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2011 Volume 1 The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Mathematics PROGRESS IN PHYSICS “All scientists shall have the right to present their scientific research results, in whole or in part, at relevant scientific conferences, and to publish the same in printed scientific journals, electronic archives, and any other media.” — Declaration of Academic Freedom, Article 8 ISSN 1555-5534 The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Mathematics PROGRESS IN PHYSICS A quarterly issue scientific journal, registered with the Library of Congress (DC, USA). This journal is peer reviewed and included in the abs- tracting and indexing coverage of: Mathematical Reviews and MathSciNet (AMS, USA), DOAJ of Lund University (Sweden), Zentralblatt MATH (Germany), Scientific Commons of the University of St. Gallen (Switzerland), Open-J-Gate (India), Referativnyi Zhurnal VINITI (Russia), etc. Electronic version of this journal: JANUARY 2011 VOLUME 1 http://www.ptep-online.com Editorial Board CONTENTS Dmitri Rabounski, Editor-in-Chief [email protected] Adekugbe A. O. J. Re-Identification of the Many-World Background of Special Rel- Florentin Smarandache, Assoc. Editor ativity as Four-World Background. Part I . 3 [email protected] Adekugbe A. O. J. Re-Identification of the Many-World Background of Special Rel- Larissa Borissova, Assoc. Editor ativity as Four-World Background. Part II . 25 [email protected] Benish R. J. Missing Measurements of Weak-Field Gravity . 40 Editorial Team Cahill R. T. and Brotherton D. Experimental Investigation of the Fresnel Drag Effect Gunn Quznetsov inRFCoaxialCables.........................................................43 [email protected] Andreas Ries May R. D. and Cahill R. T. Dynamical 3-Space Gravity Theory: Effects on Polytropic [email protected] SolarModels................................................................49 Chifu Ebenezer Ndikilar Daywitt W. C. Particles and Antiparticles in the Planck Vacuum Theory . 55 [email protected] Drezet A. Wave Particle Duality and the Afshar Experiment . 57 Felix Scholkmann [email protected] Zein W. A., Ibrahim N. A., and Phillips A. H. Noise and Fano-factor Control in AC- DrivenAharonov-CasherRing................................................65 Postal Address Barbu C. Smarandache’s Minimum Theorem in the Einstein Relativistic Velocity Model Department of Mathematics and Science, ofHyperbolicGeometry......................................................68 University of New Mexico, 200 College Road, Gallup, NM 87301, USA Smarandache F. S-DenyingaTheory..............................................71 Comay E. On the Quantum Mechanical State of the Δ++ Baryon......................75 Copyright c Progress in Physics, 2011 Minasyan V. and Samoilov V. Sound-Particles and Phonons with Spin 1. .81 All rights reserved. The authors of the ar- Khazan A. Applying Adjacent Hyperbolas to Calculation of the Upper Limit of the Peri- ticles do hereby grant Progress in Physics odic Table of Elements, with Use of Rhodium . 87 non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free li- cense to publish and distribute the articles in Weller D. L. How Black Holes Violate the Conservation of Energy . 89 accordance with the Budapest Open Initia- Weller D. L. Five Fallacies Used to Link Black Holes to Einstein’s Relativistic Space- tive: this means that electronic copying, dis- Time.......................................................................93 tribution and printing of both full-size ver- sion of the journal and the individual pa- Quznetsov G. Lee Smolin Five Great Problems and Their Solution without Ontological pers published therein for non-commercial, Hypotheses.................................................................98 academic or individual use can be made by any user without permission or charge. The Messina J. F. On the Failure of Particle Dark Matter Experiments to Yield Positive Re- authors of the articles published in Progress sults.......................................................................101 in Physics retain their rights to use this jour- Ries A. and Fook M.V.L. 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All that has been accepted for the online issue of Progress in Physics is printed in the paper version of the journal. To order printed issues, contact the Editors. This journal is non-commercial, academic edition. It is printed from pri- vate donations. (Look for the current author fee in the online version of the journal.) January, 2011 PROGRESS IN PHYSICS Volume 1 SPECIAL REPORT Re-Identification of the Many-World Background of Special Relativity as Four-World Background. Part I. Akindele O. Joseph Adekugbe Center for The Fundamental Theory, P. O. Box 2575, Akure, Ondo State 340001, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] The pair of co-existing symmetrical universes, referred to as our (or positive) universe and negative universe, isolated and shown to constitute a two-world background for the special theory of relativity (SR) in previous papers, encompasses another pair of symmetrical universes, referred to as positive time-universe and negative time-universe. The Euclidean 3-spaces (in the context of SR) of the positive time-universe and the negative time-universe constitute the time dimensions of our (or positive) universe and the negative universe respectively, relative to observers in the Euclidean 3-spaces of our universe and the negative universe and the Euclidean 3-spaces of our universe and the negative universe constitute the time dimensions of the positive time-universe and the negative time-universe respectively, relative to observers in the Euclidean 3-spaces of the positive time-universe and the negative time-universe. Thus time is a secondary concept derived from the concept of space according to this paper. The one-dimensional particle or object in time dimension to every three-dimensional particle or object in 3- space in our universe is a three-dimensional particle or object in 3-space in the positive time-universe. Perfect symmetry of natural laws is established among the resulting four universes and two outstanding issues about the new spacetime/intrinsic spacetime geometrical representation of Lorentz transformation/intrinsic Lorentz transformation in the two-world picture, developed in the previous papers, are resolved within the larger four-world picture in this first part of this paper. 1 Origin of time and intrinsic time dimensions surface and the Euclidean 3-space Σ00 with mutually orthog- onal straight line dimensions x010; x020 and x030 as a hyper- 1.1 Orthogonal Euclidean 3-spaces surface to be represented by a vertical plane surface. The Let us start with an operational definition of orthogonal Eucl- union of the two orthogonal proper (or classical) Euclidean idean 3-spaces. Given a three-dimensional Euclidean space 3-spaces yields a compound six-dimensional proper (or clas- (or a Euclidean 3-space) IE3 with mutually orthogonal straight sical) Euclidean space with mutually orthogonal dimensions line dimensions x1; x2 and x3 and another Euclidean 3-space x10; x20; x30; x010; x020 and x030 illustrated in Fig. 1. IE03 with mutually orthogonal straight line dimensions x01; x02 As introduced (as ansatz) in [1] and as shall be derived and x03, the Euclidean 3-space IE03 shall be said to be orthog- formally in the two parts of this paper, the hyper-surface (or onal to the Euclidean 3-space IE3 if, and only if, each dimen- proper Euclidean 3-space) Σ0 along the horizontal is underlied sion x0 j of IE03; j = 1; 2; 3, is orthogonal to every dimension by an isotropic one-dimensional