Nucleic Acids: Function and Potential for Abiogenesis
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Glossary - Cellbiology
1 Glossary - Cellbiology Blotting: (Blot Analysis) Widely used biochemical technique for detecting the presence of specific macromolecules (proteins, mRNAs, or DNA sequences) in a mixture. A sample first is separated on an agarose or polyacrylamide gel usually under denaturing conditions; the separated components are transferred (blotting) to a nitrocellulose sheet, which is exposed to a radiolabeled molecule that specifically binds to the macromolecule of interest, and then subjected to autoradiography. Northern B.: mRNAs are detected with a complementary DNA; Southern B.: DNA restriction fragments are detected with complementary nucleotide sequences; Western B.: Proteins are detected by specific antibodies. Cell: The fundamental unit of living organisms. Cells are bounded by a lipid-containing plasma membrane, containing the central nucleus, and the cytoplasm. Cells are generally capable of independent reproduction. More complex cells like Eukaryotes have various compartments (organelles) where special tasks essential for the survival of the cell take place. Cytoplasm: Viscous contents of a cell that are contained within the plasma membrane but, in eukaryotic cells, outside the nucleus. The part of the cytoplasm not contained in any organelle is called the Cytosol. Cytoskeleton: (Gk. ) Three dimensional network of fibrous elements, allowing precisely regulated movements of cell parts, transport organelles, and help to maintain a cell’s shape. • Actin filament: (Microfilaments) Ubiquitous eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins (one end is attached to the cell-cortex) of two “twisted“ actin monomers; are important in the structural support and movement of cells. Each actin filament (F-actin) consists of two strands of globular subunits (G-Actin) wrapped around each other to form a polarized unit (high ionic cytoplasm lead to the formation of AF, whereas low ion-concentration disassembles AF). -
Quantum Biology: an Update and Perspective
quantum reports Review Quantum Biology: An Update and Perspective Youngchan Kim 1,2,3 , Federico Bertagna 1,4, Edeline M. D’Souza 1,2, Derren J. Heyes 5 , Linus O. Johannissen 5 , Eveliny T. Nery 1,2 , Antonio Pantelias 1,2 , Alejandro Sanchez-Pedreño Jimenez 1,2 , Louie Slocombe 1,6 , Michael G. Spencer 1,3 , Jim Al-Khalili 1,6 , Gregory S. Engel 7 , Sam Hay 5 , Suzanne M. Hingley-Wilson 2, Kamalan Jeevaratnam 4, Alex R. Jones 8 , Daniel R. Kattnig 9 , Rebecca Lewis 4 , Marco Sacchi 10 , Nigel S. Scrutton 5 , S. Ravi P. Silva 3 and Johnjoe McFadden 1,2,* 1 Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (F.B.); e.d’[email protected] (E.M.D.); [email protected] (E.T.N.); [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (A.S.-P.J.); [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (M.G.S.); [email protected] (J.A.-K.) 2 Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; [email protected] 3 Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; [email protected] 4 School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (R.L.) 5 Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, -
Quantum Mechanics and Biology
QUANTUM MECHANICS AND BIOLOGY H. C. LONGUET-HIGGINS From the University of Cambridge, England I should like to begin by saying that I feel very diffident about speaking on the subject which the organizers of this Conference invited me to discuss with you. What I have to say will inevitably be limited by the extreme superficiality of my acquaintance with modem biochemistry and biophysics. The only apology which I can offer for being here at all is that I feel, in common with most scientists, that it is a good thing for workers in quite different fields to meet occasionally and compare notes so as to discover whether the methods of one discipline can usefully be applied to the problems of another. It will soon become apparent to you that my opinions on the usefulness of quantum mechanics to biologists are decidedly con- servative; but if these opinions are not generally shared, perhaps at least they will provoke discussion. The thesis which I want to develop in the next few minutes will seem to many of you to be rather pedestrian. Briefly I want to suggest that for many years to come the student of living matter will have much more need for an understanding of physical chemistry than for a knowledge of quantum mechanics. However much one may marvel at the variety and versatility of living things, it cannot be denied that all organisms are in one sense physico-chemical machines. Ingenious and baffling as their structure and function may seem to be, it is therefore proper, in attempting to understand them, to compare their component parts with those in- animate systems which the physical chemist now understands more or less thor- oughly. -
Science Georgia Standards of Excellence SCIENCE - Zoology
Science Georgia Standards of Excellence SCIENCE - Zoology The Science Georgia Standards of Excellence are designed to provide foundational knowledge and skills for all students to develop proficiency in science. The Project 2061’s Benchmarks for Science Literacy and the follow up work, A Framework for K-12 Science Education were used as the core of the standards to determine appropriate content and process skills for students. The Science Georgia Standards of Excellence focus on a limited number of core disciplinary ideas and crosscutting concepts which build from Kindergarten to high school. The standards are written with the core knowledge to be mastered integrated with the science and engineering practices needed to engage in scientific inquiry and engineering design. Crosscutting concepts are used to make connections across different science disciplines. The Science Georgia Standards of Excellence drive instruction. Hands-on, student-centered, and inquiry-based approaches should be the emphasis of instruction. The standards are a required minimum set of expectations that show proficiency in science. However, instruction can extend beyond these minimum expectations to meet student needs. Science consists of a way of thinking and investigating, as well a growing body of knowledge about the natural world. To become literate in science, students need to possess sufficient understanding of fundamental science content knowledge, the ability to engage in the science and engineering practices, and to use scientific and technological information correctly. Technology should be infused into the curriculum and the safety of the student should always be foremost in instruction. In this course, students will recognize key features of the major body plans that have evolved in animals and how those body plans have changed over time resulting in the diversity of animals that are evident today. -
Connectivity and Complex Systems: Learning from a Multi-Disciplinary Perspective
This is a repository copy of Connectivity and complex systems: learning from a multi-disciplinary perspective. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/141950/ Version: Published Version Article: Turnbull, L., Hütt, M-T., Ioannides, A.A. et al. (8 more authors) (2018) Connectivity and complex systems: learning from a multi-disciplinary perspective. Applied Network Science, 3 (11). ISSN 2364-8228 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-018-0067-2 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Turnbull et al. Applied Network Science (2018) 3:11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-018-0067-2 Applied Network Science REVIEW Open Access Connectivity and complex systems: learning from a multi-disciplinary perspective Laura Turnbull1* , Marc-Thorsten Hütt2, Andreas A. Ioannides3, Stuart Kininmonth4,5, Ronald Poeppl6, Klement Tockner7,8,9, Louise J. Bracken1, Saskia Keesstra10, Lichan Liu3, Rens Masselink10 and Anthony J. Parsons11 * Correspondence: Laura.Turnbull@ durham.ac.uk Abstract 1Durham University, Durham, UK Full list of author information is In recent years, parallel developments in disparate disciplines have focused on what available at the end of the article has come to be termed connectivity; a concept used in understanding and describing complex systems. -
Biophysics 1
Biophysics 1 on interactions between proteins involved in Notch signaling using BIOPHYSICS modern biophysical methods. Thermodynamics of association and allosteric effects are determined by spectroscopic, ultracentrifugation, http://biophysics.jhu.edu/ and calorimetric methods. Atomic structure information is being obtained by NMR spectroscopy. The ultimate goal is to determine the The Department of Biophysics offers programs leading to the B.A., M.A., thermodynamic partition function for a signal transduction system and and Ph.D. degrees. Biophysics is appropriate for students who wish interpret it in terms of atomic structure. to develop and integrate their interests in the physical and biological sciences. NMR Spectroscopy (Dr. Lecomte) Research interests in the Department cover experimental and Many proteins require stable association with an organic compound computational, molecular and cellular structure, function, and biology, for proper functioning. One example of such “cofactor” is the heme membrane biology, and biomolecular energetics. The teaching and group, a versatile iron-containing molecule capable of catalyzing a research activities of the faculty bring its students in contact with broad range of chemical reactions. The reactivity of the heme group biophysical scientists throughout the university. Regardless of their choice is precisely controlled by interactions with contacting amino acids. of research area, students are exposed to a wide range of problems of Structural fluctuations within the protein are also essential to the fine- biological interest. For more information, and for the most up-to-date list tuning of the chemistry. We are studying how the primary structure of of course offerings and requirements, consult the department web page at cytochromes and hemoglobins codes for heme binding and the motions biophysics.jhu.edu (http://biophysics.jhu.edu/). -
Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics General Information for Incoming Students
Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics General Information for Incoming Students Student mailboxes are located on the left as you enter the Mail Room (257 Anatomy-Chemistry Building) of the Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Use the following address to have mail sent to you at this location: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 257 Anatomy-Chemistry Bldg., Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104- 6059. The Student Room is located in 250 Anatomy-Chemistry Building. Keys to this room have been placed in your mailbox. The room has two computers (1 MAC, 1 PC) and a printer. Please make sure the door is locked and securely closed when you leave the room. Lockers: Please contact Kelli McKenna if you would like a locker. They are located in the hallway outside of Rm 234 Anatomy- Chemistry. Advising: You will be meeting individually with the Advising Committee to select your fall courses and for guidance on your rotations. Course registration forms should be returned to Kelli McKenna as soon as possible after your meeting. Any changes in your fall schedule should be made within two weeks of the start of the semester and need to be approved by one of the members of the Advising Committee. Lab Rotation Approval forms are to be completed by Friday, September 13, 2021. You can find the forms for course registration and lab rotation on the BMB webpage: www.med.upenn.edu/bmbgrad under the resources page. Seminars which you are expected to attend: · Raiziss Rounds: Thursdays at noon (Austrian Auditorium, Clinical Research Building). -
BS in Biophysics (285720) MAP Sheet Life Sciences, Cell Biology and Physiology for Students Entering the Degree Program During the 2021-2022 Curricular Year
BS in Biophysics (285720) MAP Sheet Life Sciences, Cell Biology and Physiology For students entering the degree program during the 2021-2022 curricular year. University Core and Graduation Requirements Suggested Sequence of Courses University Core Requirements: FRESHMAN YEAR JUNIOR YEAR Requirements #Classes Hours Classes 1st Semester 5th Semester First-Year Writing or American Heritage 3.0 CELL 360 3.0 Religion Cornerstones CELL 120 (Biological Science) 3.0 CHEM 481 3.0 Teachings and Doctrine of The Book of 1 2.0 REL A 275 CHEM 105 4.0 PHSCS 220 3.0 Mormon MATH 112 (Languages of Learning & Quantitative Reasoning) 4.0 PHSCS 225 2.0 Religion Cornerstone Course 2.0 Religion Elective 2.0 Jesus Christ and the Everlasting Gospel 1 2.0 REL A 250 Total Hours 16.0 Mentored Lab Experience (CELL 495R) 1-2.0 Foundations of the Restoration 1 2.0 REL C 225 2nd Semester Total Hours 14-15.0 The Eternal Family 1 2.0 REL C 200 First-Year Writing or American Heritage 3.0 6th Semester The Individual and Society BIO 250 2.0 CELL 362 3.0 American Heritage 1-2 3-6.0 from approved list CHEM 106 3.0 CELL 363 1.0 CHEM 107 1.0 CHEM 468 3.0 Global and Cultural Awareness 1 3.0 from approved list MATH 113 4.0 Advanced Writing (WRTG 316 recommended) 3.0 Skills Religion Cornerstone Course 2.0 Global & Cultural Awareness Elective 3.0 First Year Writing 1 3.0 from approved list Total Hours 15.0 Religion Elective 2.0 Total Hours 15.0 Advanced Written and Oral Communications 1 3.0 WRTG 316 SOPHOMORE YEAR recommended 3rd Semester SENIOR YEAR MMBIO 240 3.0 7th Semester Quantitative -
Description of an Eyeless Species of the Ground Beetle Genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)
Zootaxa 4083 (3): 431–443 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.3.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C999EBFD-4EAF-44E1-B7E9-95C9C63E556B Blind life in the Baltic amber forests: description of an eyeless species of the ground beetle genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) JOACHIM SCHMIDT1, 2, HANNES HOFFMANN3 & PETER MICHALIK3 1University of Rostock, Institute of Biosciences, General and Systematic Zoology, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany 2Lindenstraße 3a, 18211 Admannshagen, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3Zoological Institute and Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Loitzer Str. 26, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The first eyeless beetle known from Baltic amber, Trechus eoanophthalmus sp. n., is described and imaged using light microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Based on external characters, the new species is most similar to spe- cies of the Palaearctic Trechus sensu stricto clade and seems to be closely related to the Baltic amber fossil T. balticus Schmidt & Faille, 2015. Due to the poor conservation of the internal parts of the body, no information on the genital char- acters can be provided. Therefore, the systematic position of this fossil within the megadiverse genus Trechus remains dubious. The occurrence of the blind and flightless T. eoanophthalmus sp. n. in the Baltic amber forests supports a previ- ous hypothesis that these forests were located in an area partly characterised by mountainous habitats with temperate cli- matic conditions. -
An Introductory Treatise on Biophysics - M.I.El Gohary
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS – Vol. III - An Introductory Treatise On Biophysics - M.I.El Gohary AN INTRODUCTORY TREATISE ON BIOPHYSICS M.I.El Gohary Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Keywords: Biophysics, interdisciplinary, responsiveness, spermatozoon, budding, irritability, adaptation, mitosis, Auxin, regulator, protozoa, macromolecules, monomers, covalent bonds, aggregate, free energy, hydrocarbons, DNA and RNA, unfold, ribonuclease, catalyst, enzyme-substrate, thiamine, ribosomes, solar energy, adenosine triphosphate, transferase, phosphorylation, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, photophase, dark reaction, anaerobic, aerobic, respiratory pathway, diffusion, random motion, frictional force, macromolecules, random walk, average squared displacement, probability, Fick’s diffusion constant, Fick’s law, inhomogeneous equation, osmosis, semipermeable, osmotic pressure, hypertonic, isotonic, turgor pressure, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, lipid, trilaminar, Myelin, phospholipid, Mosaic, transport, simple diffusion, solute, solubility, electric charge, selective permeability, ion channels, electrochemical gradient, compartment, plasma, sodium pump, permeability, field theory, net flux, selectivity, reversal potential, diffraction, crystallography, Bragg equation, markers, structural organization, detector, magnetic moment, resonance, magnetic dipole, gyromagnetic ratio, the chemical shift, resolution, patch-clamp, food chain, producers, consumers, decomposers, heterotrophic, heterotrophs, biosphere, -
Classification of Botany and Use of Plants
SECTION 1: CLASSIFICATION OF BOTANY AND USE OF PLANTS 1. Introduction Botany refers to the scientific study of the plant kingdom. As a branch of biology, it mainly accounts for the science of plants or ‘phytobiology’. The main objective of the this section is for participants, having completed their training, to be able to: 1. Identify and classify various types of herbs 2. Choose the appropriate categories and types of herbs for breeding and planting 1 2. Botany 2.1 Branches – Objectives – Usability Botany covers a wide range of scientific sub-disciplines that study the growth, reproduction, metabolism, morphogenesis, diseases, and evolution of plants. Subsequently, many subordinate fields are to appear, such as: Systematic Botany: its main purpose the classification of plants Plant morphology or phytomorphology, which can be further divided into the distinctive branches of Plant cytology, Plant histology, and Plant and Crop organography Botanical physiology, which examines the functions of the various organs of plants A more modern but equally significant field is Phytogeography, which associates with many complex objects of research and study. Similarly, other branches of applied botany have made their appearance, some of which are Phytopathology, Phytopharmacognosy, Forest Botany, and Agronomy Botany, among others. 2 Like all other life forms in biology, plant life can be studied at different levels, from the molecular, to the genetic and biochemical, through to the study of cellular organelles, cells, tissues, organs, individual plants, populations and communities of plants. At each of these levels a botanist can deal with the classification (taxonomy), structure (anatomy), or function (physiology) of plant life. -
Chemical and Systems Biology, See the “Chemical Systems Courtesy Professors: Stuart Kim, Beverly S
undergraduates. The limited size of the labs in the department allows for close tutorial contact between students, postdoctoral fellows, and faculty. CHEMICAL AND SYSTEMS The department participates in the four quarter Health and Human Disease and Practice of Medicine sequence which provides medical students with a comprehensive, systems-based education in BIOLOGY physiology, pathology, microbiology, and pharmacology. Emeriti: (Professors) Robert H. Dreisbach, Avram Goldstein, Dora B. Goldstein, Tag E. Mansour, Oleg Jardetzky, James P. Whitlock CHEMICAL AND SYSTEMS Chair: James E. Ferrell, Jr. Professors: James E. Ferrell, Jr., Tobias Meyer, Daria Mochly- Rosen, Richard A. Roth BIOLOGY (CSB) COURSES Associate Professor: Karlene A. Cimprich Assistant Professors: James K. Chen, Thomas J. Wandless, Joanna For information on graduate programs in the Department of K. Wysocka Chemical and Systems Biology, see the “Chemical Systems Courtesy Professors: Stuart Kim, Beverly S. Mitchell, Paul A. Biology” section of this bulletin. Course and laboratory instruction Wender in the Department of Chemical and Systems Biology conforms to the Courtesy Associate Professor: Calvin J. Kuo “Policy on the Use of Vertebrate Animals in Teaching Activities,” Courtesy Assistant Professors: Matthew Bogyo, Marcus Covert the text of which is available at Consulting Professor: Juan Jaen http://www.stanford.edu/dept/DoR/rph/8-2.html. Web Site: http://casb.stanford.edu Courses offered by the Department of Chemical and Systems UNDERGRADUATE COURSES IN CHEMICAL Biology have the subject code CSB, and are listed in the “Chemical AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY and Systems Biology (CSB) Courses” section of this bulletin. CSB 199. Undergraduate Research In Autumn of 2006, the Department of Molecular Pharmacology Students undertake investigations sponsored by individual faculty changed its name to become the Department of Chemical and members.