Ralph Vaughan Williams. Bucolic Suite
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Music Reviews 573 That is to say, the singer who performed cism. The musical text is, as a result, fairly the solos would also have sung with the “clean,” meaning that editorial slurs, articu- choir, the opposite of the impression given lations, dynamics, and so forth, are not dis- by this edition. tinguished typographically. Scheibe’s autograph score does indeed There does exist one recording of this contain a wealth of performance details— work, released on two LPs in 1974 by EMI most significantly, for the solos, it regularly in the series Dansk musik antologi (EMI lists the intended singer(s). Hauge de- DMA 011–012; soloists, with Kungliga scribes the inclusion of singers’ names in Operakören, Collegium Musicum Copen - the score in his introduction, but is unsure hagen, cond. Lavard Friisholm); it is long whether the many changes indicate multi- out of print, and has not been reissued on ple performances, problems with the compact disc. This recording may well have singers, or were merely suggestions (p. xii). been based on the “new full score” from However, in my experience, the primary the 1940s alluded to by Hauge (p. 162); evi- reason for indications in the score is for the dently this score was never published. We copyists: the names of the singers would can hope that this new score will inaugu- thus be given to indicate into which physi- rate an interest in Scheibe’s music, and in cal parts the solo portions should be writ- this work in particular, which will lead to ten. While the names written in for each in- increased performances and recordings. dividual movement are given in the critical Though one can purchase the paperback report, a table in the introduction summa- version for a reasonable price, the entire rizing this information would have been a edition is available from the Danish Royal welcome addition. Library as a free PDF download at http:// Hauge does not needlessly bog down the www.kb.dk/en/nb/dcm/udgivelser/scheibe reader with inconsequential details, and /index.html (accessed 19 November 2014). demonstrates a welcome informality in the Altogether, this edition is well done, and critical commentary, a genre not known for makes a valuable addition to the burgeon- its excitement. He writes, for instance, “In ing field of Scheibe studies. Readers inter- order not to spam the list of emendations ested in the eighteenth-century passion tra- with comments concerning the interpreta- dition, particularly of the nonnarrative, tion of Baroque slurring practice, [the nonliturgical variety, will find this work a slurs] have been changed without com- welcome addition to their libraries, ment” (p. 165). Nevertheless, the list of whether in physical or digital form. emendations is somewhat more verbose than is typical for editions of this type of Evan Cortens music, though that is not necessarily a criti- University of Western Ontario EARLY ORCHESTRAL WORKS OF VAUGHAN WILLIAMS RECOVERED Ralph Vaughan Williams. Bucolic Suite. Study score. Edited by Julian Rushton. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. [Pref., p. iv–v; source, p. vi; textual notes, p. vii–ix; orchestration, p. [x]; score, p. 1–133. ISBN 978-0-19-337955-8. £20.95.] Ralph Vaughan Williams. Serenade in A Minor (1898). Study score. Edited by Julian Rushton. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. [Pref., p. iv–v; source, p. vi; textual notes, p. vii–viii; orchestration, p. [x]; score, p. 1–132. ISBN 978-0-19-337956-5. £20.95.] Ralph Vaughan Williams. Fantasia for Piano and Orchestra. Study score. Edited by Graham Parlett. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. [Pref., p. iv; manuscript, p. v; editorial method, p. v; textual notes, p. vi–vii; or- chestration, p. [viii]; score, p. 1–87. ISBN 978-0-19-338825-3. £15.50.] 574 Notes, March 2015 Ralph Vaughan Williams. Burley Heath. Study score. Edited by James Francis Brown. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. [Pref., p. v; manu- script and textual notes, p. vii; orchestration, p. [viii]; score, p. 1–32. ISBN 978-0-19-339939-6. £7.95.] Ralph Vaughan Williams. Harnham Down. Study score. Edited by James Francis Brown. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. [Pref., p. v–vi; manuscript and textual notes, p. vii; orchestration, p. [viii]; score, p. 1–19. ISBN 978-0-19-339940-2. £6.95.] Ralph Vaughan Williams. The Solent. Study score. Edited by James Francis Brown. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. [Pref., p. v–vi; tex- tual notes, p. vii; score, p. 1–33. ISBN 978-0-19-339941-9. £7.95.] Despite an increasing presence in both score. (The autograph of the Serenade is performance and scholarly domains, it held by Yale University; those of the other seems unlikely that Ralph Vaughan five works are preserved at the British Williams (1872–1958) will be honored with Library.) With but a single source, these a uniform and complete critical edition any editions are straightforward: some regular- time soon. Unlike his younger colleague ization of articulations and dynamics, a William Walton, whose monogamous rela- number of dubious notes emended, and an tionship with a publisher—Oxford Uni - occasional creative rethinking of the origi- versity Press—combined with a fairly short nal notation, but there are no challenging work-list and unusually neat handwriting textual variants to be reconciled. Harnham made the completion of the William Walton Down seems to have required the least in- Edition manageable in less than twenty tervention (“Very little editorial clarifica- years, Vaughan Williams’s spidery script tion was necessary since expression marks and sprawling oeuvre spread across several and dynamics were consistent,” p. vii); publishers’ catalogs (principally Stainer & Burley Heath—breaking off at m. 173 in the Bell, Oxford, and Curwen, with works in surviving source—required the conjectural varying states of international copyright addition of twenty-six measures (adapted protection) pose practical challenges to the slightly from earlier in the work) to provide production of a complete edition. In recent a convincing conclusion. years, Oxford has been steadily churning So what do these works offer? Collec- out new critical editions of a varied selec- tively they yield a more nuanced view of tion of Vaughan Williams works in its Vaughan Williams as orchestral composer. catalog—including Symphonies 5, 6, and 7, They might be regarded as the scaffolding as well as lesser works (e.g., the Tuba Con- that enabled him to reach the level of the certo, and Flos Campi). This worthy initia- Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis (1910), tive has been the beneficiary of the The Lark Ascending (1914), and the first Vaughan Williams Charitable Trust. The six three symphonies (1903–9; 1911–13; 1916– works reviewed here (all dating between 21)—and, indeed, that equipped others 1895 and 1907) are products of the same similarly engaged on the quest for distinctly initiative, but have remained hitherto un- English orchestral character pieces. Burley published. Although in 1903 he could re- Heath, Harnham Down, and The Solent are as gard these as among his “most important cousins to Gustav Holst’s Two Songs without works” (see letter 31 in Letters of Ralph Words (1906) and George Butterworth’s Vaughan Williams 1895–1958, ed. Hugh three English Idylls (1910–13), and in some Cobbe [Oxford: Oxford University Press, particulars betray a close family resem- 2008], 44), all were subsequently with- blance (particularly in the prominence of drawn by the composer. Indeed, the solo clarinet and the intricate divisi “scrapped” was the word Vaughan Williams string textures). generally used for them, but he did not All of the works reviewed here predate completely discard them. Each of these Vaughan Williams’s study with Maurice works survives only in an autograph full Ravel, and demonstrate a conservative ap- Music Reviews 575 proach to orchestration. The influence of the longest movement in performance, it Vaughan Williams’s prior teachers Hubert begins with a slow, lyrical melody featuring Parry, Charles Villiers Stanford, and Max clarinet, horn, and strings; the second sec- Bruch are very much in evidence here. tion begins with a birdcall-like unaccompa- Adam Carse wrote of Bruch’s music that it nied oboe phrase in alternation with a new “typifies the sound, unoffending, conven- lyrical melody in the strings; the birdcall tional Teutonic orchestration of the pe- gradually permeates the full orchestral tex- riod; orchestration which took no risks, ture, including the bass instruments, and which is not quite so heavy and unbending eventually the first melody returns in coun- as that of Brahms, yet which lacks enter- terpoint with the birdcall figure. This re- prise, lightness and vigor” (Carse, The sembles Holst’s later “Country Song,” the History of Orchestration [London: Kegan first of his Two Songs without Words already Paul, Trench, Trubner; New York: E. P. mentioned, but no other parallel presents Dutton, 1925; reprint, New York: Dover, itself. In performance, the Serenade might 1964], 297); this description applies well to make an interesting companion piece to much of the scoring here. Perhaps signifi- Beethoven’s “Pastoral” Symphony, not as cantly, Harnham Down, the latest of the much because of the unexpected promi- works, has the most inventive orchestration: nence of birdcall, but rather for the uncon- the trio of solo violas which ends the piece ventional reworking of a genre (and in- is a particularly striking idea. deed in five movements), and the very For these works Vaughan Williams ex- similar scoring. pected a very large string section (with up The Serenade seems to be the best work to eight desks apiece for first and second vi- of the group; whether the rest of these can olins), but he requires only pairs of wood- sustain themselves in repertory lists or even winds and trumpets, with at most four on the shelves of music stores is doubtful.