Infant CPR (Under 1 Year) Pg 3

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NDA Child and Baby First Aid

Contents

Intro Pg 1

Primary Survey Pg 2

Infant CPR (Under 1 Year) Pg 3

Child CPR (1-Puberty) Pg 4

Infant choking (Under 1 Year) Pg 5

Child Choking (1- Puberty) Pg 6

Anaphylaxis Pg 7

Meningitus Pg 8

Burns Pg 9

Introduction

We at NDA First Aid Training Ltd hope you find this booklet helpful. There is no substitute for training but something is better than nothing.

We offer 2 Hour Child and Baby First Aid courses in Marlow and Stokenchurch, Buckinghamshire.

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2 Primary Survey

DRAB is an easy way to remember the Primary Survey. Probably the most important First Aid technique we can teach you if someone doesn’t seem alert.

Danger – You are no good as a second casualty. Assess the situation to decide whether it’s safe to approach

Response - Try talking to them in both ears, do you get a response? Hello, Are you alright? Tap infants foot

Airway - Open the airway by doing a head tilt and chin lift, this prevents the tongue from blocking the airway, minimal tilt for an infant.

Breathing - Look, listen and feel for normal signs of breathing for up to 10 seconds.

Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing

If NOT breathing normally do CPR and call 999/112

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Infant CPR (Under 1 Years old)

We at NDA First Aid Training Ltd hope you are never put in this position but some of the causes for a child or infant to stop breathing are: • Choking • Drowning • Anaphylaxis (Allergic reaction) • Suffocation

CPR is given when the child or baby is not responding and not breathing as they should be.

CPR is made up of 2 Elements • Rescue Breaths • Chest Compressions.

Rescue Breaths x 5 Chest Compressions x 30

Infant rescue breaths: Start with 5 Rescue breaths. Keep the neck in a neutral position and place your mouth over their mouth and nose. With the puff of your cheeks blow for no longer than a second and do this 5 times.

Infant Chest compressions: Place 2 fingers in the centre of the chest and compress 1 third of the chest depth 30 times.

Then do 2 Rescue Breaths.

Continue 30:2 until you are exhausted, the casualty shows signs of life, or the medical services arrive. You can also swap with someone every 2 minutes (Roughly 5-6 cycles if fatigued)

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Child CPR (1 Year to Puberty)

We at NDA First Aid Training Ltd hope you are never put in this position but some of the causes for a Child or Infant to stop breathing are: • Choking • Drowning • Anaphylaxis (Allergic reaction) • Suffocation

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is given when the child or baby is not responding and not breathing as they should be.

CPR is made up of 2 Elements • Rescue Breaths • Chest Compressions.

Rescue Breaths x 5 Chest Compressions x 30

Child rescue breaths: Start with 5 Rescue breaths. Tilt the neck back using the head tilt chin lift technique, pinch the nose and place your mouth over their mouth. Blow for no longer than a second and do this 5 times.

Child Chest compressions: Place 1 hand (Can use 2 if a bigger child) in the centre of the chest with locked elbows and compress 1 third of the chest depth 30 times.

Then do 2 Rescue Breaths.

Continue 30:2 until you are exhausted, the casualty shows signs of life, or the medical services arrive. Swap every 2 minutes if needed with a helper.

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5 Choking Infant (0-1 Year)

Infants and children like to put all sorts in their ears, nose and mouth. This could block the airway and stop them breathing. Common things infants can choke on are: • Food, particularly grapes if not cut properly • Pen Lids • Batteries • Broken toys/equipment

Seeing somebody choke is scary. How would you recognise this? The signs and symptoms include: Red, blue, purple face, lack of movement and breathing, motionless, watery eyes, attempting to cough.

If they are coughing it’s a good sign and the infant may cough the foreign object up. If they are silent or struggling. Do the below:

Up to 5 Back Blows Up to 5 Chest Thrusts

Back Blows: Angle the infant down to aid gravity and give the infant up to 5 sharp blows using the heel of the hand between the shoulder blades. Checking after each back blow if the object has been removed

Chest Thrusts: Angle the child down on your lap, ensuring they don’t fall and do a chest thrust. Very similar to the Chest compression but more one off and vigorous. We do this up to 5 times checking after each one.

Repeat the above 3 times before calling 999/112. Be prepared to do CPR if the infant falls unconscious and is not breathing normally.

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Choking Child (1 Year - Puberty)

Infants and children like to put all sorts in their ears, nose and mouth. This could block the airway and stop them breathing. Common things children can choke on are: • Food, particularly grapes if not cut properly • Pen Lids • Batteries • Broken toys/equipment

Seeing somebody choke is scary. How would you recognise this? The signs and symptoms include: Red, blue, purple face, lack of movement and breathing, motionless, watery eyes, attempting to cough.

If they are coughing it’s a good sign and the child may cough the foreign object up. If they are silent or struggling. Do the below:

Up to 5 Back Blows Up to 5 Abdominal Thrusts

Back Blows: Bend casualty forward. Give up to 5 back blows between the shoulder blades. Check between blows and stop if you clear the obstruction.

Abdominal Thrusts: Stand behind the casualty placing both your arms around the waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it just above the belly button. Grasp the fist with the other hand and pull sharply inwards and upwards. Do this up to 5 times. If unsuccessful return to back blows

Repeat the above 3 times before calling 999/112. Be prepared to do CPR if the Child falls unconscious and is not breathing normally.

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7 Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that leads to a fall in blood pressure and difficulty breathing.

Common triggers can be: • Eating items like shellfish, nuts, dairy products or Medicines • Coming into contact with chemicals, Animals or insects

You can recognise this by: • Pain and swelling around the area of contact • Swelling of face, neck, mouth and tongue • Difficulty in breathing • Anxiety or distress • Pale or flushed skin • Impaired level of consciousness • Signs & symptoms of shock

Treatment: • Call 999 / 112 for an ambulance • Sit the casualty in a position which aids their breathing • Allow the casualty to take their own medication if they can • Be prepared to treat for the onset of shock, and / or to resuscitate

An example of an Auto injector of Adrenalin

Be prepared to do CPR if the Child falls unconscious and is not breathing normally.

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8 Meningitus

Meningitus is an infection of the linings surrounding the brain and spinal cord which is caused by bacterial or viral infections. It can be life threatening seek medical help straight away and be persistant. Nobody knows your child like you do.

You can recognise this by: • Fever but Cold hands & feet • Pain in the limbs or joints • Abnormal skin colour • Stiff neck • Blotchy purple rash that doesn’t fade when squashed with a glass tumbler

Treatment: • Call 999/112 Immediately!! • Some people confuse Meningitus with flu like symptoms, if in doubt SHOUT! • Do not take any risks! • Be Persistant

An example of the rash and glass test can be seen below.

Be persistant. Fifty percent of cases are sent home as flu like symptoms. Ensure you stand your ground. You know your child!

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9 Burns

Any Burn to a child or baby should be taken as serious and medical assistance is required. Due to the skin being so much more sensitive than an adult a burn can do a lot more damage

Types of Burn: Dry Burn Friction, flames and hot surfaces Scalds Steam and hot liquids Chemical Burns Domestic or industrial chemicals Electrical Burns Domestic appliances, overhead cables Radiation Burn Sunburn, sun beds, x-rays Cold Injury Frozen metal objects, frostbite, vapours

You can recognise this by the skin being: • Red, sore and swollen (Superficial) • Raw and blisters (Partial) • Pale, charred and waxy (Full Thickness)

Treatment: • Cool the burn immediately • Minimum 10 minutes (dry and wet burns) • Minimum 20 minutes (chemical burns) • Dress the burn with a sterile dressing Cling film is one of the best dressings!

NEVER Burst Blisters Touch the burn Apply lotions, ointments or fats Remove clothing that has stuck to the skin

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