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Distinguishing Characteristics of the Seeds of Garden Flowers of Utah and a Key for Their Identification

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Distinguishing Characteristics of the Seeds of Garden Flowers of Utah and a Key for Their Identification Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1954-08-01 Distinguishing characteristics of the seeds of garden flowers of Utah and a key for their identification Naia H. Burkey Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Burkey, Naia H., "Distinguishing characteristics of the seeds of garden flowers of Utah and a ek y for their identification" (1954). Theses and Dissertations. 8028. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8028 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. I DISTINGUISHINGCHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEEDS OF GARDENFLOWERS OF UTAH ANDA KEY FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION A THESIS SUBMITTEDTO THE DEPARTMENTOF BOTANYAND THE GRADUATESCHOOL OF BRIGHAMYOUNG UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENTOF THE REQUIREMENTSFOR THE DEGREEOF MASTER OF SCIENCE BY NAIA H. BURKEY BRIGHAMYOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO, UTAH AUGUST1954 This thesis by Naia H. Burkey is accepted in its present form by the Thesis Committee as satisfying the thesis require- ments for the degree of Master of Science, August, 1954. PREFACE The author wishes to express her appreciation to the organizations e.nd persons who have aided her in the working out of this problem. The Ferry-Morse Seed Company of San Francisco, California, was especially generous in contributing a large number of the seeds used in this study. Other helpful contributions of seeds were mede by the Mandeville-King Company, Inc. of Rochester, New York, and by the Halle.well Seed Company of San Francisco, California. Dr. Bertrand F. Harrison, chairman of the Botany Department of the Brigham Young University, has been most helpful in directing the work and in offering constructive criticism throughout the period of study. Ernest F. Reimschiissel, of the faculty of the Brigham Young University, made a generous contribution from his personal seed collection, and extended the use of his library of books and pamphlets on cultivated plants. Many others of the Brigham Young University faculty and students of the Botany and Agronomy Departments have given helpful suggestions and encoura.gement. Thanks are due also to Mrs. Alex Hedquist for her willing permission to collect plant specimens from her gardens, which contain meny species of plants not found in most flower gardens. iii TABLE OF' CONTEN'11 S Page PREFACE.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • iii LIST OF' ILLUSTRATIONS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• viii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION•••••••••••• . .. .. .. .. .. 1 II. MATERIALSAND METHODS ••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 III. PRESENTATIONOF DATA•••• . ....................... 8 Seed Key to Families of Garden Flowers ••• • • • • 8 Descriptions and Keys to Genera and Species.. 15 Polygonaceae.... • . • 15 Polygonum orientale....................... 15 Chenopodiaceae............................... 15 Kochia scoparia... • • • • • . • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • 15 Amaranthaceae................................ 15 Am.e.ranthus tricolor.... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16 Amaranthus hybridus...... • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • 16 Celosia argentea.......................... 16 Nyctaginaceae..... • • . • • . • 16 Mirabilis jalapa.......................... 16 Portulacaceae •••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 16 Portulaca oleracea........................ 17 Carophyllaceae...... • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 17 Cerastium biebersteinii................... 17 Dian thus barba tus. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 Dianthus caryophyllus..................... 18 Dianthus deltoides........................ 18 Dianthus plumarius. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 Lychnis coronaria... •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• •• 18 Gypsophila paniculata..................... 18 Gypsophila elegans...... • • . • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • 18 Ranuncu.laceae .•...•...........•.............• 19 Anemone hupehens is • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 Delphinium els.tum......................... 19 Delphinium cheilanthum............. ••••••• 19 Aquilegia vulgaris........................ 19 Nigel la damascena....... • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • 20 Papav~raceae................................. 20 Papaver nudicaule......................... 20 Papaver orientale.......... • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • 20 Papaver rhoeas............... •• • • • • • • • . • •• 21 Eschscholzia californica.................. 21 iv Page Platystemon californicus ••••••••••••••••••• 21 Capparidaceae ••••••••••••••• . 21 Cleome spinosa •..............•......•.....• . 21 Cruciferae •...•....•.........•.............•.• 21 Iberis coronaria ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 Iberis umbellata ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 Iberis sempervirens •••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 Alyssum spinosum •• . .. .. .. .. .. 23 Alyssum saxatile •••• . • • • • • • 23 Alys sum procumbens •••••••••••••••••••••••••. .. 23 Matthiola incana .••.•.••.••••..•••...•••••• 23 Cheiranthus cheiri •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 23 Res edacea e • ••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 23 Reseda odorata •••••••••••••.••••••••••••••• 24 Saxifragaceae ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 24 Heu.chera s angu in ea .......................... 24 Rosaceae ••••••••••• .. .. ......... 24 Geum chiloense •• . • •••••••• 24 Le~urninosae . ..•.•••........•........•.....••.•. .. 24 ~Lathyrus odoratus ••••••••• . 25 Lathyrus latifolius ••..•••••••••••••••••••• . 25 Lupinus polyphyllus ••••••••••••••.••••••••• 25 Pueraria thunbergiana ••••••••••••••.••••••• 25 Baptisia australis ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 26 Thermopsis caroliniana •••••••.•..•••••••.•• 26 Tropaeolaceae •••••••• .. .. .. ,. .. ..... .. 26 Tropaeolum majus •• .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 Linaceae ••••••••.••• . .. .. .... 26 Linum .&i:randiflorum. .. .- .. .. 26 Linum nerenne •• ........ .. .. • ••••••• 27 Eu.phorbiaceae ••. .•.•.............••..• . 27 Ric inus communis ••••••••••••••••..• . 27 Sapind_aceB.e •.•. •.•••...••...•.•...•....•••.••. .. 27 Cardiospermum halicacabum •••••••••••••••••• 27 Balsaminaceae • ...•..............••............ 27 Impatiens balsa mina ••••••••.•••••••••••••• 28 Impatiens o:landuli.fera ••••••••••••••••••••• 28 Malvaceae •......•..........•.....••.•......... 28 Callirhoe involucrata •••••••••••••••••••••• 28 Althaea rosea •••••••••••••••••• ... .. 28 Cistaceae ••••••••••••••••• . .. ... • •• 29 Helianthemum nummalarium. .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 Violaceae •••••••••• .. .. .. .. .. .. ?,9 Viola cornuta ••• . .. .... ...... 29 Viola tricolor •• . 29 Lythraceae .. .........•.....................••.. ... ..... .. 29 Lythrum salicaria •.•••••••••••••••.•. • • • 30 Onagraceae •. .•••......•..•...............•..•• 30 Clarkia elegans ••..•••...•..•.•....•.....•• 30 Godetia amoena .. .....•...................•• 30 Oenothera missouriensis •••••••••••••••••••• 30 Umbelliferae •••.••••••• . .. ::Sl Trachymene caeru lea •• .. .. .... ..... 31 V Page Prinnilaceae .. .......•...•.... ..... 31 Primula elatior •.•. 31 Plun1baginaceae . ................•........•.•.• .. ..• 31 Limonium vulgare ••••••.••••••••••.••••••••• 31 Armeria mari tima ••••.••••••••••••••.••••••• 32 Convo 1 vulaceae •••••••••••••.•.• . .. .. 32 Ipomoea tricolor •••••••...• . 32 Ipomoea purpurea ••.••..•••••.•••.•••••.••• .... • 33 Ipomoea nil •.••••••••.• . .. 33 Ipomoea imperialis •••.• . 33 Ipomoea p:randiflora ••••.••••.••.•••..••••••. .. 33 Quamoclit penna ta • ....................•...• 33 Quamoclit sloteri .. ....................... 33 Polemoniaceae ••••••••••••.••••••••••••••.••••• 33 Phlox drummond i ......•......••......•.•...• 34 Phlox paniculata ••••.•••..••••••••••••••••• 34 Boraginaceae ... ............••................. 34 Myosotis sylvatica ••••.••••.•••••.•• 34 Anchu.sa azurea .. ..........................• ..... 34 Heliotropium arborescens ••••••••••••••••••• 35 Verbenaceae . .....•...........................• 35 Verbena hybrida •••.••••••.••••••..•.••.•••• 35 Lantana camera ••• . 35 Labiatae ........•..... ....•.......•.......•..•. .. 35 Scutellaria baicalensis •••••••••••••••••••• 36 Lavendula officinalis. 36 Nepeta nrussini .•....•....•.•..•.........•.•. ....... 36 Stachys grandiflora ••••••••••••••.••••••••• 36 Salvia azurea •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 37 Salvia splendens •• . .. .. .. .. .. 37 Coleus blumei ••• . ... • • 37 Solanaceae .....•.•.. .......•.....•..........••.. .. 37 Physalis alKekengi ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 38 1'Jicot iana. ala ta • ..............•.....•..••.• 38 Petunia hybrida •....•...................... 38 Salpirrlossis sinuata ••.•••••••••••••••••••• 38 Browallia viscosa ••.•..•.•••••••••••••••••• 38 Scrophu.lariaceae •••.••.•.••••••••••.•••••••••• 39 Veronica ls.t if'ol ia ••.••••.•.••••••••••.•••• 39 Veronica spicata •••••••••••••••••.••••••••• 39 Pentstemon torreyi ••...••••.•••••••••••••••••• 39 Digitalis purpurea ••..•••.••••.•.•.••••.•.• 39 Antirrb.inum majus ••.•.••••..•.••••••••••••• 40 Linaria maroccana ••...•••••...••.••.••••••• 40 Acanthaceae •••••••••• .. .............. 40 Thunbergia alata •• . • • • • • • • • • • • • 40 Rubia.ceae .. ..........•.•.•.........•..•.•.••••. 40 Asperula bexaphylla •.••••••••••••.••••••••• 40 Valerians~ceae .. ...•........................•.. 41 C entranthus
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