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Women Leaders in Ghanaian Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches

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Women Leaders in Ghanaian Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh WOMEN LEADERS IN GHANAIAN PENTECOSTAL/CHARISMATIC CHURCHES BY ERNESTINA ENYONAM NOVIETO (10047107) THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF PHD STUDY OF RELIGIONS DEGREE JUNE 2013 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis, with the exception of literature cited, which has been duly acknowledged, is the result of my own research work carried out in the Department for the Study of Religions, University of Ghana, under the supervision of Prof. Elom Dovlo, Prof. Elizabeth Amoah and Prof. David Westerlund. .................................................................... .................................. ERNESTINA ENYONAM NOVIETO DATE (STUDENT) .................................................................... .................................. REV. PROF. ELOM DOVLO DATE (SUPERVISOR) ..................................................................... .................................. PROF. ELIZABETH AMOAH DATE (SUPERVISOR) ..................................................................... .................................. PROF. DAVID WESTERLUND DATE (SUPERVISOR) i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my dear husband Rev. Kwesi Novieto who has been of a great support throughout these years of study. He did not only endure my long absence from home, but gave me all the help I needed to make me realise this dream. The Lord bless you richly. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am most grateful to the Lord for His mercies and grace that has brought me this far. I wish to express my profound gratitude to my supervisors Prof. Elom Dovlo, Prof. Elizabeth Amoah and Prof. David Westerlund for the good working relationships and mentoring roles. I appreciate their professionalism, patience and tolerance in guiding the study to this level. I thank the University of Ghana for granting me Study Leave with pay to enable me to pursue this course. I am also grateful to the Swedish Institute for giving me a 12 – month guest scholarship. Missions Academy at the University of Hamburg also awarded me with a 6 – month short term scholarship and I am grateful for the support. In this regard, I thank Prof. David Westerlund and Dr. Gunilla Gunner of Sodertorns University College, Stockholm, Sweden as well as Dr. Michael Biehl, Pfrin. Sabine Förster and Prof. Dr. Werner Kahl of the Missions Academy, Hamburg, Germany for their enormous help. I appreciate the Head, Colleagues and the Administrative Staff of the Department for the Study of Religions, University of Ghana for the diverse ways in which they have helped me achieve this height. I am particularly grateful to Dr. Rebecca Ganusah, Dr. Rabiatu Ammah and Rev. Dr. Abamfo Atiemo for their care and concern. Prof. E. Kweku Osam, Pro-Vice Chancellor (Academic & Student Affairs) of the University of Ghana, formerly, the Dean of the Faculty of Arts, needs to be mentioned for his special interest in my academic progression. I remain grateful to him. I am thankful to Mr. Fredrick Acheampong, Ms. Evelyn Arhin-Sam, Mrs. Susan Aryee, Rev. Dr. C. F. K. Gbekor and Rev. Edward Y. Wornyoh for the diverse ways they have helped in this research work. I am grateful to my husband, parents, siblings, entire family and friends for the great support they always shown to me. iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AIC(s) African Independent Church (es) CoP Church of Pentecost DOVVSU Domestic Violence and Victims Support Unit (of the Ghana Police Service) CHRAJ Commission for Human Rights and Administrative Justice FIDA–Ghana The Federation of Women Lawyers in Ghana GIMPA Ghana Institute for Management and Public Administration GPC Ghana Pentecostal Council GPCC Ghana Pentecostal and Charismatic Council MOWAC Ministry of Women’s and Children’s Affairs NACCC National Association of Charismatic Christian Churches NCWD National Council on Women and Development NDC National Democratic Congress NGO Non–Governmental Organisations PNDC Provisional National Defence Council TLGM The Lord’s Garden Ministries iv University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Page DECLARATION........................................................................................................... i DEDICATION.............................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................... iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... x ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of Problem ............................................................................................... 7 1.3 Objective .................................................................................................................. 7 1.4 Research Questions .................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Scope ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.6 Previous Research .................................................................................................... 9 Global Scene ............................................................................................................ 10 African Regional Scene ........................................................................................... 15 Ghanaian Scene ........................................................................................................ 17 1.7 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework ................................................................ 21 1.8 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 27 The Researcher as an Insider/Outsider .................................................................... 31 1.9 Structure ................................................................................................................. 31 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................... 33 WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP IN RELIGION AND SOCIETY ............................... 33 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 33 2.2 Women in Akan Traditional Society ..................................................................... 35 v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Akan Indigenous Religious Ideas in Relation to Women ........................................ 37 The Status of Women in the Akan Family System .................................................. 45 Women in the Akan Socio-Political System ............................................................ 50 Women’s Traditional Spiritual Authority ................................................................ 55 2.3 The Contemporary Ghanaian Society and Women ............................................... 59 Women’s Activism .................................................................................................. 61 Women’s Education ................................................................................................. 65 Women and the Economy ........................................................................................ 68 Politics and Leadership ............................................................................................ 70 National Politics and Leadership ......................................................................... 70 Christian Women in Political Leadership ............................................................ 72 2.4 Women’s Leadership in the Church in Ghana ....................................................... 74 Women Leaders in Mainline Churches.................................................................... 77 Women Leaders in Pentecostal and Charismatic Traditions ................................... 79 African Indigenous Churches .............................................................................. 79 Classical Pentecostal Churches ............................................................................ 82 Charismatic Churches .......................................................................................... 83 Women’s Groups ..................................................................................................... 85 2.5 Pentecostal and Charismatic Construction of Gender ........................................... 86 2.6 Summary ...............................................................................................................
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