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Tätigkeitsbericht EUROPÄISCHES PARLAMENT 2009 – 2014 Unterausschuss Menschenrechte Tätigkeitsbericht (7. Wahlperiode, 2009–2014) CM\1032965DE.doc PE536.033v03-00 DE In Vielfalt geeint DE ENTWURF, ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG UND REDAKTION: Generalsekretariat Unterausschuss Menschenrechte Ioana Bobeş Daniele Palladino Generaldirektion Externe Politikbereiche Europäisches Parlament B–1047 Brüssel E-Mail: [email protected] SPRACHFASSUNGEN: Original: EN ___________ Redaktionsschluss: Juni 2014. Brüssel, © Europäisches Parlament, 2014 ___________ HAFTUNGSAUSSCHLUSS Nachdruck ist mit Quellenangabe gestattet. Der Inhalt dieses Schriftstücks gibt nicht notwendigerweise den offiziellen Standpunkt des Europäischen Parlaments wieder. PE536.033v03-00 2/132 CM\1032965DE.doc DE Europäisches Parlament – Unterausschuss Menschenrechte Tätigkeitsbericht – 7. Wahlperiode, 2009–2014 ___________________________________________________________________________ Inhalt EINLEITUNG .................................................................................................................................................... 5 DIE ARBEIT DES UNTERAUSSCHUSSES MENSCHENRECHTE (DROI) DES EP IN DER 7. WAHLPERIODE: ÜBERBLICK ÜBER DIE TÄTIGKEITEN .............................................................................................................. 7 ANNEXES....................................................................................................................................................... 17 ANNEX I - DROI MEMBERS............................................................................................................................ 19 ANNEX II - REPORTS AND OPINIONS ADOPTED.......................................................................................... 23 ANNEX III - URGENCY RESOLUTION............................................................................................................. 27 ANNEX IV - HEARINGS, WORKSHOPS AND MEETINGS WITH NATIONAL PARLIAMENTS ......................... 35 ANNEX V - LIST OF DELEGATION VISITS...................................................................................................... 39 ANNEX VI - LIST OF STUDIES........................................................................................................................ 43 ANNEX VII - SAKHAROV PRIZE LAUREATES ................................................................................................ 57 ANNEX VIII – GUEST SPEAKERS IN DROI MEETINGS .................................................................................. 59 ANNEX IX – EU SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES AND UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEURS IN DROI MEETINGS...... 127 CM\1032965DE.doc 3/132 PE536.033v03-00 DE PE536.033v03-00 4/132 CM\1032965DE.doc DE Europäisches Parlament – Unterausschuss Menschenrechte Tätigkeitsbericht – 7. Wahlperiode, 2009–2014 ___________________________________________________________________________ Einleitung Der Unterausschuss Menschenrechte (DROI) zieht in seinem Tätigkeitsbericht in knapper Form Bilanz und erläutert, inwieweit es ihm in der 7. Wahlperiode (2009–2014) gelungen ist, die Menschenrechtspolitik der EU voranzubringen. Der Bericht besteht aus zwei Teilen. Im ersten Teil werden die wichtigsten horizontalen Themenbereiche dargestellt, mit denen sich der Unterausschuss auseinandergesetzt hat und die vom erweiterten Vorstand in seiner letzten Sitzung vom 20. März 2014 gebilligt wurden. Der zweite Teil besteht aus neun Anhängen mit den wichtigsten statistischen Daten für den genannten Zeitraum, etwa Zahlen zu Berichten, Delegationen, Gastrednern usw. In der 7. Wahlperiode lag der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit generell darin, den Vertrag von Lissabon und die damit verbundene neue institutionelle Architektur umzusetzen und das Thema Menschenrechte mit allen Aspekten der Außenbeziehungen der EU zu verknüpfen. Unter anderem hat der Unterausschuss Leitlinien für alle interparlamentarischen Delegationen mit Drittländern erarbeitet, nach denen bei allen Delegationsbesuchen das Thema Menschenrechte in strukturierter Weise erörtert wird. Im Rahmen seiner Kontrollfunktion hat der Unterausschuss den Strategischen Rahmen der EU für Menschenrechte und Demokratie und insbesondere den Aktionsplan der EU für Menschenrechte und Demokratie sehr genau überwacht und dafür im Vorfeld der förmlichen Verabschiedung neuer EU-Leitlinien Konsultationen veranstaltet, beispielsweise über den Schutz und die Förderung der Rechte lesbischer, schwuler, bi-, trans- und intersexueller Personen und über das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung online und offline. Er ist fest entschlossen, diese Kontrollfunktion in der 8. Wahlperiode weiter auszubauen. Ende 2011 wurden die Kapazitäten des Unterausschusses gestärkt, da er den Status DROI+ und damit das Recht erhielt, gleichzeitig drei Initiativberichte auszuarbeiten, mehr bezahlte Gäste zu seinen Anhörungen einzuladen und mehr Studien in Auftrag zu geben. In den letzten fünf Jahren hat er außer den vier Jahresberichten zur Lage der Menschenrechte neun Berichte vorgelegt, die nach der Verabschiedung im Plenum den offiziellen Standpunkt des Parlaments darstellen. Die Themen reichen von der Demokratisierung über den Schutz von Menschenrechtsverteidigern und den Auswirkungen der Wirtschaftskrise auf die Menschenrechte bis hin zu einer gründlichen Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Korruption und Menschenrechten. Der vorliegende Bericht soll dem neuen Unterausschuss Menschenrechte in der 8. Wahlperiode des Europäischen Parlaments als nützliche Informationsquelle (und hilfreicher Ausgangspunkt) für seine Arbeit dienen. Sekretariat des Unterausschusses Menschenrechte (DROI) CM\1032965DE.doc 5/132 PE536.033v03-00 DE PE536.033v03-00 6/132 CM\1032965DE.doc DE Europäisches Parlament – Unterausschuss Menschenrechte Tätigkeitsbericht – 7. Wahlperiode, 2009–2014 ___________________________________________________________________________ Die Arbeit des Unterausschusses Menschenrechte (DROI) des EP in der 7. Wahlperiode: Überblick über die Tätigkeiten Seit 2009 haben das Arbeitsaufkommen und der Einfluss des Unterausschusses zugenommen, und in einigen seiner zentralen Tätigkeitsbereiche wurden bemerkenswerte Erfolge erzielt. Es folgt eine Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Arbeitsergebnisse. 1. Stärkung der Strategien zur Förderung der Menschenrechte nach dem Vertrag von Lissabon 2011 erhielt der DROI-Unterausschuss den Status „DROI+“. Durch diese Aufwertung hat sich die Zahl der Initiativberichte, die der Unterausschuss gleichzeitig erarbeiten darf, verdreifacht (von einem auf drei). Auch wurde die Finanzierung von Studien aufgestockt und die Zahl der bezahlten Fachleute für Anhörungen verdoppelt (von 6 auf 12). Die Koordinatoren des Unterausschusses halten es für positiv, dass die Zahl der Berichte, Anhörungen und Studien gestiegen ist, würden sich jedoch wünschen, dass die in einigen Studien gegebenen Empfehlungen stärkere Beachtung fänden, mehr Zeit für Anhörungen zur Verfügung gestellt würde und Gastredner bei Anhörungen und Aussprachen mehr Redezeit erhielten. 2012 markierte einen Wendepunkt für die Menschenrechtspolitik der EU – sie wurde komplett überarbeitet und durch die Annahme des sogenannten Menschenrechtspakets am 25. Juni 2012 auf eine Grundlage aus drei Säulen gestellt. Das Paket bestand aus einem Strategierahmen, einem umfassenden Aktionsplan für Menschenrechte und Demokratie (gültig bis Ende 2014) und der Ernennung eines EU-Sonderbeauftragten für Menschenrechte. Diese Entwicklungen sind teilweise auf die Aufforderungen des Parlaments zurückzuführen, die EU solle ihre Politik in diesem Bereich überprüfen und sich aktiver für die Menschenrechte einsetzen. Beziehungen zum EAD Herauszuheben bei der Arbeit des Unterausschusses in der 7. Wahlperiode ist die Entwicklung seiner Zusammenarbeit mit dem Europäischen Auswärtigen Dienst (EAD). 2012 trug der Unterausschuss wesentlich zur Konzeption des strategischen Rahmens für Menschenrechte und Demokratie bei, der vom Rat im Juni 2012 verabschiedet wurde. Er war auch maßgeblich an dem Entwurf der Leitlinien der EU zur Freiheit der Religion und Weltanschauung, zu den Rechten CM\1032965DE.doc 7/132 PE536.033v03-00 DE lesbischer, schwuler, bi-, trans- und intersexueller Menschen und zum Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung beteiligt. Darüber hinaus spielte er eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Umsetzung des Aktionsplans der EU für Menschenrechte und Demokratie. Dieser wird von einer eigens eingerichteten Kontaktgruppe regelmäßig überwacht, die den Mitgliedern des Unterausschusses und des EAD ein Forum für Gespräche über die Umsetzung der im Aktionsplan vorgesehenen Maßnahmen und über sonstige Themen in beiderseitigem Interesse bietet. Ein weiterer Erfolg ist die Ernennung eines Sonderbeauftragten der Europäischen Union für Menschenrechte. Der Unterausschuss hatte in mehreren Jahresberichten und im Dialog mit dem EAD die Einrichtung dieses Amts gefordert. Er forderte den EAD zudem wiederholt auf, in allen EU-Delegationen Stabsstellen für Menschenrechte einzurichten und EU-Verbindungsbeamte für Menschenrechtsverteidiger in allen Drittländern zu Stavros Lambrinidis Sonderbeauftragter der EU für Menschenrechte benennen. Dieser Prozess steht kurz vor dem Abschluss. Beziehungen zu anderen EP-Ausschüssen und interparlamentarischen Delegationen Als einer der beiden Unterausschüsse des Ausschusses für auswärtige Angelegenheiten (AFET) unterhält der Unterausschuss Menschenrechte eine enge Arbeitsbeziehung zu seinem „Hauptausschuss“ AFET. Der bzw. die DROI-Vorsitzende ist Mitglied des erweiterten AFET-
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