Osteoporosis Health Belief, Knowledge Level and Risk Factors in Individuals Whose Bone Mineral Density Was Required

ASLAN G & KILIC D. Belitung Nursing Journal. 2017 June;3(3):162-173 Accepted: 12 May 2017 http://belitungraya.org/BRP/index.php/bnj/ © 2017 Belitung Nursing Journal This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited ORIGINAL RESEARCH ISSN: 2477-4073 OSTEOPOROSIS HEALTH BELIEF, KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AND RISK FACTORS IN INDIVIDUALS WHOSE BONE MINERAL DENSITY WAS REQUIRED Gulpinar ASLAN1*, Dilek KILIC2 1Agri Ibrahim Cecen University Vocational Department of Health Care Services, Agri, TURKEY 2Associate Professor, Ataturk University, Health Science Faculty, Nursing Department, Erzurum, TURKEY *Correspondence: Gulpinar ASLAN, MScN, RN Agri Ibrahim Cecen University Vocational Department of Health Care Services, Agri, TURKEY E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Aim: This descriptive-relational study aims to identify osteoporosıs health belief, knowledge level and risk factors in individuals whose bone mineral density was required. Method: Target population of the study was 110 men and 126 women aged 35 and over, who applied to Atatürk University Aziziye - Yakutiye Research Hospital Nuclear Medicine Center Bone Densitometer Unit between January 2010 and October 2010. No sampling was performed, the whole target population was involved in the study. Data were collected through the Personal Information Form that included socio-demographic features, The Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale, the Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale and the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test. Results: The Osteoporosis Health Belief score of the participants was 139.99±14.79, Osteoporosis Knowledge score was 10.06±4.30, and Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy score was 742.00±213.44. Among Osteoporosis health beliefs, women’s Susceptibility, Seriousness, Barriers of Exercise, and Barriers of Calcium mean scores were found to be higher than those of men (p<0.001). Men’s Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy scale and sub-dimensions mean scores were found to be higher in comparison to women (p<0.001). DEXA analysis results show that 57.1% of the women and 27.3% of the men were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Conclusion: According to the Logistic regression analysis that aimed to identify the risk factors having roles in Osteoporosis diagnosis, the affecting risk factors were gender, age, and medicine use. As for women, logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors were education level – being illiterate, medicine use, osteoporosis story in family, and 4 or more deliveries. Key words: Osteoporosis Health Beliefs, Osteoporosis Knowledge Test, Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy, Osteoporosis Risk Factors. Belitung Nursing Journal , Volume 3, Issue 3, May-June 2017 162 INTRODUCTION important consequence of osteoporosis Osteoporosis is defined as decreased bone diagnosis and treatment.8 It is reported density that is accompanied by the that for osteoporosis diagnosis and deterioration of the microstructure of the fracture risk evaluation, it would be more bone tissue. Significant decrease in the effective to investigate osteoporosis risk circulation of estrogen and progesterone factors and to assess bone mineral density in the postmenopausal period causes an with DEXA.9 increase in bone resorption, negative Due to its morbidity and mortality, hip calcium balance, and loss of bone volume. fracture is the most feared osteoporosis Clinical diagnosis is made through bone symptom. Osteoporotic hip fracture risk mineral density measurements (T-score of has been increasing in our country and in below -2.5) and osteoporosis and break Europe. In their study on fractures, Tüzün story in the bones.1,2 et al. found that almost half of the people As it affects both men and women, aged over 50 had osteoporosis, one fourth osteoporosis is acknowledged as an had osteoporosis, and hip fracture rates important public health problem which is increased over the years. In our country, common worldwide. Because women has the number of people who experienced longer length of life and smaller bones in hip fracture was 24.000 in 2010, and it is comparison to men, and because bone expected to reach up to 36.000 in 2020.10 mass losses increase after menopause, this In 2010, a total number of 27.5 disease is more common in women than million people aged between 50 and 84 men. However, due to risks of breaks in (5.5 million men and 22 million women) men with the increase in their age, were diagnosed with osteoporosis In Osteoporosis is encountered as a serious Europe, and the number of those public health problem in men, as well.3,4 diagnosed with osteoporosis is expected to Besides, it is known that nearly one reach up to 33.9 million in 2025. Besides, third of all osteoporotic fractures in the 3.5 million fractures were reported to have world have happened in men since 2000, happened. Of these, 620.000 were hip and 45% of all fractures were in areas that fractures, 520.000 were vertebra, 560.000 are frequently affected by osteoporosis. were wrists, and 1.800.000 were in other Osteoporosis prevalence in the United areas of the body.11 Again, in 2010 States of America is reported to be approximately 10.2 million people were between 13 to 18% in women aged 50 and diagnosed with osteoporosis in the United over and 3 to 6 % in men aged 50 and States of America. Of these, 8.2 million over; mortality rates were found to were found to happen in women and 2 increase in men too, especially following million in men. 27.3 million women and a hip fracture. Besides, disability is 16.1 million men were diagnosed with reported to increase in men following a osteoporosis. Besides, 1 in 3 women and 1 hip fracture. For these reasons, early in 5 men in the world and 1 in 2 women osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment in and 1 in 5 men in the USA experience men have been increasingly important, bone fracture due to osteoporosis at any and those who are at risk are stage of their lives.12,13 recommended to have bone mineral Given that the world's population is density (BMD) screening.5,6,7 getting older, it is clear that the DEXA measurement is an important osteoporosis problem will grow gradually. standard for osteoporosis diagnosis and For this reason, it will be of great treatment. It has an important place in the importance to have early diagnosis of prevention of fractures, which is an osteoporosis, to identify the risk factors, 163 Belitung Nursing Journal , Volume 3, Issue 3, May-June 2017 and to have sufficient knowledge to age, low body mass index, late menarche, prevent the development of the disease early menopause, amenorrhea story, with the necessary life changes. In this fracture story due to osteoporosis in the regard, it is very important to assess individual or family, insufficient sunlight osteoporosis health beliefs, osteoporosis exposure, calcium-poor and protein- rich self-efficacy perception, osteoporosis diet, smoking, alcohol and coffee knowledge, and the risk factors for consumption, sedentary lifestyle, chronic osteoporosis, which are assumed to be the diseases, cognitive function, medicine use initiators of osteoporosis-preventive that has effects on mood disorders and behaviors.8,14,15 bone metabolism.3,8,20,21 Osteoporosis Health Belief Model With their modern educator roles in forms a base for changing and evaluating the health protection and improvement of health beliefs, behaviors, and information this fragile population under osteoporosis about osteoporosis to prevent the illness. risk, nurses who provide primary health It is a factor that encourages individuals to care have important roles for the greater avoid negative health behaviors and gain aim of creating a healthy society and positive health behaviors. It has been achieving health goals. In this regard, it is reported that osteoporosis prevention important to identify osteoporosis risk education programs that aim to increase factors, knowledge level, and health osteoporosis health perceptions beliefs and raise awareness of (Susceptibility and seriousness osteoporosis.14,16 perception) and perceived benefits and Results of the present study are motivations, and decrease perception of considered to enable to identify studies on obstacles could be effective in providing osteoporosis and serve as a guide by positive health behaviors.16,17 increasing awareness of nurses working in Research supports knowledge as a this field. cognitive determinant in changing behaviors and preventing various chronic METHODS illnesses and reducing risks. Accordingly, Design and sample osteoporosis exercise knowledge has been Target population of the study was 110 shown to be a cognitive determinant of men and 126 women aged 35 and over, exercise self-efficacy perception. In who applied to Atatürk University Aziziye addition, osteoporosis prevention - Yakutiye Research Hospital Nuclear education, which includes cognitive and Medicine Center Bone Densitometer Unit behavioral processes, has been shown to between January 2010 and October 2010. increase osteoporosis knowledge, No sampling was performed, the whole osteoporosis health beliefs, self-efficacy target population was involved in the perception and osteoporosis-preventive study. health behaviors.17,18,19 Osteoporosis is a clinical case that Measures occurs due to multi-factorial reasons. Data were collected through the Personal Methods for defining the osteoporosis risk Information Form that included socio- are needed because it is difficult to demographic features, The Osteoporosis diagnose the disease before complications Health Belief Scale, the Osteoporosis appear. One of the easiest methods is the Self-Efficacy Scale and the Osteoporosis identification of the risk factors. Some of Knowledge Test. the risk factors for osteoporosis are; 1. Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale Racial and genetic characteristics, gender, Belitung Nursing Journal , Volume 3, Issue 3, May-June 2017 164 Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability of the Osteoporosis Health Data Collection Belief Scale developed by Kim et al22. The data were collected by the researchers was performed by Kılıç and Erci23 .

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