Cooperia Punctata: Effect on Cattle Productivity?
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The Functional Parasitic Worm Secretome: Mapping the Place of Onchocerca Volvulus Excretory Secretory Products
pathogens Review The Functional Parasitic Worm Secretome: Mapping the Place of Onchocerca volvulus Excretory Secretory Products Luc Vanhamme 1,*, Jacob Souopgui 1 , Stephen Ghogomu 2 and Ferdinand Ngale Njume 1,2 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (F.N.N.) 2 Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea P.O Box 63, Cameroon; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 October 2020; Accepted: 18 November 2020; Published: 23 November 2020 Abstract: Nematodes constitute a very successful phylum, especially in terms of parasitism. Inside their mammalian hosts, parasitic nematodes mainly dwell in the digestive tract (geohelminths) or in the vascular system (filariae). One of their main characteristics is their long sojourn inside the body where they are accessible to the immune system. Several strategies are used by parasites in order to counteract the immune attacks. One of them is the expression of molecules interfering with the function of the immune system. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) pertain to this category. This is, however, not their only biological function, as they seem also involved in other mechanisms such as pathogenicity or parasitic cycle (molting, for example). Wewill mainly focus on filariae ESPs with an emphasis on data available regarding Onchocerca volvulus, but we will also refer to a few relevant/illustrative examples related to other worm categories when necessary (geohelminth nematodes, trematodes or cestodes). -
Gastrointestinal Helminthic Parasites of Habituated Wild Chimpanzees
Aus dem Institut für Parasitologie und Tropenveterinärmedizin des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Gastrointestinal helminthic parasites of habituated wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Taï NP, Côte d’Ivoire − including characterization of cultured helminth developmental stages using genetic markers Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Veterinärmedizin an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Sonja Metzger Tierärztin aus München Berlin 2014 Journal-Nr.: 3727 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zentek Erster Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna Zweiter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heribert Hofer Dritter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Achim Gruber Deskriptoren (nach CAB-Thesaurus): chimpanzees, helminths, host parasite relationships, fecal examination, characterization, developmental stages, ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial DNA Tag der Promotion: 10.06.2015 Contents I INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------- 1- 4 I.1 Background 1- 3 I.2 Study objectives 4 II LITERATURE OVERVIEW --------------------------------------- 5- 37 II.1 Taï National Park 5- 7 II.1.1 Location and climate 5- 6 II.1.2 Vegetation and fauna 6 II.1.3 Human pressure and impact on the park 7 II.2 Chimpanzees 7- 12 II.2.1 Status 7 II.2.2 Group sizes and composition 7- 9 II.2.3 Territories and ranging behavior 9 II.2.4 Diet and hunting behavior 9- 10 II.2.5 Contact with humans 10 II.2.6 -
The Identification of Haemonchus Species and Diagnosis of Haemonchosis
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2016 The Identification of Haemonchus Species and Diagnosis of Haemonchosis Dante Zarlenga E.P. Hoberg W. Tuo Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. CHAPTER FIVE The Identification of Haemonchus Species and Diagnosis of Haemonchosis D.S. Zarlenga1, E.P. Hoberg, W. Tuo USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States 1Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Contents 1. Introduction 146 2. Morphological Approaches for Identifying Haemonchus contortus 147 2.1 Morphology; the gold standard 147 2.1.1 Identification of adult worms 148 2.1.2 Identification of infective third-stage larvae 150 2.1.3 Identification of parasitic fourth-stage larvae 152 2.1.4 Identification of eggs 152 3. Molecular Methods for Identifying Haemonchus 155 3.1 Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei or both? 155 3.2 Traditional PCR 157 3.3 Real-time PCR 159 3.4 The next generation 162 3.4.1 Loop-mediated isothermal amplification 162 3.4.2 Metagenomics and pyrosequencing 163 4. -
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(3), 972-999 REVIEW ARTICLE ……………………………………………………
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(3), 972-999 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/3597 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/3597 REVIEW ARTICLE HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS AND OVINE HOST: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. *Saeed El-Ashram1,2, Ibrahim Al Nasr3,4, Rashid mehmood5,6, Min Hu7, Li He7, *Xun Suo1 1. National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. 2. Faculty of Science, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. 3. College of Science and Arts in Unaizah, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia. 4. College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia. 5. College of information science and technology, Beijing normal university, Beijing, china. 6. Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Management Sciences and Information Technology, Kotli Azad Kashmir, 11100, Pakistan 7. State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei,China. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections are a world-wide problem for Received: 05 January 2017 both small- and large-scale farmers. Infection by GI parasites in Final Accepted: 09 February 2017 ruminants, including sheep and goat can result in harsh economic losses Published: March 2017 in a variety of ways: reproductive inefficiency, decreased work capacity, involuntary culling, diminished food intake, poor animal growth rates and lower weight gains, treatment and management costs, Key words:- Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections; and mortality in heavily parasitized animals. -
Anthelmintic Resistance of Ostertagia Ostertagi and Cooperia Oncophora to Macrocyclic Lactones in Cattle from the Western United States
Veterinary Parasitology 170 (2010) 224–229 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Parasitology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Anthelmintic resistance of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora to macrocyclic lactones in cattle from the western United States M.D. Edmonds, E.G. Johnson, J.D. Edmonds ∗ Johnson Research LLC, 24007 Highway 20-26, Parma, ID, 83660, USA article info abstract Article history: In June 2008, 122 yearling heifers with a history of anthelmintic resistance were obtained Received 15 October 2009 from pastures in northern California and transported to a dry lot facility in southwest- Received in revised form 28 January 2010 ern Idaho, USA. Fifty heifers with the highest fecal egg counts were selected for study Accepted 24 February 2010 enrollment. Candidates were equally randomized to treatment with either injectable iver- mectin (Ivomec®, Merial, 0.2 mg kg−1 BW), injectable moxidectin (Cydectin®, Fort Dodge, Keywords: 0.2 mg kg−1 BW), oral fenbendazole (Safe-Guard®, Intervet, 5.0 mg kg−1 BW), oral oxfenda- Anthelmintic resistance zole (Synanthic®, Fort Dodge, 4.5 mg kg−1 BW), or saline. At 14 days post-treatment, Cattle Bovine nematodes were recovered from the abomasum, small intestine, and large intestine. Par- Nematodes asitism was confirmed in the control group when 10/10 animals were infected with Efficacy adult Ostertagia ostertagi and 9/10 animals with both developing and early L4 stages of Cooperia O. ostertagi. Similarly, 9/10 animals were parasitized with adult Cooperia spp. Fenbenda- Ostertagia zole and oxfendazole efficacy verses controls were >90% against adult Cooperia spp., while moxidectin caused an 88% parasite reduction post-treatment (P < 0.05). -
Monophyly of Clade III Nematodes Is Not Supported by Phylogenetic Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Monophyly of clade III nematodes is not supported by phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7509r5vp Journal BMC Genomics, 12(1) ISSN 1471-2164 Authors Park, Joong-Ki Sultana, Tahera Lee, Sang-Hwa et al. Publication Date 2011-08-03 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-392 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Park et al. BMC Genomics 2011, 12:392 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/392 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Monophyly of clade III nematodes is not supported by phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences Joong-Ki Park1*, Tahera Sultana2, Sang-Hwa Lee3, Seokha Kang4, Hyong Kyu Kim5, Gi-Sik Min2, Keeseon S Eom6 and Steven A Nadler7 Abstract Background: The orders Ascaridida, Oxyurida, and Spirurida represent major components of zooparasitic nematode diversity, including many species of veterinary and medical importance. Phylum-wide nematode phylogenetic hypotheses have mainly been based on nuclear rDNA sequences, but more recently complete mitochondrial (mtDNA) gene sequences have provided another source of molecular information to evaluate relationships. Although there is much agreement between nuclear rDNA and mtDNA phylogenies, relationships among certain major clades are different. In this study we report that mtDNA sequences do not support the monophyly of Ascaridida, Oxyurida and Spirurida (clade III) in contrast to results for nuclear rDNA. Results from mtDNA genomes show promise as an additional independently evolving genome for developing phylogenetic hypotheses for nematodes, although substantially increased taxon sampling is needed for enhanced comparative value with nuclear rDNA. -
Vitro Exposure to Ivermectin and Levamisole on the Expression Patterns of ABC Transporters in Haemonchus Contortus Larvae
International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 6 (2016) 103e115 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijppaw Effects of in vitro exposure to ivermectin and levamisole on the expression patterns of ABC transporters in Haemonchus contortus larvae * Ali Raza a, b, Steven R. Kopp b, Neil H. Bagnall a, Abdul Jabbar c, Andrew C. Kotze a, a CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia b School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia c Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia article info abstract Article history: This study investigated the interaction of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins with ivermectin Received 15 October 2015 (IVM) and levamisole (LEV) in larvae of susceptible and resistant isolates of Haemonchus contortus in vitro Received in revised form by measuring transcription patterns following exposure to these anthelmintics. Furthermore, we studied 21 March 2016 the consequences of drug exposure by measuring the sensitivity of L to subsequent exposure to higher Accepted 22 March 2016 3 drug concentrations using larval migration assays. The most highly transcribed transporter genes in both Available online 23 March 2016 susceptible and resistant L3 were pgp-9.3, abcf-1, mrp-5, abcf-2, pgp-3, and pgp-10. The resistant isolate showed significantly higher transcription of pgp-1, pgp-9.1 and pgp-9.2 compared to the susceptible Keywords: fi ABC transporters isolate. Five P-gp genes and the haf-6 gene showed signi cantly higher transcription (up to 12.6-fold) fi Anthelmintics after 3 h exposure to IVM in the resistant isolate. -
Ostertagia Ostertagi Excretory-Secretory Products
Academic Year 2007-2008 Laboratory for Parasitology Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology Ghent University – Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Study of Ostertagia ostertagi excretory-secretory products Heidi Saverwyns Proefschrift voorgelegd aan de faculteit Diergeneeskunde tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Diergeneeskundige Wetenschappen Promotoren: Prof. Dr. E. Claerebout en Dr. P. Geldhof Het heeft wel eventjes geduurd, maar nu is het zover. Veel mensen hebben de afgelopen jaren direct of indirect hun medewerking verleend aan het tot stand komen van dit proefschrift. Een aantal van hen wil ik hier persoonlijk bedanken. In eerste instantie wens ik Prof dr. Jozef Vercuysse en mijn promotor Prof. Dr. Edwin Claerebout te bedanken omdat jullie mij de kans boden om op het labo Parasitologie te doctoreren. Jullie deur stond altijd open zowel in goede tijden als in slechte tijden. Bedankt voor alles!! Peter, nog maar pas terug uit Moredun en vervolgens gebombardeerd tot mijn promotor. Jouw hulp was onmisbaar bij het vervolledigen van dit proefschrift. Hopelijk heb je niet te veel fietsuren moeten missen door de ontelbare corrigeersessies. Denk vooral aan die ‘oh zo leuke bureau momenten’ wanneer we samen neurieden op mijn nieuwste ringtone. Dr. Marc Fransen, bedankt voor alle hulp en goede tips wanneer mijn fagen niet deden wat van hen verwacht werd. Natuurlijk wil ik u ook bedanken voor het gedetailleerd en supersnel nalezen van dit proefschrift! Isabel, jouw hersenspinsels (neergepend in een FWO aanvraag) betekenden het startsignaal van een wilde rit op het faagdisplay rad. Je hebt ons reeds enkele jaren geleden verlaten, desalniettemin was je direct bereid om in mijn leescommissie te zetelen. -
Nematodirus Spathiger of Small Ruminants Guang-Hui Zhao1*†, Yan-Qing Jia1†, Wen-Yu Cheng1, Wen Zhao1, Qing-Qing Bian1 and Guo-Hua Liu2*
Zhao et al. Parasites & Vectors 2014, 7:319 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/7/1/319 RESEARCH Open Access Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Nematodirus oiratianus and Nematodirus spathiger of small ruminants Guang-Hui Zhao1*†, Yan-Qing Jia1†, Wen-Yu Cheng1, Wen Zhao1, Qing-Qing Bian1 and Guo-Hua Liu2* Abstract Background: Nematodirus spp. are among the most common nematodes of ruminants worldwide. N. oiratianus and N. spathiger are distributed worldwide as highly prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes, which cause emerging health problems and economic losses. Accurate identification of Nematodirus species is essential to develop effective control strategies for Nematodirus infection in ruminants. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could provide powerful genetic markers for identifying these closely related species and resolving phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. Methods: In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger from small ruminants in China were obtained using Long-range PCR and sequencing. Results: The complete mt genomes of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger were 13,765 bp and 13,519 bp in length, respectively. Both mt genomes were circular and consisted of 36 genes, including 12 genes encoding proteins, 2 genes encoding rRNA, and 22 genes encoding tRNA. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated amino acid sequence data of all 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference (BI), Maximum likelihood (ML) and Maximum parsimony (MP) showed that the two Nematodirus species (Molineidae) were closely related to Dictyocaulidae. Conclusions: The availability of the complete mtDNA sequences of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger not only provides new mtDNA sources for a better understanding of nematode mt genomics and phylogeny, but also provides novel and useful genetic markers for studying diagnosis, population genetics and molecular epidemiology of Nematodirus spp. -
The Role of Carbon Dioxide in Nematode Behaviour and Physiology Cambridge.Org/Par
Parasitology The role of carbon dioxide in nematode behaviour and physiology cambridge.org/par Navonil Banerjee and Elissa A. Hallem Review Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Cite this article: Banerjee N, Hallem EA Abstract (2020). The role of carbon dioxide in nematode behaviour and physiology. Parasitology 147, Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important sensory cue for many animals, including both parasitic 841–854. https://doi.org/10.1017/ and free-living nematodes. Many nematodes show context-dependent, experience-dependent S0031182019001422 and/or life-stage-dependent behavioural responses to CO2, suggesting that CO2 plays crucial roles throughout the nematode life cycle in multiple ethological contexts. Nematodes also Received: 11 July 2019 show a wide range of physiological responses to CO . Here, we review the diverse responses Revised: 4 September 2019 2 Accepted: 16 September 2019 of parasitic and free-living nematodes to CO2. We also discuss the molecular, cellular and First published online: 11 October 2019 neural circuit mechanisms that mediate CO2 detection in nematodes, and that drive con- text-dependent and experience-dependent responses of nematodes to CO2. Key words: Carbon dioxide; chemotaxis; C. elegans; hookworms; nematodes; parasitic nematodes; sensory behaviour; Strongyloides Introduction Author for correspondence: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important sensory cue for animals across diverse phyla, including Elissa A. Hallem, E-mail: [email protected] Nematoda (Lahiri and Forster, 2003; Shusterman and Avila, 2003; Bensafi et al., 2007; Smallegange et al., 2011; Carrillo and Hallem, 2015). While the CO2 concentration in ambient air is approximately 0.038% (Scott, 2011), many nematodes encounter much higher levels of CO2 in their microenvironment during the course of their life cycles. -
P-Glycoprotein Drug Transporters in the Parasitic Nematodes Toxocara Canis and Parascaris
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2019 P-glycoprotein drug transporters in the parasitic nematodes Toxocara canis and Parascaris Jeba Rose Jennifer Jesudoss Chelladurai Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Parasitology Commons, and the Veterinary Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Jesudoss Chelladurai, Jeba Rose Jennifer, "P-glycoprotein drug transporters in the parasitic nematodes Toxocara canis and Parascaris" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17707. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17707 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. P-glycoprotein drug transporters in the parasitic nematodes Toxocara canis and Parascaris by Jeba Rose Jennifer Jesudoss Chelladurai A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Veterinary Pathology (Veterinary Parasitology) Program of Study Committee: Matthew T. Brewer, Major Professor Douglas E. Jones Richard J. Martin Jodi D. Smith Tomislav Jelesijevic The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2019 Copyright © Jeba Rose Jennifer Jesudoss Chelladurai, 2019. -
Ostertagia Ostertagi: Population Dynamics Under Pasture and Confinement Conditions with Particular Reference to the Inhibition Phenomenon
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1989 Ostertagia Ostertagi: Population Dynamics Under Pasture and Confinement Conditions With Particular Reference to the Inhibition Phenomenon. Carlos Solomon Eddi Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Eddi, Carlos Solomon, "Ostertagia Ostertagi: Population Dynamics Under Pasture and Confinement Conditions With Particular Reference to the Inhibition Phenomenon." (1989). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4712. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4712 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.