommittee, Congress enacted the Future pledges could raise millions Controlled Carrier Act in an effort to cannot offer such rates and remain in busi­ ness. Further, along those trade routes more. stop the pernicious rate-cutting prac­ where the Soviet merchant fleet is not What kind of spirit is it that chal­ tices of state-controlled carriers, prin­ present in strength, ships from the lenges such men to commit so much of cipally those of the Soviet Union. U.S.S.R.'s East European satellites-also op­ themselves to as selfless a goal as feed­ Even though Congress was successful erating with government assistance-pursue in enacting that legislation, the meas­ identical policies. ing the hungry? ure was opposed by the State and Jus­ How successful have the Soviets been? In What kind of spirit is it that would tice Departments. a word: very. Two major U.S. shipping carri­ lead a man to give almost 4 years of Mr. Hanks has several suggestions ers-Pacific Far East Line Inc., and States his life to call attention to something Steamship Lines-have been bankrupted be­ most Americans never think of-the about further measures we might take cause U.S. free-market policies ask Ameri­ to revitalize our merchant fleet, and I fact that every day 35,000 of our can shippers to compete against the Soviet fellow human beings worldwide die of commend his article to every Member government. In the Pacific, for example, the of the Senate. Soviet Far East Shipping Company and its hunger? Mr. President, I ask that the article Polish counterpart slashed rates to capture And, Mr. President, what kind of be printed in the RECORD. trade. When other low cost operators such spirit infuses such life into a man [From the Wall Street Journal, May 13, as the Taiwanese followed suit, the Ameri­ whose body was torn apart in service 1986] can carriers simply could no longer compete to this country? for cargoes. Similar effects have been felt in The answer to all three questions is U.S. CAN'T Bow TO MERCHANT-MARINE BLITZ strong maritime nations such as Britain, Sweden, West Germany and Japan. the same, It is the spirit of America. A war at sea is being waged against West­ What, then, should be done about this Mr. Wieland's journey across Amer­ ern nations by the Soviet Union. The princi­ economic war at sea? Some West European ica started at Knott's Berry Farm in pal participants are not men-o'-war but countries have taken steps to halt the de­ Los Angeles. But his struggle to over­ mundane merchant ships and the rates cline of their merchant fleets. But Washing­ come his physical disability started in being charged for commercial cargoes. ton remains indifferent. the jungles of Southeast Asia on June Unfortunately, this struggle has attracted Several things can be done. First, more 14, 1969. His squad was on a search­ scant attention in the U.S. While there have than lip service needs to be accorded the been Western casualties-shipping compa­ Merchant Marine Act of 1936, which em­ and-destroy mission in an area be­ nies forced out of business and shipbuilding phasized the importance of a healthy mer­ lieved to be booby-trapped with land­ and repair yards closed-precious little is chant fleet to the security of this country. mines. He saw a buddy go down under being done about them. The tragedy is the Next, Washington can insure that all gov- enemy fire.

71-059 0-87-31 (Pt. 8) 11226 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19, 1986 With no thought of his own safety, nam Veterans' wall commemorating the Wieland figures he took almost 5 million rather than search for protection, Mr. men from the company Wieland served as a steps, about a yard from each one. Wieland, a medic, rushed to the aid of combat medic. Wieland, 40, who moved to California be­ His buddies thought Doc was dead, but cause the climate was better for his ther­ his friend, fellow Wisconsinite Jerome Cooper said, "We better get Doc on the apy, praised Reagan in a private White D. Lubeno. In his struggle to reach the chopper, he might still be alive." House meeting at which tears came to the mortally wounded soldier, Mr. Wie­ In Vietnam, Cooper remembered, Wieland president's eyes. Wieland appealed for help land stepped on a mine which, in his took care of children who were wounded. in his "Walk for Hunger" campaign. own words, "blew my body one way The parents "thought it would be nice to The walk raised about $300,000 in pledges and my legs the other." give him rice-the rice had bugs floating on for the cause, but that was far short of the Some say it was his superb physical top of it but he'd eat it. If that wouldn't kill $25 million goal an enthusiastic Wieland training, his love of sports and his fa­ him, nothing can," Cooper said. "I guess had set. He vowed to continue raising naticism in maintaining excellent nothing could." money by giving speeches around the U.S. After years of rehabilitation, during Throughout the trip, Wieland and his health that gave him the strength to which he became a record-setting weight helpers would stay in homes along the way. overcome what for so many would lifter, Wieland began his trip across Amer­ He would give inspirational speeches to pay have been a completely disabling ica Sept. 8, 1982, seated on a harness, pro­ expenses. Some of the families who provides injury. He said he would not be ham­ pelling himself with his hands. He calculat­ shelter came here to watch him finish his pered by his accident. He kept that ed that he took 4,900,016 steps in a walk for trip. pledge, and in keeping it, proved some­ hunger-about 61,000 steps were sponsored So did some of those who were with him thing else. to raise about $300,000. when his legs were blown off. One col­ His mother said she worried about him, league, who had not seen him since 1969, In his "Walk For Hunger," Mr. Wie­ going across the country, but didn't doubt land proved not only his superb body said Wieland "looks a lot better now than his determination. he did when we loaded him on that chopper. conditioning and strength, but he also "He was born that way, he seemed to have Among those at the memorial to pay trib­ proved the strength of his spirit. determination from an early age. As a 3- ute to Wieland's achievement were Reps. The spirit Mr. Wieland has shown is year-old, he had this desire to be a baseball Gerald Kleczka hit will be storefront income­ a choice target. But the fallout will include catnapped at their desks to keep the phones tax offices and mass-production houses such plummeting commerical property prices, re­ working around the clock. By most counts, as H&R Block Inc. that cater to the average duced development, and an industry driven the campaigns paid off. Taxpayers added wage earner. Block's stock price has fallen by drastically altered incentives. For years, about $40 billion in IRA assets this year, from 45 to 40 since the plan was announced. a property's yield has consisted of cash flow raising the nation's IRA pool to more than Company officials say that it is a "great from rents, price appreciation, and tax bene­ $250 billion. misconception" that reducing the number fits. In knocking out the third leg, the bill But the tax reform plan approved by the to tax brackets or deductions will radically completely changes the U.S. real estate Senate Finance Committee would eliminate simplify the preparation of tax returns. But, market. And not all for the worse. "In the the tax deduction for IRA contributions for if nothing else, people who would have oth­ long run buildings will be built because they people covered by pension plans-a move erwise taken their shoe boxes full of re­ make sense, and I'm glad to see it," says one that has already brought individual protests ceipts to Block may think twice: The fee is large developer. to Capital Hill. Ironically, many companies no longer tax-deductible.-By Stuart Weiss The silver lining is that demand will have that pursued IRAs as though their survival in New York, with Vicky Cahan in Washing­ a chance to catch up with supply, says depended on them are barely protesting the ton and Mark Ivey in Denver. Arthur J. Mirante II, president and CEO of loss of this potentially enormous business. Cushman & Wakefield Inc. But first, com­ REAL EsTATE: So LoNG, SYNDICATORs "You have to look at the big picture," says merical property values will fall because, Rupert H. Johnson Jr., senior vice-president It's optimistic and incorrigibly self-pro­ without as many syndicators, there will be of Franklin Resources, a $22 billion mutual moting, but one thing the real estate indus­ fewer buyers. Lower yields will discourage fund giant. "Here's a onetime shot at over­ try has never been is speechless. Until now. others and drive remaining buyers to lower hauling the tax system, and you have to The tax-reform plan of Senate Finance their bids. "Any property that was valued consider the benefit for the country as a Committee Chairman Bob Packwood Herald, May 4, State matching funds were handed printed in the REcoRD. 1986] over to billboard owners, providing The editorials follow: THE BILLBOARD SUBSIDY them the opportunity to use these [From The Washington Post, May 3, 19861 Strange, isn't it, how government's solu­ cash payments to put up bigger bill­ BILLBOARD INDUSTRY EYES LOCAL OFFICIALS tions turn into costly problems? That has boards along the same stretch of high­ been the legacy of Lady Bird Johnson's way from which the nonconforming Campaign contributions and posh junkets highway beautification program. for members of Congress-courtesy of the It began as a beautification program to signs were removed. This ingenious re­ powerful billboard industry-have been the capitalization scheme ended when ap­ chase billboards off the sides of federally fi­ subject of recent columns. At least one sign nanced highways. But the billboard indus­ propriations were cut off, but the cash company has been discussing how to reward try's lobby has finessed Congress into compensation requirement remains. As its friends and punish enemies at the local making beautification as subsidy for the a result, removals of nonconforming level as well. sign-makers. signs have ground to a virtual halt. Our associate Stewart Harris obtained a copy of tactics discussed by Naegele Out­ Here is what has happened. The 1965 law Today, according to the Federal High­ door Advertising Co., third largest in the was intended to clear the nation's highways way Administration, 112,000 noncon­ country, during a company seminar in Min­ of unsightly signs. The billboard industry forming signs remain standing 20 neapolis four years ago A Naegele spokes­ has wrangled out of Congress loopholes that years after implementation of the act. man insists that the ideas were presented allow the federal government to pay for sign Because the law applies this cash com­ only for "discussion purposes" and that removal. So far, the government's cost has pensation requirement to signs de­ Naegele doesn't use them. been $200 million. Among the suggestions were to give the Indeed, signs have been removed-the clared nonconforming under State and ones the sign companies didn't want because local law, as well as Federal law, State local mayor fr.ee billboard space for his fa­ vorite charity. "The mayor will recognize the value of being able government has subsidized their removal of undercut. Both the General Account­ to get credit for favors to various civic­ unwanted signs, they have continued to put ing Office and the Department of minded persons," the agenda explained. up new ones, often clearing out lovely trees Transportation's Inspector General to make them visible. Critics accuse the industry of using vari­ The result has been no fewer signs. In have documented the act's deficiencies ations of this tactic, as when a billboard fact, the twists in the beautification act and failures and pointed the way company fighting a court suit in Des Moines have made government an accomplice to the toward reforms. erected a sign saying: "A Shriner never visual assault. Legislation I introduced last year stands so tall as when he stoops to help a crippled child." It's time to get back to the original intent along with Senator GoRTON, S. 1494, The judge presiding over the billboard of the Highway Beautification Act. Sen. would produce the reforms that the suit was a Shriner in the neighborhood Slade Gorton, R-Wash., has introduced leg­ highway beautification program sorely where the sign was posted, according to the islation that would do that. He would end needs. Its provisions include a ban on the federal subsidy for sign removal, ban Des Moines city attorney. new billboards along federally subsidized the erection of new off-premise bill­ During the Naegele seminar, company ex­ highways and prohibit tree-cutting to make boards along Federal-aid highways. It ecutives discussed ways to oppose anti-bill­ signs more visible. His bill also would give would repeal the law's cash compensa­ board campaigns. The agenda included such state and local governments more leeway to tion requirements, turning back to things as the number of votes required on a city council, the mayor's and city attorney's crack down on unsightly signs. States and localities their authority to ability to help-and a cryptic question: The billboard industry is fighting the regulate billboards. It would also pro­ "Bribe suggested?" Gorton bill, as one might expect, but the hibit several outrageous abuses per­ The last was on the agenda as a "preven­ bill is gathering support. One endorsement mitted under the law, including the came from Elizabeth Dole, Secretary of tive measure" so company officials would Transportation, who says she would like to erection of billboards in phony, un­ know how to turn down a city official pro­ end the "perpetual subsidy" and signs that zoned commerical and industrial areas posing a bribe, the spokesman said. "violate our landscape and assult our senses and the billboard company practice of For the record, a two-year FBI investiga­ wherever we turn." making signs more visible by chopping tion in North Carolina led to the 1985 con­ viction of a Naegele official there on We agree. down publicly purchased trees, shrubs, charges that he ordered company employes END THE BILLBOARD SUBSIDY and other landscape materials on the to falsify their income tax forms to avoid It's time to discontinue Lady Bird John­ public right of way. taxes on bonuses they had passed along to son's highway beautification program, Senator GoRTON's and my efforts to local politicians as campaign contributions. which has been transformed into a device to stop billboard pollution date back to Footnote: Until last fall, a media conglom­ subsidize the billboard industry. 1961 when we sheparded a major bill­ erate called Ackerley Communications had The intent of the 1965 law was entirely board control law through the Wash­ been a good friend to the American Heart worthwhile. The legislation was aimed at ington State Legislature. Other States Association. The company for years had clearing the nation's highways of unsightly given the association free billboard space signs. But because of loopholes and amend­ have passed billboard control laws for its public service announcements. ments pushed through Congress by the bill­ since then. Unfortunately, the Federal But then the Heart Association stepped board lobby, the act simply isn't working as Government has actually impeded over the line: It voiced its opposition to bill­ planned. State efforts to remove unsightly bill­ board advertising of cigarettes. The tobacco The federal government has spent nearly boards. industry, along with the liquor and airline $200 million to compensate billboard compa- 11234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19, 1986 nies for removing signs. But almost as fast [From the Baltimore Sun, May 20, ence it curries through targeted contribu­ as the billboards come down, new ones 1985] tions in city council races. sprout up. NEW FIGHT AGAINST BILLBOARDS In one local fight after another, the bill­ Under the current law, the federal govern­ board lobby has packed hearing rooms, in­ ment puts up 75 percent of the cost of com­ timidated opponents, and when defeated, HousToN.-Texas-scale antidote is shaping has litigated nonstop to prevent controls pensating companies for sign removal, with up for a glaring failure of the Great Society states and local governments contributing from taking effect. Local media often don't era-the Highway Beautification Act, a take up the cudgel. They also advertise on the other 25 percent. What happens in proven paper tiger against the thousands of many cases is that billboard owners take billboards, or are tied to parent corporations billboards blighting America's highways. with billboard subsidiaries. down their least profitable signs and erect Passed at the behest of Lady Bird John­ new ones at other locations. Sometimes, son, then First Lady, the 1965 law has Polls show a solid majority of Americans companies take the money to remove signs for billboard controls. But until the recent turned into a textbook case of how a law citizen revolt, with its critical business allies, and simply leave them standing. can be gutted by the industry it's supposed got started, their voices have usually gone In addition, billboard firms frequently cut to regulate. unheeded. Now a Coalition for Scenic trees and other foliage on highway rights of In 1978, the sign barons pushed through Congress an amendment requiring govern­ Beauty, its Center for Sign Control head­ way so their signs can better be seen. quartered in Washington. Is coordinating The federal law also is tying the hands of ment compensation for any billboard re­ moved under state and local control laws. anti-billboard efforts nationally. states and municipalities that want to get One senses the billboard gang has reached tougher with billboard owners. That hobbled local controls but escalated costs so drastically that appropriations the zenith of its power, while the anti-forces Sen. Slade Gorton, R-Wash., has intro­ are just gaining steam. They say that com­ duced legislation to change the law. He dried up. The billboard companies pocketed mil­ mercial sign controls aren't, as claimed, an would end the federal subsidy for sign re­ lions of federal dollars paid them to remove illegal "taking" or infringement of free moval, ban new billboards along federally offending signs-probably using the money speech, but rather legitimate city action, af­ subsidized highways, prohibit tree cutting to erect more signs elsewhere. The number firmed by the Supreme Court, to protect to make signs more visible, and give state of billboards on federally funded highways citizens from "visual assault"-and add that and local -governments more leeway to crack has soared to over a half-million. Now we intrusive, often mammoth, signs are the down on unsightly signs. have jumbo signs-up to a house-sized, only users of public highway rights-of-way The billboard industry is fighting the 2,500-square-feet ones. that don't pay user fees. They say the sign Gorton bill, for good reason. Not only have Are billboards necessary-as the sign lobby, in states from Tennessee to Califor­ the sign companies succeeded in defanging lobby claims-to economic prosperity? nia even has gained power to chop down Lady Bird Johnson's highway beautification Hardly: Hawaii, Vermont and Maine, the trees-in California a beautiful eucalyptus legislation, but they also have so far reaped three states that banned the boards alto­ stand was destroyed-to make sure motor­ a $200 million windfall from the federal gov­ gether, have done swimmingly without ists see their signs instead of the scenery. ernment. them. For tourists, small uniform signs with Victories for the citizen billboard-control But Gorton's proposal has just received commercial logos are a welcome-and reli­ groups come painfully, slowly. But it's hard an endorsement from Secretary of Trans­ able substitute. to believe Americans won't soon demand a portation Elizabeth Dole. Maybe between Billboards may start toppling elsewhere as purge of the unsightly billboards. the two of them, they can end what Gorton a broad-based citizen movement to curb the calls a "perpetual News & suaded the Texas Legislature to require Courier, July 22, 1985] cash compensation by cities to owners of Or words to that effect by Ogden Nash. banned signs. Governor Mark White vetoed Or maybe it was Samuel HoHenstein. Some­ In defense of the indefensible, people the bill; this spring the billboard lobby is body like that. often come up with ridiculous arguments. pushing it again in Austin. So now comes word-and who is surprised Defending signs and billboards from reason­ But now Houston has more allies. Rita by it?-that the infestation of billboards in able regulation on the grounds that a sign Ellison, the -scrappy executive director of Atlanta continues apace; indeed, is acceler­ ordinance interferes with freedom of speech Billboards Limited, claims support from an ating. The suppose billboard-control ordi­ is an example of sublime ridiculousness. array of Texas cities that have also pro­ nance enacted by the City Council last year It is the equivalent of defending the right claimed billboard moratoria-Dallas, Fort was fabricated from loopholes, written as of a drunk to yell at passers-by on the Worth and Austin among them. San Anto­ much by the billboard industry as by the grounds of freedom of speech. nio Mayor Henry Cisneros has organized Council. It was a billboard-adding law, not a The proliferation of monster billboards the Texas Municipal League behind the billboard-subtracting one. and signs has finally got the goat of fight. Just look around . City Hall, Charleston City Council and at their last Atlantans, worried about an onslaught of handed out 470 permits last year. This year, meeting, on Tuesday night, they got around billboards amenities. We shouldn't deny our­ federal reports show not just disappointing lion in compensation for removing their selves, or others who are visiting us, the progress, but significant regression. The signs. But some never took them down, and pleasures of seeing them. chief culprits seem to be congressional some used the money to put up new signs And if the billboards keep kudzooming, pliancy and executive branch lethargy , may lead to tactical missile de­ lites. in kind. Many different theories of deter­ fense in Europe. Along with other defensive Mr. President, Ambassador Rowny's rence have evolved in the post-World War II changes the new technology may bring era. But central to the most widely-accepted about, there will be transition in the strate­ speech of April 17, represents truly ones is the notion that only nuclear weap­ gy of defending Europe, quite aside from fresh thinking on arms control. In ons can hold an enemy's counterforce tar­ the transition which will be brought about hopes that wider distribution of his gets at risk. through SDI. speech will encourage a sounder The fourth technological revolution, Secondly, the advent of these new tech­ understanding of these issues in the which is now taking place, consists of three nologies further promises that current nu- 11238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19, 1986 clear weapons can be replaced by strategic manageable. While the protection of our EXPLOSIVE MONETARY AND non-nuclear weapons. Non-nuclear weapons space assets might be assisted by arms con­ FISCAL POLICIES SURE TO are less escalatory than nuclear weapons be­ trol, agreements may never be able to fully BRING ON INFLATION cause they avoid the spread of radiation and guarantee their protection. This field of collateral damage. Accordingly, strategic of­ arms control needs to be developed. The Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, in fensive forces may, in the future, include nature of managing the transition from an the judgment of this Senator the Fed­ non-nuclear "strategic" weapons. Finally, offensive nuclear to an SDI environment is eral Reserve Board has been following the same technology which applies to non­ currently being formulated. Finally, the a highly inflationary monetary policy nuclear strategic weapons can be applied to nature of the arms control problem of joint­ since 1982. Now, but wait a moment. defense suppression. ly managing and controlling newly emerging Defense suppression is an area where con­ How can that be? Inflation has moder­ ventional non-SDI-related high technology high-tech conventional forces will be very ated spectacularly since 1982, and in has much to offer. However, it is also the complex and difficult. Thinking on how to recent months producer prices have area that is driving the development of non­ deal with this problem has yet to begin. fallen and even consumer prices have nuclear offensive strategic weapons. And In the final analysis, one is naturally tempted to step back and ask if a world-not started to actually come down in herein lies the key. The same high technol­ March and they are still falling. So ogy can contribute to either pure offense or much unlike that of today-without de­ defense suppression. Indeed, it is possible to fenses, wouldn't be more stable. Indeed, how can any sane person look at the have conventional weapons which approxi­ wouldn't it be nice to return to the "idyllic" results and claim the Federal Reserve mate "zero CEP" nuclear weapons, thus be­ days of the 1950s and 1960s? The answer is Board has followed inflationary poli­ coming counterforce-capable. This may well "perhaps," but only if we believe we could cies? It is ridiculous. have been why Gorbachev expressed such disinvent knowledge. However, technology What do I mean by inflationary poli­ anxiety in his January 15 statement about itself suspends belief. This, however, need cies followed by the Federal Reserve the development of conventional weapons of not work against arms control. On the con­ Board? I mean that the Fed has for mass destruction. Let me reiterate that this trary the technological "marketplace" will the first time since we started keeping includes smart bombs, PGMS, cruise mis­ demand dialogue to efficiently allocate of­ siles, Stealth and the like. Much different statistics in the present form increased fensive-defense resources over the long the money supply far faster than the technology is involved in pure defense haul. Thus, for the first time, we have the against a ballistic attack. Indeed, SDI is prospect of making technology our servant increase in the nominal gross national being deliberately structured so that it will in the evolution of offense and defense, not product. Now, why is that inflation­ examine technologies which have absolutely our master.e ary? It is inflationary because as the no offensive potential. GNP increases in actual dollar terms, Defense suppression becomes of central Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I suggest it requires a somewhat lower rate of importance in the offense-defense relation­ the absence of a quorum. ship because its effectiveness determines increase in the supply of currency and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The checking accounts to finance that whether offensive forces become first-strike clerk will call the roll. or second-strike capable. Moreover, we can GNP dollar growth. envision how this will take place. Defenses The legislative clerk proceeded to Now, since 1960, the money supply can be overcome by speed, by saturation or call the roll. growth actually exceeded the dollar by Stealth. These involve different high 0 1730 growth in the GNP in only 1 year, technologies, but all ones that we now know 1967. Even in that year the growth in to be feasible and all ones that operate The PRESIDING OFFICER. The money supply only slightly exceeded under 300,000 feet. In a world of both of­ Chair in his capacity as the Senator fenses and defenses, suppression of _defenses the rate of dollar GNP growth up below 300,000 feet would be necessary to from Kentucky asks unanimous con­ until 1982. Now consider the 1982 assure the success of a second strike. sent that the order for the quorum through 1985 period. What a change. What are the implications of these tech­ call be rescinded. From 1982 through 1985, the money nological changes for arms control? Agree­ Without objection, it is so ordered. supply increase exceeded dollar GNP ments reducing strategic nuclear forces can growth in 3 out of those years and in be reached if only the political will is mani­ very, very large proportions. fested. Agreements aimed at the protection APPOINTMENTS IN BEHALF OF So is this increase in the supply of of our satellites such as Wohlstetter's "self defense zones" would facilitate defense of THE VICE PRESIDENT money, an increase which is wholly space assets. However, there is little pros­ The PRESIDING OFFICER