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COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE ACTION TRANSMITTAL Release Tracking Number FORM & PHASE I COMPLETION STATEMENT -12 Pursuant to 310 CMR 40.0484 (Subpart D) and 40.0800 (Subpart H) H. PERSON UNDERTAKING RESPONSE ACTION(S): Name of Organization: Somerset Operations, Inc. Nameof Contact: :Leonard Ariagno Title: Plant Manager
Street: 1606 Riverside Avenue City/Town: Somerset State: MA ZIP Code: 02726 Telephone: 508-235-2004 Ext.: FAX: (optional)
Check here if there has been a change in the person undertaking the Respose Action. 1. RELATIONSHIP To SITE OF PERSON UNDERTAKING RESPONSE AdTION(S): (check one) RP or PRP Specify: () Owner 0 Operator Q Generator Q Transportir Other RP or PRP: Fiduciary, Secured Lender or Municipality with Exempt Status (as defined by M.G.L. c. 21 E,s. 2) E Agency or Public Utility on a Right of Way (as defined by M.G.L. c. 21E, s. 50)) E Any Other Person Undertaking Response Action Specify Relationship: J. CERTIFICATION OF PERSON UNDERTAKING RESPONSE ACTION(S): Leonard Ariagno , attest under the pains and penalties of perjury (i)that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information contained inthis submittal, including any and all documents accompanying this transmittal form, (ii)that, based on my Inquiry for obtaining the Information, the material information contained In this submittal is, to the best of my of those individuals Immediately responsible for knowledge and belief, true, accurate and complete, and (iii) that I am fully authorized to make this attestation on behalf of the entity legally responsible this submittal. Vithe person or entity on whose behalf this submittal Is made am/is aware that there are significant penalties, Including, but not limited to, possible fines and imprisonment, for willfully subm g alse, Inaccurate, or Incomplete information.
Plant Manager By- Title:
For Somerset Operations, Inc. Date: Z7 , (print name of person or entity recorded in Section H)
Enter address of the person providing certification, if different from address recorded inSection H: Street: ZIP Code: CityfTown: State:
Telephone: Ext.: FAX: (optional) AS YOU MUST COMPLETE ALL RELEVANT SECTIONS OF THIS FORM OR DEP MAY RETURN THE DOCUMENT INCOMPLETE. IF YOU SUBMIT AN INCOMPLETE FORM, YOU MAY BE PENALIZED FOR MISSING A REQUIRED DEADLINE.
and 013 Page 3 of 3 Revised 3/30/95 Supersedes Forms BWSC-010 (in part) Do Not After This Form IT Corporadon . 100 River Ridge Drive Norwood, A1.402062-5045 Tel. 781.769.7600 Fax. 781.769.7992 the A Member of The IT Group
SoUjiHEAST REGO
MASSACHUSETTS CONTINGENCY PLAN PHASE Il - COMPREHENSIVE SITE ASSESSMENT REPORT
LEDGE ROAD PROPERTY SWANSEA, MASSACHUSETTS MADEP RELEASE TRACKING NUMBER 4-14230
September 28, 2001
Prepared for: Somerset Power, LLC 1606 Riverside Avenue Somerset, Massachusetts 02726
Prepared By: Reviewed By: IT Corporation IT Corporation AN' Lynn M. Maybury David E. Egan, LSP Geologist Senior Geologist Regulatory Specialist
>~aA2 C5 Patrick Haskell David Mannion Hydrogeologist Senior Project Manager
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Page i Site Assessment Report MCP Phase I Comprehensive September 28, 2001 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 CONTENTS ...... 1 1.0 INTRO DUCTIO N...... Statem ent of Purpose ...... 1 1.1 1 1.2 Site Background ...... 2 2.0 G ENERAL SITE INFO RMATION ...... Disposal Site Name, Location, and Locus Map [310 CMR 40.0485(4)(a)]...... 2 2.1 3 Detailed Disposal Site Map [310 CM R 40.0485(4)(b)]...... 2.2 3 2.2.1 Site Description ...... 2.2.2 Utilities...... 4 Adjacent Properties ...... 4 2.2.3 4 2.3 Natural Resource Areas ...... 5 SITE HISTO RY [310 CM R 40.0485(4)(c)] ...... 3.0 DISPO SAL 5 Ownership History ...... 3.1 Site 6 History ...... 3.2 Release 6 3.3 Environm ental Database and Regulatory File Reviews...... CHARACTERISTICS [310 CMR 40.0485(4)(d)] ...... 7 4.0 SITE HYDROGEOLOGICAL 7 Description of Site Hydrogeologic Characteristics ...... 4.1 7 Regional Geology ...... - ...... 4.1.1 .7 4.1.2 Regional Hydrogeology ...... Topography, Surface Drainage, and Vegetation...... 8 4.1.3 8 Flooding Potential and Meteorology...... 4.1.4 9 Subsurface Investigation Methods ...... 4.2 9 4.2.1 Health and Safety...... 9 4.2.2 Subsurface Investigations ...... May 1998...... 9 4.2.2.1 10 4.2.2.2 July 1998...... 11 4.2.2.3 Septem ber 2000 through Decem ber 2000 ...... 13 4.2.2.4 March 2001...... 14 4.2.2.5 May 2001...... and Stratigraphic Conditions ...... 15 4.3 Geological 15 4.4 Ash Sample Results ...... [310 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT OF OIL AND/OR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CM R 40.0835(4)(e)]...... 15 6.0 NATURE AND EXTENT OF CONTAMINATION [310 CMR 40.0485(4)(f)]...... 17 Source of O il or Hazardous Material...... 17 6.1 Potential 18 6.2 Distribution and Extent of Com pounds...... 19 CHARACTERIZATION [310 CMR 40.0835(4)(g)&(h)]...... 7.0 LIMITED RISK 20 Identification...... 7.1 Hazard 20 Identified Sources of O HM ...... 7.1.1 20 icals of Potential Concern ...... 7.1.2 Chem 20 Background Evaluation ...... 7.1.3 21 7.2 Exposure Assessm ent...... Potential Receptors ...... 22 7.2.1 22 Soil and G roundwater Classification ...... 7.2.2 22 7.2.2.1 Soil Categories Applicable at the Site ...... Categories Applicable at the Site ...... 23 7.2.4 Groundwater 24 of Com plete Exposure Pathways ...... 7.3 Identification 24 7.4 Risk Characterization ...... 7.4.1 Soil...... 24 25 7.4.2 Sedim ent ......
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Page ii MCP Phase 11Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 7.4.3 R isk of Harm to Safety ...... 25 7.4.4 Risk Characterization Conclusions...... 26 8.0 CO NCLUSIONS [310 CM R 40.0835(4)(i)]...... 26 9.0 LIM ITATIO NS ON W ORK PRODUCT ...... 27 10 .0 RE F E R E N C ES ...... 28
TABLES
1. Soil Analytical Results - Perimeter Area 2. Site Groundwater Analytical Results 3. Soil Analytical Results - North Area 4. Soil Analytical Results - South Area 5. Summary of Physical and Chemical Properties of Chemicals of Potential Concern 6. Groundwater GW-1 Criteria Applicability 7. Summary of Analytical Data for Coal Ash Samples 8. Summary of Statistical Data for Coal Ash Samples 9a. Comparison of Soil Analytical Results from North Area to Background Coal Ash PAH Concentrations and MCP Method 1 Standards 9b. Comparison of Soil Analytical Results from Perimeter Area to Background Coal Ash PAH Concentrations and MCP Method 1 Standards 9c. Comparison of Soil Analytical Results from South Area to Background Coal Ash PAH Concentrations and MCP Method 1 Standards 9d Comparison of Sediment Analytical Results from South Area to Background Coal Ash PAH Concentrations 10 Comparison of South Area Sediment Analytical Results to Ecological Screening Level Benchmarks
FIGURES
1. Site Location Map 2. Site Map 3. North Area Detail Map 4. South Area Detail Map 5. Perimeter Area Detail Map 6. MAGIS Site Scoring Map 7. Historic Building and Shore Line
APPENDICES
A. Soil and Sediment Laboratory Reports - March and May 2001 B. Test Pit and Test Pit Well Logs C. Coal Ash Samples Laboratory Reports - September and October 2000
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Page 1 Phase 1lComprehensive Site Assessment Report MCP September 28, 2001 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of Purpose
this Massachusetts Somerset Operations, Inc. (Somerset Power) contracted IT Corporation (IT) to produce report for Contingency Plan (MCP; 310 CMR 40.0000) Phase 11- Comprehensive Site Assessment (CSA) their Ledge Road property, located at the end of Ledge Road (Assessors Map 64, Lot 14) in Swansea, in 310 CMR Massachusetts. This report has been prepared to meet the MCP requirements as presented 40.0830. As stated in the MCP, the purpose of the Phase 11- CSA is threefold: (1) to define the source, the nature, extent, and potential impacts of oil and/or hazardous materials (OHM) releases; (2) to evaluate risk of harm posed by the site to health, safety, public welfare and the environment; and (3) to determine organized in whether there is a need to conduct remedial actions at the site. This Phase Il - CSA has been accordance with the requirements for a Phase II report as described in 310 CMR 40.0835(4)(a through i).
As presented in this report, the compounds of concern detected at the site are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds and asbestos that have come to be located on the Ledge Road property and be area, in part, attributed to debris and refuse material backfilled and dumped on the property. It should material is not from noted, that based upon available information, the source of this backfilled and dumped provided in Somerset Power operations. For the purpose of this report and in accordance with the definition attributed to the MCP, the "subject site" refers to anywhere PAH impacts above background are potentially The materials located on the Ledge Road property (Assessors Map 64, Lot 14) in Swansea, Massachusetts. 11CSA Ledge Road Property has historically been tied to adjacent industrial property, however, this Phase to addresses only materials that were dumped on the Ledge Road property and any releases attributed these materials.
1.2 Site Background
Brook and a The subject site consists of three discrete areas located on a strip of property bordering Lewin dammed pond of Lewin Brook (referred to as Swan Pond), located just off Ledge Road in Swansea, by Massachusetts. The landward side of the site is bordered by an industrial property currently occupied by Swan Finishing. PAHs were first identified at the subject site during assessment activities conducted Power. Montaup Electric Company (Montaup) as part of their sale of the Ledge Road property to Somerset and PAH compounds detected in soil during the assessment activities exceeded reportable concentrations issued three Montaup reported a potential release to the MADEP on October 2, 1998. MADEP subsequently and RTNs on November 17, 1998: RTN 4-14230 (perimeter of the property), RTN 4-14231 (south area), RTN 4-14232 (north area). In 1999, the RTNs were combined under RTN 4-14230 and the site was classified as a Tier Il Disposal Site.
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Page 2 MCP Phase II Comprehensive Site Assessment Report 28, 2001 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September Site data and information used to prepare this Phase Il CSA have been collected during several site investigations and response actions conducted from 1997 to 2001. The following is a list of investigation reports, previously submitted to MADEP, upon which this Phase 11CSA report was prepared:
* Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) (IT Corporation, 1998a), * Phase Il - ASTM Environmental Site Assessment Report (IT Corporation, 1998b), a PAH Assessment Report (IT Corporation, 1998c), * Release Abatement Measure (RAM) Plan (IT Corporation, 2000), a 120-Day Release Abatement Measure (RAM) Status Report (IT Corporation, 2001a), and * Release Abatement Measure (RAM) Completion Report (IT Corporation, 2001b).
On October 1, 1999, within the one-year deadline required under the MCP, a Tier Classification Submittal and Phase I Completion Statement were submitted to the MADEP. This submittal included the Phase I ESA, Phase II ESA and the PAH Assessment report, which were considered to meet the requirements of the Phase I investigation under the MCP. This submittal also included a Phase 11Scope of Work. On September 5, 2000, Somerset Power, LLC submitted a RAM Plan to MADEP, followed by the 120-day RAM Status report and RAM Completion Report. Based on the information obtained during these site investigations, the presence of PAH compounds in shallow soil and sediment and asbestos in shallow soil at the site is attributed, at least in part, to debris and refuse material that were backfilled and dumped on the property. Coal ash containing PAHs has also been identified in the site backfill. PAH impacts above the site specific coal ash background can potentially be attributed to the types of debris encountered at the site, specifically asphalt, tar, roofing material, burned wood and machinery.
2.0 GENERAL SITE INFORMATION
Data and information concerning the subject site were compiled by IT personnel during site investigations and are described in the following sections.
2.1 Disposal Site Name, Location, and Locus Map [310 CMR 40.0485(4)(a)]
The site is situated at approximately latitude 41* 44' 48" N and longitude 710 1133" W; UTM Coordinates 4,623,777mN, 317,688mE, as shown on Figure 1, the Site Location Map created from the Fall River USGS Topographic Quadrangle (1985). The subject site consists of three discrete areas located on an approximately 25.28 acre property owned by Somerset Power and referred to as the Ledge Road property. These areas are located on Lot 14 of the Town of Swansea's Assessor's Map # 64, and are designated as the north, south, and perimeter areas (Figure 2).
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MCP Phase 11Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 3 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 2.2 Detailed Disposal Site Map [310 CMR 40.0485(4)(b)]
The site map (Figure 2) shows geographic features, property boundaries, nearby structures, and adjacent properties. Detailed maps of the three site areas (north, south and perimeter) are included as Figures 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Sample locations discussed in the following sections are depicted on each of these detailed maps.
2.2.1 Site Description The following is a physical description of Lot 14 as noted during site investigations conducted by IT Corporation.
Lot 14 consists of a thin strip of land along the northern, western and southern property boundary of the Swan Finishing facility and lies along the east bank of Lewin Brook. An abandoned pump house structure is located at the northern extent of Lot 14. To the west, a dam exists at the southern extent of the Lewin Brook pond (Figure 2). The pump house is has not been in use for many years and is currently empty. Lewin Brook flows from the north to the southwest adjacent to Lot 14 and represents the boundary between Lots 13 and 14. The confluence of Lewin Brook and Lees River is located at the southeastern property boundary of Lot 14. Somerset Power's property ranges in width from 50 feet at the terminus of Ledge Road to approximately 75 feet at the southeasterly terminus of the lot where Lewin Brook discharges into the Lees River. In 2001, a fence was installed from the end of Ledge Road across the front of the pump house, to the west along the pond dam, then roughly south along Lewin Brook and east along the property line (see Figure 2). This fence was installed by Somerset Power in an effort to prevent future dumping of waste material on the site property.
The north area consists of an approximately 70 by 50 foot area just to the northeast of the pump house and adjacent to the pond (Figure 3). The portion of this area adjacent to Ledge Road is paved and is used by employees of Swan Finishing for parking. The portion of this area to the west of the fence is unpaved and vegetated.
The south area of the site is located between the rear paved area of Swan Finishing's facility and Lewin Brook (Figure 4). The paved portion of this area is used by tractor-trailer trucks accessing the loading docks in the rear of the facility. The majority of this area is unused and vegetated.
The perimeter area of the site lies between the Swan Finishing property and Lewin Brook and is partially paved (Figure 5). The paved portion of this area is used by Swan Finishing employees as a secondary access to the paved area behind the facility building. The area between the paved driveway and the Lewin Brook is unused and vegetated.
Six apparent outfall pipes are located at the south edge of the Swan Finishing property which appear to originate on the Swan Finishing property (Figure 2). Outfalls #1 and #2 were eliminated during the excavation and implementation of the RAM Plan in the Fall of 2000.
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4 MCP Phase 11Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page September 28,2001 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No, 4-14230 2.2.2 Utilities The abandoned pump house located in the north area of the site is supplied electricity by an overhead electric service.
According to Somerset Power, no underground storage tanks (USTs) are currently located on the subject property. In addition, IT Corporation personnel did not observe any evidence of USTs being located on the subject property during the site inspection conducted for the Phase I ESA nor were any USTs indicated by a search of local, state, or federal databases (IT Corporation, 1998a). There were no transformers observed on site during the site inspection.
2.2.3 Adjacent Properties As shown on Figure 2, Lot 14 is bordered by a residential area to the northeast, Lewin Brook and undeveloped property to the west, and the confluence of Lewin Brook and Lees River to the south. Across Lewin Brook to the west is Lot 13, an undeveloped property except for a small unpaved clearing located adjacent to Gardners Neck Road, formerly used for vehicle parking (IT Corporation, 1998b). Lot 1 lies north of the site areas, and consists of wooded areas with a small paved parking lot located along Ledge Road.
As noted previously, the landward side of Lot 14 is bordered by an industrial property occupied by Swan Finishing. The Swan Finishing property has a long history of industrial activity discussed later in this report.
There are no known institutions, as that term is defined in the MCP, within 500 feet of the site. The residential population could not be determined, however the population density of Swansea is approximately 647 persons per square mile as determined by the Massachusetts Department of Commerce and Development. The residential population within one-half mile of the site is therefore most likely significantly fewer than 647 people.
2.3 Natural Resource Areas
The site is located adjacent to a dammed pond (sometimes referred to as Swan Pond) and the lower reaches of Lewin Brook, which flows into the Lees River just south of the site area (Figure 1). The southern portion of Lewin Brook bordering the site as well as Lees River are influenced by diurnal tides. The area immediately adjacent to the south area consists of salt marsh vegetation and mud flats further to the south and east. Lees River discharges to Mount Hope Bay estuary approximately 2.4 miles to the south that ultimately discharges to Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean approximately 14 miles to the south. Another unnamed pond, that drains to Lees River, is located approximately 500 feet northeast of the site (Figure 1).
The Lees River and its tributaries are Class B surface water bodies according to Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards (MADEP, 1996). Class B surface water bodies are designated as habitats for fish, other aquatic life, and wildlife, and for primary and secondary contact recreation. Additionally, these waters shall be suitable as a source of public water supply with appropriate treatment.
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MCP Phase 11Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 5 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 According to the Massachusetts Geographical Information Systems (MAGIS) map (Figure 6) the site is not located within:
* A Zone il area (defined as a geographic area that contributes under the most severe pumping and recharge conditions to a public water supply), * An Interim Wellhead Protection Area (IWPA), * A Potentially Productive Aquifer, * A Zone A (400 feet from the bank of a Class A Surface Water Body), or * A Sole Source Aquifer Area.
According to MAGIS, no Areas of Critical Environmental Concern, habitats of species of special concern, or threatened or endangered species are located within 500 feet of the site. The site lies within a 500-foot radius of a medium yield potentially productive aquifer. No known drinking water supply wells are located within 500 feet of the site. There are two areas of protected open space located within one mile of the site. The nearest protected open space is located approximately 1,500 feet north of the site (Figure 6).
3.0 DISPOSAL SITE HISTORY [310 CMR 40.0485(4)(c)]
3.1 Site Ownership History
Lot 14 and the former Swan Finishing dye works share a long industrial history. The chain of title provides the history of property ownership since 1828 (the two properties were combined until 1958). Available information indicates that textile milling of some type was located on the property beginning around 1828. By 1926 (and perhaps earlier), the property operated as a dye and print works. (Swansea Dye Works changed names to Swansea Print Works in 1926, indicating they were operating the Dye works prior to 1926.) The Swan Finishing building has historically been added on to as shown in Figure 7, Historic Building and Shore Line. A review of historic photographs of the area indicate that the path of Lewin Brook was altered from its original path sometime between 1927 and 1949 to the path it follows today (Figure 7).
During the 1950's, a competitor purchased Swansea Print Works and discontinued dye work operations at the facility. In 1957, Montaup acquired the entire parcel in order to gain access to the water rights in Lewin Brook for process water at their Somerset Station electric generating plant. At that time, Montaup also subdivided Lot 14 from the portion of the property containing the print/dye works operation. Montaup never operated the plant during their short term of ownership (June 1957 through November 1958). Montaup sold the print/dye works to Swan Finishing, who operated the plant until the mid-1970's at which time they transferred their process operations to their Fall River plant, and began using the Ledge Road facility as a storage/shipping warehouse. Swan Finishing's Ledge Road facility is still actively used as a storage/shipping warehouse. On April 27, 1999, Montaup sold Lot 1, Lot 13, and Lot 14 to Somerset Power.
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Page 6 MCP Phase 11Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 3.2 Release History
Historic filling of the tidally influenced south area and debris disposal in the north area has contributed to the presence of PAHs in site soil. As shown on Figure 7, the former path of Lewin Brook and the position of the historic waterline, which extended farther into the adjacent Swan Finishing Property than it does today, indicate that the south area was filled. A review of historic aerial photographs indicated that filling occurred between 1927 and 1958 as well as between 1958 and 1986. The north area consisted of surficial dumping.
The apparent historic dumping and backfilling of debris and refuse consisting of discarded coal ash, machinery, wood, drums, tires, rubbish, construction debris (including asphalt) and roofing material appear to have resulted in the presence of PAH compounds in soil and sediment. Some of the debris was found to contain asbestos. The source of some of the roofing material and burned wood may have been from a building on the Swan Finishing property that was reported to have burned down. However, historical records confirming a fire on the Swan Finishing property could not be located. PAH impacts above the site-specific coal ash background concentrations are directly attributed to the types of debris and backfill found at the site, specifically asphalt, tar, roofing material, burned wood and machinery.
As noted in the site description, several outfalls that appear to originate on the Swan Finishing property exist in the southern portion of the site (see Figure 2). Outfalls #1 and #2 were excavated during activities in the fall of 2000. Elevated PAH concentrations above the site-specific coal ash background are present adjacent to Outfall #3. This suggests that this outfall may have resulted in a release of PAH compounds to the environment. It has not been determined whether these outfalls or other potential sources not on the Ledge Road property have contributed to the observed PAH contamination at the site.
Coal-fired boilers operated at the print and dye works on Swan Finishing's property for many decades. A review of historical records indicates that replacement of boilers and coal silos and a new stack installation occurred in the 1920's, which points to an upgrade of large coal fired boilers at the facility. Since manufacturing operations existed on the property since the 1800's, this may explain the source of both low and high temperature ash found on the subject property. In addition, pipe insulation from these old coal-fired boilers may be the source of some, or all, of the asbestos that has been found on the Ledge Road property.
3.3 Environmental Database and Regulatory File Reviews
As presented in the Phase I ESA report (IT Corporation, 1998a) for the site, a search of pertinent and available state and federal environmental databases was performed in accordance with ASTM standard practices for environmental site assessments. The database search report, dated April 14, 1998, was appended to the Phase I report. The subject site was not identified in any of the databases searched. No state hazardous waste sites or leaking underground storage tank sites were identified within a one-half mile radius of the subject site. Based on the database searches, no sites were identified that may pose a significant concern regarding environmental liability at the subject property.
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MCP Phase || Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 7 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 Interviews were also conducted with personnel of the Town of Swansea Health and Fire Departments as part of the Phase I investigation (IT Corporation, 1998a). No environmental issues regarding the subject property were noted by the town personnel.
4.0 SITE HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS [310 CMR 40.0485(4)(d)]
This section describes the regional and site specific geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics. Site investigations conducted are discussed and analytical results are presented.
4.1 Description of Site Hydrogeologic Characteristics
The regional geology and hydrogeology are discussed below.
4.1.1 Regional Geology The site is located in the Narragansett Basin, a major geologic basin of southeastern Massachusetts. Bedrock underlying the Narragansett basin to the west of the Taunton River is dominated by sedimentary rocks of the Paleozoic and Precambrian. The bedrock includes coarse to fine sandstone, graywacke, shale and conglomerate of the Rhode Island Formation (Willey and others, 1978). Bedrock outcrops, which may be representative of the Dighton Conglomerate, are located just west (across Lewin Brook) of the site area.
Surficial geology is dominated by coarse to fine gravel and coarse to medium sand of glacial outwash plains that slope slightly to the south. Local areas of pitted kames (glacially formed hills of stratified drift) are also common. These glacially rounded hills are up to 450 feet above mean sea level and are separated by north- south trending stream valleys (Willey and others, 1978). Small coastal streams drain the area to Mount Hope Bay. In the area of the site, the unconsolidated material is estimated to be up to 30 to 35 feet thick
Immediately west of the site across Lewin Brook, is a north-south oriented deposit of unsorted silty, bouldery gravel (till) (Willey and others, 1978). A much more extensive north-south oriented deposit of till makes up what is know as Gardners Neck, located south of the site area.
4.1.2 Regional Hydrogeology The site is located in the Narragansett Bay Drainage Basin, a topographical lowland with small coastal streams that drain the area to Mount Hope Bay, a tidally influenced estuary. The Narragansett River Basin contains approximately 1,253 miles of rivers and drains approximately 1,360 square miles in southeast Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
Regional groundwater flow is towards the bay to the south and ultimately discharges to Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean. In areas such as the site area that are dominated by gravel and sand consolidated
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Page 8 MCP Phase Il Comprehensive Site Assessment Report September 28, 2001 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 outwash deposits, the depth to groundwater is generally 25 feet below grade but within 10 feet below grade near ponds (Willey and others, 1978). Surface runoff in these areas is low where the infiltration capacity of these deposits is high. Estimated hydraulic conductivities for these unconsolidated deposits may range from 100 feet/day (in sand) to 475 feet/day (in gravel) (Willey and others, 1978).
As discussed in Section 2.3, the aquifer beneath the site has no special designation.
There are three dams located along the path of Lewin Brook and located upstream of the site. None of these dams is currently controlled; water simply spills over the top of these structures. However, it has been noted by others that it is not uncommon for the water level in the ponds to fall below the top of the dams in the summer months, causing the brook beneath the dams to dry out.
4.1.3 Topography, Surface Drainage, and Vegetation The site lies approximately 10 feet above mean sea level. Surface drainage is towards Lewin Brook (in the Perimeter and South areas) and towards the dammed pond (in the North area). There are no retention basins on the site.
The site is characterized by wetland plant species in the bordering wetlands surrounding Lewin Brook and the dammed pond. In addition there are mature deciduous trees and areas of undergrowth in the vicinity of the site.
4.1.4 Flooding Potential and Meteorology The south area of the site is within the boundary of the 100-year flood zone as defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and as presented in the EDR report contained in the Phase I report (IT Corporation, 1998a). Since the site is located in a coastal zone that is tidally influenced, flooding may occur during major storm events due to tidal surges.
Precipitation is an important meteorological parameter for the site. On-line precipitation data obtained from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC, 2001) indicate that the Providence, Rhode Island area (located approximately 8 miles west of the site), averaged 45.53 inches of precipitation between 1961 and 1990. The Summer months of June and July typically have the least amount of precipitation (average 3.33 and 3.18 inches per month) while precipitation in the Spring and Fall are typically highest (averaging 4.11 inches in April and 4.43 inches in November, respectively). During high precipitation events, overland flow from the paved surfaces (of the Swan Finishing property) would occur across the site areas and towards the abutting brook and pond. Infiltration and groundwater recharge in the unpaved portions of the site areas would also occur.
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Page 9 MCP Phase i Comprehensive Site Assessment Report September 28, 2001 Ledge Road Property, Swansea. MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230
4.2 Subsurface Investigation Methods
of Several subsurface investigations have been conducted at the site to date. The methods and results these investigations are described below.
4.2.1 Health and Safety and to IT Corporation developed a Health and Safety Plan (HASP) to provide a safe working environment 1910.120. The comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Regulation 29 CFR plans for site HASP addresses specific environmental work-site hazards and presents contingency signed the plan and personnel. IT Corporation and subcontractor personnel working at the site reviewed and office. followed its guidelines. A copy of the HASP is on file at IT Corporation's Norwood, Massachusetts
4.2.2 Subsurface Investigations early 2001 are Brief summaries of site investigations and response actions conducted from 1998 through for S-2 presented in this section. For the purposes of data discussion, MCP reportable concentrations sections to classified soil (RCS-2) and GW-2 classified groundwater (RCGW-2) are used in the following are summarized in provide benchmarks for comparison. Analytical results for soil and groundwater samples been conducted Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. In the north and south site areas where soil excavation activities have are as part of response actions, only post-excavation samples (with the exception of ash sample locations) depicted on the detail site maps and included in the data summary tables.
4.2.2.1 May 1998 In May 1998 as part of the Phase 11ESA investigation, shallow soil samples were collected using a hand pond auger (HA) device at eight locations between the adjacent Swan Finishing property and the dammed (HA-2, and Lewin Brook. One of the locations (HA-1) was located in the north area of the site, four locations HA-3, HA-4 and HA-5) were located in the perimeter area, and three locations (HA-6, OUTFALL #1, and OUTFALL #2) were located in the south area. Soil samples were submitted to Accutest Laboratories (VOCs) (Accutest) of Marlborough, Massachusetts, for the following analyses: volatile organic compounds by EPA Method 8260; semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) by EPA Method 8270; polychlorinated 8015, and biphenyls (PCBs) by EPA Method 8082; total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) by EPA Method report (IT, priority pollutant metals by EPA Methods 600/6000/7000. As reported in the Phase 11ESA 1998b), only SVOCs (specifically PAH compounds) were detected in soil at concentrations exceeding applicable MCP RCS-2 standards. These PAH compounds, which included benzo(a)anthracene (BAA), detected above benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BBF), and indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene, were summarized in RCS-2 concentrations at locations HA #1 (north area), HA #4 and HA #5 (perimeter area, pipes Table 1), and HA #6 (south area, summarized in Table 4). Soil located adjacent to the outfall exceeding RCS-2 emanating from the Swan Finishing property also exhibited concentrations of PAHs 2). standards (exceedences occurred at OUTFALL#1 and OUTFALL#2 locations, Table 4) (Figure
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MCP Phase |1Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 10 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 There were no concentrations of VOCs, TPH, PCBs or metals that exceeded RCS-2 standards.
Groundwater samples were also collected from select hand auger borings. At each location, the soil boring was completed to a depth below the observed water level to allow enough area to collect a groundwater sample. Samples were submitted to Accutest for the following analyses: VOCs by EPA Method 8260, TPH- diesel range organics (DRO) by EPA Method 8100, SVOCs by EPA Method 8270, and priority pollutant metals (filtered) by EPA Methods 200/6000/7000. The groundwater analytical results are summarized in Table 2. As shown on Table 2, no VOCs, TPH-DRO, or SVOCs were detected in the groundwater samples. Concentrations of metals (antimony, arsenic, copper, lead and zinc) detected in the groundwater samples did not exceed MCP RCGW-2 standards.
The Phase II ESA report (IT Corporation, 1998b) was submitted to MADEP in 1999 as part of the Tier Classification package. Based on the results of the May 1998 soil and groundwater sampling, it was determined that further site investigations were necessary to evaluate the PAH impacts to shallow soil at the site.
4.2.2.2 July 1998 In 1998, Montaup contracted IT Corporation to further delineate and evaluate PAH compounds detected in the three areas that comprise the Ledge Road site. As part of the investigation, a hand auger device was used to collect 21 shallow soil samples (approximately six inches below grade) (HA-1 01 through HA-121) for PAH analysis by EPA method 8270. Samples were collected in the vicinity of the Phase II ESA sample locations which revealed elevated PAH concentrations. Four of the samples (HA-1 12, HA-1 13, HA-1 14, and HA-121) were collected near former outfalls and were located in the intertidal zone. These samples were collected below the mean high water mark and, as defined by the MCP, are therefore considered sediment samples (Figure 4). Soil analytical results revealed PAH compounds exceeding RCS-2 standards in the three areas as described below:
PAH Compounds Exceeding MCP RCS-2 Standards in July 1998 PAH Compound North Area Perimeter Area South Area Benzo(a)anthracene 6/ Benzon(a)pyrene 6/ Benzo(b)fluoranthene lndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Chrysene Phenanthrene Notes: V = compound detected at concentration greater than RCS-2
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The laboratory reports were included in the PAH Assessment Report (IT Corporation, 1998c) that was submitted to MADEP in 1999 as part of the Tier Classification package. Three of the PAH compounds (BAA, BAP, and BBF) were detected in soil at concentrations exceeding Upper Concentration Limits (UCLs). UCLs are defined in the MCP (310 CMR 40.0996) as "concentrations of oil and/or hazardous material which, if exceeded, indicate the potential for significant risk of harm to public welfare and the environment under future conditions." UCLs were exceeded at two locations in the north area (HA-1 02 and HA-103) and one location in the south area (HA-120). The following concentrations were detected at these three locations, respectively: BAA (231 mg/Kg, 190 mg/Kg, and 124 mg/Kg), BAP (214 mg/Kg, 178 mg/Kg, and 107 mg/Kg), and BBF (222 mg/Kg, 182 mg/Kg, and 97.8 mg/Kg). These locations were subsequently excavated, as described in the following sections of this report.
During the July 1998, investigation activities, it was noted that the north and south areas coincided with trash disposal areas. The trash was found to consist of construction debris, household rubbish, discarded print/dye works machinery, and various empty drums. A more detailed description of the debris (including photographs) is presented in the PAH Assessment report (IT Corporation, 1998c). Neither trash nor debris was observed in the perimeter area where PAH exceedences were observed. PAH compounds detected in the perimeter area are attributed to runoff from adjacent paved areas towards Lewin Brook and to coal ash.
4.2.2.3 September 2000 through December 2000 Somerset Power submitted a Release Abatement Measure (RAM) Plan to MADEP in September 2000 (IT Corporation, 2000), for the completion of asbestos sampling and removal, solid waste removal, excavation of impacted soil in the north and south areas, closure sampling, backfilling and site restoration.
The following provides a summary of the RAM activities completed at the site:
Between September 7 and 11, 2000, approximately 60 cubic yards of solid waste including debris and trash were excavated from the north and south areas, then consolidated, loaded and transported off-site for appropriate disposal. Approximately 40 cubic yards of debris mixed with asbestos containing material was characterized and transported off-site for appropriate disposal on November 29, 2000. Approximately 175 linear feet of asbestos-containing insulation and 84 square feet of asbestos-containing transite board were transported off-site for appropriate disposal on December 26, 2000. Between September 11 and 19, 2000, approximately 1,000 tons of impacted soil mixed with debris (brick, coal ash and rubble) were excavated from the north and south areas of the site. The areal extent of the north and south excavations are shown on Figures 3 and 4, respectively. Each area was excavated to approximately two feet below the original surface grade. The soil and debris were stockpiled on-site and placed on and covered with polysheeting. Following characterization, this soil was removed from the site on November 1, 2 and 3, 2000, under a Massachusetts MCP Bill of Lading for disposal at Aggregate Recycling Corporation (ARC) located in Eliot, Maine. To characterize soil conditions following soil excavation activities, post excavation soil samples were collected from September 12 through 20, 2000, throughout the north (7 samples) and south areas (16 samples). These samples were submitted to Eastern Analytical, Inc. (Eastern), in Concord, New Hampshire, for PAH analysis by EPA Method
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MCP Phase Il Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 12 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 8270. The sample locations and results were presented in the RAM Completion Report (IT Corporation, 2001 b). On September 21, 2000, eight test pits (TP-S3, TPS-4, TP-S5, TP-S6, TP-S9, TP-S1 1, TP-S12, and TP-X) were excavated in the south area of the site. These test pits were completed to evaluate the extent of debris and coal ash that had been encountered in this area during previous investigations. The results of the test pit excavations are discussed in Section 4.3. - On September 27, 2000, a composite sample of suspected coal ash was collected from both the north and south areas and submitted to Severn Trent Laboratories (STL) for coal/coal flyash identification through microscopic examination. Analytical results confirmed that both of these samples were coal ash. On October 17, 2000, an additional composite sample was collected from the north area and submitted to STL for analysis. The coal ash sampling results are discussed further in Section 4.4. - On September 28, 2000, six temporary test pit wells (TPW-1 through TPW-6) were installed in the vicinity of the south excavation area and one temporary well (TPW-7) was installed in the north excavation area (Figure 2). Groundwater samples were collected from wells TPW-1, TPW-2, TPW-3, TPW-4, TPW-6, and TPW-7 on September 29, 2000, and October 4, 2000. Both field filtered and unfiltered groundwater samples were collected from each location and submitted for laboratory analysis of extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (EPH) referencing the MADEP method. Unfiltered groundwater samples were also collected and submitted for laboratory analysis of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPH), referencing the MADEP method. The EPH analysis included target PAH compounds that had been identified in the soil and debris at the site. The groundwater laboratory results are summarized in Table 2 and indicate that only PAHs and EPH carbon range compounds were detected in the groundwater samples (i.e., no VPH compounds were detected). No PAH or EPH compounds were detected at concentrations that exceeded MCP RCGW-2 standards. The analytical laboratory reports were included in the RAM Completion Report (IT Corporation, 2001 b). - On October 17, 2000, samples of suspected coal ash backfill were collected from both the north and the south excavation areas. Six samples (ASH-1 (N) through ASH-6(N)) were collected from the north area and six samples (ASH-7(S) through ASH-12(S)) were collected from the south area (Figures 3 and 4, respectively). These samples were submitted to Eastern for PAH analysis by EPA Method 8270. The PAH analyses results are sunmarized on Table 3 (north area) and Table 4 (south area). - Based upon the results of post-excavation soil samples collected from the north and south areas in September 2000, and the observed extent of debris in each area, IT Corporation recommended that additional soil be excavated from both areas. Based upon this recommendation an additional 1,000 tons of impacted soil and debris were excavated from both the north and the south areas between November 6 and December 4, 2000. The north area excavation was extended one additional foot deeper to a total of three feet below the original grade. The south area excavation was expanded to the west and southwest and extended an additional foot deeper to a total of three feet below the original grade. In both the north and south areas, where data showed elevated levels of PAH compounds, the excavation extended to four to five feet below the original grade. The excavated soil and debris were stockpiled on and covered with polysheeting until it was transported off-site on December 5 and 11, 2000, under a Massachusetts MCP Bill of Lading for disposal at ARC. - To characterize soil conditions following these soil excavation activities, post excavation soil samples were collected in November and December 2000, throughout the north and south areas. Six samples (S-1BNA through S-6BNA, shown on Figure 3) from the north
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MCP Phase II Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 13 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 area and 33 samples (shown in green on Figure 4) from the south area were submitted to Eastern for PAH analysis by EPA Method 8270. In addition to these samples, three sediment samples (S-32SA, S-33SA, S-34SA) were collected on December 1, 2000, from the south area (Figure 4) and submitted for PAH analysis by EPA Method 8270. The analytical laboratory reports were included in the RAM Completion Report (IT Corporation, 2001c). Analytical results for these post-excavation soil samples are summarized in Table 3 (north area) and Table 4 (south area). Soil analytical results revealed PAH compounds exceeding RCS-2 standards in the north and south areas as described below.
PAH Compounds Exceeding MCP RCS-2 Standards in November/December 2000 and Concentration Ranges in mg/Kg Detected in Soil Samples PAH Compound North Area South Area Benzo(a)anthracene <0.04 - 4.9 V <0.04 - 220 Benzon(a)pyrene V <0.04 - 5.6 i <0.04 - 210 Benzo(b)fluoranthene V <0.04 - 5.3 V <0.04 - 260 Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene <0.04 - 2.8 V <0.04 - 150 Benzo(k)fluoranthene <0.04 - 6.0 V <0.04 - 92 Chrysene <0.04 - 5.5 V <0.04 - 200 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene <0.04 - 1.0 V <0.04 - 51 Phenanthrene <0.04 - 2.6 V <0.04 - 370 Notes: V = compound detected at concentration greater than RCS-2
The sample exhibiting the highest concentrations of PAH compounds was sediment sample S-32SA. These analytical results revealed a potential PAH impact to the estuary in the south area towards.Lees River.
4.2.2.4 March 2001 Based on the results of the soil sampling in November and December 2000, sedinent samples were collected on March 21, 2001, by IT Corporation from twelve locations (SED-1 through SED-12) just beyond the southern extent of the December 2000 south area excavation. The sediment sample locations are shown on Figure 4. These samples were collected to evaluate the extent of the PAH impacts to sediment. At each location sediment was collected from two depth intervals: 0 to 6-inches and 12 to 24-inches below grade. The samples were also exploratory, to evaluate the presence of debris in the intertidal zone. Twenty of the sediment samples were submitted to Eastern for PAH analyses by EPA Method 8270. The analytical results are summarized in Table 4 and laboratory reports are included in Appendix A. The following PAH compounds were detected in these sediment samples at concentrations exceeding RCS-2 standards:
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PAH Compounds Exceeding MCP RCS-2 Standards in March 2001 and Concentrations Ranges in mg/Kg Detected in Samples PAH Compound South Area Benzo(a)anthracene <0.05 - 130 Benzon(a)pyrene <0.05 - 120 Benzo(b)fluoranthene <0.05 - 210 Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene <0.05 - 65 Benzo(k)fluoranthene <0.05 - 30 Chrysene <0.05 - 130 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene <0.05 - 12 Phenanthrene <0.05 - 250
outfall Most of the highest PAH compounds were detected in sample SED-04, located adjacent to a former (Figure 4).
4.2.2.5 May 2001 by Based on the March 2001 sediment sampling results, sediment samples were collected on May 18, 2001, Brook IT Corporation from an additional 11 locations (SED 13 through SED 23) in the area where Lewin enters Lees River to further evaluate the extent of the impacts of PAH compounds. These samples were on Figure 4. collected from locations approximately 10 to 20 feet beyond the March 2001 samples as shown below Sediment was sampled at each location from two depth intervals: 0 to 6-inches and 12 to 24-inches, grade. These samples were submitted to Eastern for PAH analysis by EPA Method 8270. The analytical PAH results are summarized in Table 4 and laboratory reports are included as Appendix A. The following compounds were detected in these sediment samples at concentrations exceeding RCS-2 standards:
PAH Compounds Exceeding MCP RCS-2 Standards in May 2001 And Concentrations Ranges in mg/Kg Detected in Samples PAH Compound South Area Benzo(a)anthracene <0.05 - 4.4 Benzon(a)pyrene <0.05 - 3.1 Benzo(b)fluoranthene <0.05 - 2.8 Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene <0.05 - 3.1
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4.3 Geological and Stratigraphic Conditions
During completion of test pits in the area of the southern excavation, soils encountered were logged noting in test debris (if present), soil color, moisture content and sedimentary features. These notes are provided pit logs included as Appendix B. These logs indicate that the debris encountered in a sandy matrix included ash, slag, brick, wood, roofing material and asphalt. The fill debris was typically encountered in the top TP-X seven to eight feet below grade, but was observed to extend to a depth of ten feet below grade at (located in the eastern most area of the south excavation) and only extended to about one to four feet below grade at TP-S1 1 and TP-S12 (located in the north and northwest portions of the south area).
Fill At a couple of the test pit locations, grey, organic silt and peat was encountered below the fill material. debris was also encountered in the north area. No fill material was encountered in the perimeter area of the site.
No bedrock was encountered during investigation activities at the site. Based on a review of the regional geology (Section 4.1.1), the depth to bedrock at the site may be approximately 30 feet below grade.
4.4 Ash Sample Results
north The results of laboratory analyses of two composite samples of suspected coal ash collected from the and south areas in September 2000, are discussed below. At the laboratory, a portion of each sample was dried and examined under a stereo microscope, under which black grains, consistent in appearance to coal ash, were separated. These grains were then examined via both Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate grain morphology. Additionally, Energy Dispersive X- Ray (EDX) analysis was conducted under SEM in order to define the grains' elemental composition. Analytical results of the composite samples of suspected ash collected and submitted for coal/coal flyash identification confirmed that both samples did contain coal and coal ash. The coal was found to be very similar in both morphological and chemical characteristics between the two areas. Coal ash from both high and low temperature coal burning was detected in the north and south areas. The coal ash laboratory reports are included as Appendix C.
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT OF OIL AND/OR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS E310 CMR 40.0835(4)(e)]
Based on the results of site investigations, the compounds of concern at the site include PAH compounds and asbestos detected in shallow soil samples. The physical and chemical properties of the PAH compounds of concern at the site, which describe their mobility, stability, volatility, persistence, and bioaccumulation, are presented in Table 5. Chemical properties that are significant in the fate and transport of PAH compounds are further discussed below.
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Sorption The extent of sorption for organic compounds is generally proportional to the organic carbon content of the site soils. Organic rich soils are present throughout the site areas below the fill material. The extent to which an individual compound sorbs to soil organic carbon is quantified by its organic carbon-partitioning coefficient (KOJ. Qualitative indications of sorptive affinity can also be obtained from a compound's octanol-water partitioning coefficient (Ko.), which is correlated to Ke, and its aqueous solubility which varies inversely with
Koc.
Biological Uptake and Bioaccumulation Compounds that sorb strongly are also prone to bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation is the process whereby a chemical is taken up by an animal or plant species as a result of exposure to contaminated media or consumption of contaminated food and water. The potential for bioaccumulation is a function of the K,, for a chemical and the fat or lipid content of the organism. Some compounds which bioaccumulate have the potential to biomagnify as organisms that uptake the compound are in turn eaten by other organisms.
Biodegradation Compounds with high Kc values, such as PAHs, tend to have limited bioavailability, due to their propensity to sorb to soil organic matter, and therefore biodegrade at a slower rate than similar more soluble compounds and are generally more persistent in the environment.
PAH Compounds PAHs that exhibit very low mobility in the environment that are generally characterized by low volatility and low aqueous solubility, both of which decrease with increasing molecular weight. Low molecular weight PAHs, such as naphthalene and the methylnaphthalenes, are moderately soluble and volatile. However, the majority of PAHs detected at the site are heavier, less mobile compounds (Table 5).
Because of their low solubility and high K., values, PAHs tend to sorb to soil rather,than dissolve and migrate with groundwater flow. Their sorptive affinity limits leaching from unsaturated soil and greatly retards the transport of dissolved PAHs in the saturated zone of the subsurface. Due to their low Henry's Law constants, PAHs are not likely to volatilize from soil and surface water but primarily exist in the atmosphere adsorbed to small airborne soil particles.
In aquatic environments, the cycle of sediment suspension and redeposition with surface water flow can result in the mobilization of sorbed PAHs. PAHs are resistant to biodegradation and are therefore persistent. PAHs, due to their low aqueous solubility and corresponding lipid solubility, have the potential to bioaccumulate. Their limited mobility, however, limits exposures to PAH primarily to situations of direct contact near the point of release.
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Asbestos Material Asbestos has been found in soil associated with building demolition debris including transite boards ("asbestos cement board") that had been dumped in the site areas. Since the asbestos-containing material is in wet soil and not friable, the airborne transport of the asbestos is not an issue at the site. As will be discussed later, future site response actions will include the removal of any remaining asbestos-containing materials.
6.0 NATURE AND EXTENT OF CONTAMINATION [310 CMR 40.0485(4)(f)]
This section characterizes the sources and nature of the OHM found at the site. Both the vertical and horizontal extent of the site areas are presented.
6.1 Potential Source of Oil or Hazardous Material
As described in Sections 4.2.2 and 4.3, during site investigation activities it was found that fill material comprised of various debris, including discarded machinery, wood, drums, tires, rubbish, construction debris (including asphalt) and roofing material were found scattered throughout the site and the adjacent Swan Finishing property (IT Corporation, 1998c). In addition, coal and coal ash was found throughout the north and south areas. During excavation activities conducted in September 2000, asbestos-containing material found in the debris was removed from both the north and south areas.
The fill material/debris was found to extend to depths of 8 to 10 feet below grade at some locations in the south area and to a maximum depth of 5 feet in the north area. The suspected source of some of the roofing material and the burned wood is a building associated with the Swan Finishing facility that was reported to have burned down (Section 3.2).
Coal ash encountered in both the north and the south areas likely originated from the furnace at the adjacent Swan Finishing facility. As discussed in Section 4.4, both high and low temperature coal ash were found in the north and south areas. The lower temperature ash may have originated from historic boilers and furnaces that were less efficient than newer boilers installed in the early 1900's on the Swan Finishing property (Section 3.2).
Historical manufacturing processes of Swan Finishing and previous occupants of the facility may have impacted the south area and the tidal area adjacent to Somerset Power's Ledge Road property. As shown on Figure 7, an earthen lagoon and filter beds were formerly located adjacent to Lewin Brook and could be considered possible sources for PAH impacts. Historic discharges from the outfall pipes depicted on the site map (Figure 2) are also potential sources for PAH impact to the south and perimeter areas. As noted previously, PAH levels above the site-specific coal ash background concentrations are present adjacent to Outfall #3.
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In addition to visual differences between coal ash impacted soil and debris-impacted areas, a review of the results of chemical analyses (presented in Table 4) reveals differences in the chemical signatures of the two materials. Soil and sediment samples collected from the debris-impacted areas contain PAH concentrations one to two orders of magnitude greater than concentrations detected in the ash samples. Also, the soil/sediment samples from debris-impacted areas contain PAH compounds that are generally absent from the ash samples. These compounds include anthracene, acenaphthylene, and benzo(g,h,i)perylene. These differences suggest that the higher impacts to the soil and sediment in the south area are not the result of coal ash backfill. Lower impacts of PAH compounds in the north area and south areas may be associated with the coal ash backfill.
In some of the areas, the source of PAH compounds in the sediment may originate from runoff from paved areas of the Swan Finishing facility into the unpaved areas of the site. As described in the PAH Assessment Report (IT Corporation, 1998c), soil samples collected from locations beneath paved areas generally exhibited lower concentrations of PAHs than samples collected in unpaved areas near the edge of the pavement. During combustion of fossil fuels, PAHs are not completely consumed, and therefore are present in vehicle emissions, waste, and ash from the combustion process.
6.2 Distribution and Extent of Compounds
Based on the site investigations conducted to date, the horizontal extent of PAH compounds in soil and sediment has been defined as the extent of the three site areas: north, south, and perimeter, as delineated on the Site Map (Figure 2). No fill or debris material was found in the perimeter area, so the extent of this area is determined by the soil boring locations where PAH impacts were noted and summarized in Table 1. The extent of the north and south areas were confirmed during the November 2000 excavation activities conducted at the site, as well as by sediment sampling conducted adjacent to the areas excavated in the south area. Since coal and coal ash were found at the site, according to 310 CMR 40.0006, background concentrations of PAHs in site soil are defined as those levels that would exist in the absence of the disposal site which are attributable to coal ash or wood ash associated with fill material. Therefore, the goal of site excavation activities conducted in November 2000 (and discussed below) was to remove soil with PAH impacts exceeding the ash sample concentrations. Further, releases of OHM related to coal, coal ash, or wood ash are exempt from notification under the MCP (310 CMR 40.0317(9)]. In Section 7.4, an evaluation of site background conditions is presented upon which future remedial actions will be based.
During excavation in the north area, clean edges were located along Lewin Brook Pond and Ledge Road. To the west, along the side of the abandoned pump house, soil samples at the excavation edge exhibited PAH concentrations below the ash sample concentrations. To the north, where the fence meets Lewin Brook Pond, the excavation edge was determined to be impacted by a layer of coal ash and thus exempt under MCP 310 CMR 40.0317 (9). Since the concentrations of PAHs in soils along this edge of the excavation were at or below concentrations of PAHs in the confirmed coal ash samples from this location, the excavation along the coal ash edge was determined to be complete. Results of post-excavation soil samples are summarized in Table 3.
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During the November 2000 excavation activities in the south area, all visibly impacted materials were excavated to the northern property line with Swan Finishing, with the exception of material located under existing trees. Subsequent soil samples collected from these trees indicate the presence of elevated PAH concentrations. Therefore, future site excavation activities will include removal of these trees and their root balls.
To the west, a clean edge was obtained and the excavation was completed through the edge of the debris, which included timbers and building rubble. In the east, the excavation edge was determined to be a layer of coal ash, which is exempt under MCP 310 CMR 40.0317 (9). Since the concentrations of PAHs in soils and ash along this edge of the excavation were at or below concentrations of PAHs in the confirmed coal ash samples from this location, no further excavation was conducted along this edge. The southern edge was excavated approximately to the Mean High Water line of Lewin Brook and the estuary. Subsequent sediment sampling conducted in 2001 indicated PAH impacts to sediment along the shoreline. Post- excavation soil and sediment sampling results are summarized in Table 4. In addition, a small area (20 feet by 25 feet) of transite board fragments was identified in this area.
As reported in Sections 4.2.2.1 and 4.2.2.3 and summarized on Table 2, groundwater analytical results of samples collected from the site, indicate that only PAHs, EPH carbon range compounds, and various metals were detected in groundwater and were found at concentrations below MCP reportable concentrations for GW-2 classified groundwater. Based on groundwater analytical results, groundwater beneath the site does not appear to have been impacted from past or present site usage practices.
7.0 LIMITED RISK CHARACTERIZATION [310 CMR 40.0835(4)(g)&(h)]
To evaluate the risk of harm posed by the presence of OHM at the site, a combination Method 1 and 3 (1/3) risk characterization was performed. A Method 1/3 risk characterization is an option for sites where the impact is not limited to soil or groundwater, but where human health exposures are demonstrated to occur predominantly from soil and groundwater (310 CMR 40.0942(1)(b)(1)). In such cases, Method 1 may be used to characterize risk to human health from soil and groundwater, and Method 3 may be used to characterize risk to public welfare and the environment for all other affected media, such as sediment.
Based on a coal ash source for PAHs at the site and in accordance with 310 CMR 40.0193, the Licensed Site Professional (LSP) for the site has determined that a limited risk characterization is appropriate at this time. Section 40.0193 states that an LSP may provide technical justification for forgoing any specific activity required by the MCP related to Phase II activities if in his or her professional judgement any particular requirement is unnecessary or inappropriate based upon the conditions and characteristics of a disposal site. Since future response actions will be designed to reduce concentrations of PAHs in both soil and sediments to those consistent with site-specific background concentrations of PAHs (associated
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MCP Phase 11Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 20 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 with the presence of coal and coal ash), a risk characterization in accordance with 310 CMR 40.0900 will not be necessary to obtain a Response Action Outcome. If cleanup to background may not be attained, a complete Method 3 risk characterization will be completed for the site.
Therefore, a Method 1 risk characterization will be used to evaluate OHM impact in soil and groundwater, whereas a limited Method 3 will be used to evaluate potential risk from sediment. The Method 1 will identify chemicals of potential concern (COPC), potential receptors and exposure pathways, and will compare soil and groundwater concentrations to promulgated Method 1 cleanup standards. The Method 3 will include an evaluation of the potential risk to ecological receptors relative to ecological screening levels and background conditions. In addition, a separate evaluation of the risk of harm to safety is provided in this section.
7.1 Hazard Identification
The potential risks at the site depend in part upon the OHM present in soil, sediment, and groundwater. This section discusses the sources of OHM at the Site and the selection of COPCs.
7.1.1 Identified Sources of OHM It has been previously shown that OHM detected in soil, sediment, and groundwater at the site are likely to be, in part, associated with fill located on the property. Test pit and test pit well logs (Appendix B) have recorded the presence of coal, coal ash, brick, timbers, and other anthropogenic constituents in soil at the site. Microscopic analysis confirmed the presence of coal and coal ash (Appendix C). Many instances of elevated concentrations of PAHs detected in site samples are attributable to coal and coal ash present in fill and, as such, are considered "background" conditions for the purposes of risk characterization.
7.1.2 Chemicals of Potential Concern Monitoring well analytical results indicate that PAHs have been detected in groundwater; however, these compounds are present at concentrations below MCP RC-GW-2 standards. OHM detected in soil samples from the site include PAHs, metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and PCBs. In addition, intact, non-friable asbestos associated with construction debris has been found in the site soil. Aside from PAHs, all other chemicals were detected at concentrations below their reportable concentrations for RCS-2 soil. Because the concentrations of these chemicals are below these regulatory thresholds, metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and PCBs are not considered COPCs for the site. Therefore, only PAHs were evaluated as COPCs.
7.1.3 Background Evaluation Site assessment has determined that the elevated PAH concentrations in soil and sediment may be consistent with site-specific background conditions, due to the presence of coal and wood ash in soil located within the north and south areas of the site. As previously discussed, concentrations of OHM attributable to coal, coal ash or wood ash may be considered as "background" for the purposes of risk assessment as
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MCP Phase 11Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 21 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 described in 310 CMR 40.0006. Therefore, this evaluation was performed to determine the extent to which coal ash was contributing to PAH concentrations detected on site. To determine background concentrations of PAHs, IT submitted soil samples for coal and coal ash analysis, as well as PAH analysis, to correlate the presence of coal ash in soil with detected soil PAH concentrations. These samples (ASH-1 through ASH-12) were collected from locations in the north and south areas containing extensive coal ash deposits where there was no other fill in the soil (the other source of PAH impacts on site).
A statistical analysis was then performed based on these analytical results to assess background concentrations of PAHs at the site. The analytical data for the samples containing coal ash are summarized in Table 7. The data indicate that all the PAHs detected on site, except 2-methylnaphthalene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, were present in "background" coal ash samples. Three of the "ash" soil samples did not contain detectable concentrations of PAHs, although detection limits were elevated in one of these samples. The highest "background" concentrations of PAHs were detected in samples ASH-4 and ASH-5.
A summary of statistical data describing the coal ash sample results is presented in Table 8. Due to the limited data set (12 "ash" samples were collected), the statistical distribution of the data could not be confidently determined. The 95% upper confidence limit value presented in Table 8 is based on an assumed normal distribution.
MADEP recommends that the median and maximum concentrations provided from reference samples be used as a measure of spread for background concentrations (MADEP, 1995). Because coal ash is scattered across the site and has resulted in a wide range of concentrations of PAHs in soil, the background concentration of each PAH to which site concentrations will be compared is based on the 95% upper confidence limit for each PAH compound. Use of a mean or other indicator of central tendency for background at a site where coal ash is a major source of PAH contamination would result in remedial efforts being directed to removing a significant portion of the background concentrations. Use of the 95% upper confidence limit is considered more protective than use of the maximum coal ash concentrations.
A comparison of site soil and sediment data collected from the three areas of the site (North Area, Perimeter, and South Area) to these background concentrations is presented in Tables 9a through 9d. PAH concentrations detected in soil samples collected from the north and perimeter areas (as presented on Tables 9a and 9b, respectively) are generally well below the coal ash background concentrations, with the exception of a few discrete samples. However, as shown on Table 9c and 9d, numerous soil and sediment samples collected following the November 2000 excavation activities exhibit PAH concentrations exceeding the coal ash background concentrations.
7.2 Exposure Assessment
Exposure assessment is the process of identifying current and potential future receptors, and characterizing the nature of their contact with a chemical. Following MADEP guidance, the exposure assessment must incorporate site conditions associated with both current and reasonable foreseeable uses of the site and surrounding environment.
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MCP Phase il Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 22 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001
7.2.1 Potential Receptors As previously mentioned, the site consists of three discrete areas located on a strip of property bordering Lewin Brook and Swan Pond. The site is bordered to the north, west, and south by an industrial property currently occupied by Swan Finishing. There are no underground utilities present at the Site. It is unlikely that facility workers from Swan Finishing would be present at the site, based on the nature of their daily activities. Access to the site is currently limited by a perimeter fence; however, there is the potential to gain entrance to the site. Therefore, under current use, potential receptors at the site include trespassers such as youths from the neighboring residential areas. Where PAH compounds from the site have impacted the sediments of the Lees River, potential receptors include native plants and animals living in these sediments. It is not anticipated that human receptors would be exposed to impacted sediment, given the general inaccessibility of the area.
Under future site uses, receptors may include construction workers in addition to site trespassers. As no Activity and Use Limitation (AUL) has been implemented that would restrict or limit access to the site, there is also the potential for future residents to construct a home on the site, although this scenario is unlikely due to the limited size of the property and the site's proximity to the pond and brook.
7.2.2 Soil and Groundwater Classification This section identifies and documents the soil and groundwater categories applicable to the site, as described in 310 CMR 40.0930. The soil and groundwater categories are considered as general indicators of the potential for exposure to oil or hazardous material.
7.2.2.1 Soil Categories Applicable at the Site Soil at a site can be classified as S-1, S-2, or S-3 based upon the potential for human exposure to the soil '(310 CMR 40-0933). Category S-1 soil represents the highest potential for exposure because it assumes the unrestricted use of the soil (i.e., residential). Category S-3 soil represents the lowest potential for exposure (i.e., commercial use). Specific criteria - frequency of use, intensity of use, and accessibility of the soil - have been established for each category (310 CMR 40.0933(4)). These criteria must be evaluated under both current and reasonably foreseeable future site activities and uses.
S-1 applies to soil that is accessible, and is either 1.) currently used for growing fruits or vegetables for human consumption, or if it is reasonably foreseeable that the soil may be put to such use; or 2.) a child's frequency and intensity of use are both considered to be high; or 3.) an adult's frequency and intensity of use are both considered to be high; OR the soil is potentially accessible and a child's frequency and intensity of use are both considered to be high.
S-2 applies to soil that is accessible and 1.) a child's frequency and intensity of use are considered low; or 2.) children are not present at the disposal site and either (but not both) the adult's frequency or intensity of use is considered to be high; OR the soil is potentially accessible and 1.) either (but not both) a child's frequency or intensity of use is considered to be high, or 2.)
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MCP Phase 11Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 23 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 children are not present at the disposal site and an adult's frequency and intensity of use are both considered to be high.
S-3 applies to the soil that is accessible, and children are not present at the disposal site and an adult's frequency and intensity of use are considered to be low; OR the soil is potentially accessible and 1.) the child frequency and intensity of use are both considered to be low; or 2.) a demonstration has been made that children are not present at the disposal site, and either an adult's frequency and intensity of use is considered to be low; OR the soil is isolated, regardless of any receptors frequency or intensity of use.
Currently, the site is unused and COPCs are present in surficial soils in some areas and are present three feet below the ground surface in other areas. Because access to areas of the site where OHM impacts have been detected in surficial soils is limited by fencing, all surficial soil (0-3 fbgs) at the site is considered potentially accessible. The frequency of use for adults and children is low. The frequency of use is classified as low based on the absence of any children visitors during the site investigation activities. The intensity of use under current conditions is low for both adults and children, since no current site activity results in contact with soil. Soils located at depths greater than 3 fbgs are considered isolated. Therefore, under current land use, site soil 0-3 fbgs is classified as S-2, and soil 3-15 fbgs is classified as S-3. Under future land use, all site soil is classified as S-1, because it is assumed that future land uses will not be restricted.
7.2.4 Groundwater Categories Applicable at the Site Under the MCP (310 CMR 40.0932) there are three categories for groundwater (GW-1, GW-2, and GW-3) which can apply to a specified volume of groundwater or to an aquifer taken as a whole. These categories are based upon potential exposure assumptions as described below:
GW-1 applies to groundwater assumed to be a potential or current source of drinking water. GW-2 applies to groundwater considered to be a potential source of vapors that could migrate through the soil and concentrate in indoor air of buildings. This applies to groundwater that is less than 15 feet below grade and within 30 feet of an occupied building. GW-3 applies to groundwater that is assumed to discharge to surface water. All groundwater in Massachusetts is assumed to be classified as GW-3.
According to the MCP, groundwater beneath a site shall be classified GW-1, if one or more of the criteria shown in Table 6 apply. As shown on the attached MAGIS map (Figure 6) and through site research documented in Table 6, groundwater beneath the site does not meet any of the GW-1 criteria; therefore, groundwater is not classified as GW-1.
No COPCs have been detected at monitoring wells located within 30 feet of any building located on or adjacent to the site. Therefore, groundwater at the site is not classified as GW-2. Groundwater at the site is classified as GW-3.
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MCP Phase 11Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 24 Ledge Road Property. Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001
7.3 Identification of Complete Exposure Pathways
Groundwater is ruled out as a complete exposure pathway, as detectable concentrations of analytes were below MCP reportable concentrations. Based upon the MADEP definitions for site soil classifications and site-specific information, the following potential exposure scenarios have been identified for the site:
Soil Category S-1: Potential future receptors such as on-property residents, visitors, or trespassers may come into contact with OHM in soil via direct contact. Potential routes of exposure include incidental ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation of fugitive dust. Soil Category S-2: Potential future receptors such as on-property facility workers, trespassers, utility workers, or construction workers may come into contact with OHM in soil via direct contact or during excavation activities. Potential routes of exposure include incidental ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation of fugitive dust. Soil Category S-3: Potential future receptors such as utility workers or construction workers may come into contact with OHM in soil during excavation activities. Potential routes of exposure include incidental ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation of fugitive dust. Groundwater Category GW-3: Potential receptors include aquatic organisms that may come into contact with OHM migrating from the groundwater to a surface water body such as Lewin Brook, Lewin Brook Pond, or Lees River. The route of exposure would be direct contact. Sediment: Potential receptors include benthic flora and fauna present in the sediment of on-site surface water bodies. The route of exposure would be direct contact.
The potential impacts to human health, public welfare, and the environment from these exposure scenarios are qualitatively evaluated in the next section.
7.4 Risk Characterization
This Section presents an.evaluation of risk of-harm to potential receptors at the site from OHM-impacted environmental media. These receptors may be exposed to elevated concentrations of PAHs present in soil and sediment.
7.4.1 Soil In a Method 1 risk characterization, concentrations of OHM in soil are compared to MCP-promulgated Method I cleanup standards. Based on soil and groundwater classifications for this site, the following soil standards were identified as applicable: S-1/GW-3; S-2/GW-3; and S-3/GW-3. As a conservative measure of exposure, each soil sample concentration was directly compared to the applicable standards as well as to site-specific background concentrations, as shown in Tables 9a through 9c. The results of this comparison demonstrate that many of the detected concentrations of PAHs exceed S-1, S-2, and S-3 soil standards in each area of the site.
As previously mentioned, however, PAHs in site soil are to some extent attributable to the presence of coal ash. When compared to soil cleanup standards, site-specific "background" concentrations (based on coal
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MCP Phase || Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 25 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 ash samples) of benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, chrysene, and indeno(1,2,3- cd)pyrene exceeded Method 1 soil cleanup standards. Therefore, it was assumed that only site concentrations that exceed site-specific background represented a significant risk of harm to human health, public welfare, and the environment.
Based on this evaluation, a condition of no significant risk of harm to human health, public welfare, and the environment does not exist for soil within the south area of the site, as concentrations of PAHs at numerous sampling points within this area exceed site-specific background concentrations in addition to Method 1 soil standards.
7.4.2 Sediment There are no MCP Method 1 standards available for sediment. Since the primary receptors for this medium are benthic organisms, ecological sediment screening values were identified as an appropriate means of evaluating ecological risk. These values (which include both lower- and upper-end benchmarks) were selected from a number of sources, as indicated on Table 10. Each discrete sampling point in sediment was compared to a range of sediment benchmarks. The use of individual sampling points in this comparison is particularly relevant for evaluating ecological risks from impacted sediment, as benthic organisms tend to be less mobile than their aquatic or terrestrial counterparts. The benthos are more likely to be exposed to discrete concentrations, which are reflected in each individual sediment sample. As there is significant uncertainty in selecting sediment benchmarks, the range of sediment benchmarks was used for comparison.
The ecological screening shows that PAH concentrations in the sediments are often above the range of benchmark values for these compounds, often by up to several orders of magnitude. As with soil, however, PAH impact in sediment is, in part, attributed to the presence of coal ash. When compared to the ecological screening values, site-specific background concentrations for this site were likewise found to exceed these benchmarks. By definition, background concentrations do not pose a significant risk of harm to ecological receptors. As shown in Tables 9a-9d, sediment PAH concentrations generally exceed site-specific background concentrations only in the South Area of the site. Therefore, sediment in the South Area, near the confluence of Lewin Brook and Lees River, presents a significant risk of harm to ecological receptors.
7.4.3 Risk of Harm to Safety The MCP requires that the risk of harm to safety be characterized based on data collected during the site investigations and the exposure information identified in this report. The MCP states the risk of harm to safety shall compare current future foreseeable site conditions to applicable or suitably analogous health standards, if available. However, for this site, no applicable or suitable analogous safety standards were identified.
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MCP Phase il Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 26 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 In 310 CMR 40.0960, the MCP has identified several additional criteria that need to be considered in the evaluation of safety, including:
* The presence of rusted or corroded drums or containers, open pits, lagoons, or other dangerous structures (310 CMR 40.0960(3)(a)); * The threat of fire or explosion (310 CMR 40.0960(3)(b)); and * Uncontained material that exhibits the characteristics of corrosivity, reactivity, or flammability, as described in 310 CMR 40.0347.
These materials and/or conditions were not observed at any time during past site visits.
Based on the above evaluation, a condition of no significant risk of harm to safety exists at the site, as no threat of physical harm or bodily injury to people related to the constituents of potential interest was observed at the site or within the surrounding area (310 CMR 40.0960).
7.4.4 Risk Characterization Conclusions A limited Method 1/3 risk characterization was conducted to evaluate OHM-impacted soil and sediment at the Ledge Road property. Analytical results from soil and sediment samples collected from three areas of the site were compared to site-specific background concentrations, MCP soil cleanup standards, and ecological sediment screening values. It was found that concentrations of PAHs in soil in the south area were found to exceed both MCP Method 1 soil standards and site-specific background concentrations. Concentrations of PAHs in sediment in the south area exceeded ecological screening benchmarks in addition to site-specific background concentrations. As a result of this investigation, remedial activities are currently being planned to reduce concentrations of PAHs in soil and sediment within this area of the site to below site-specific background.
8.0 CONCLUSIONS [310 CMR 40.0835(4)(i)]
Presented below are conclusions drawn from the information presented in this Phase il Comprehensive Site Assessment Report.
* Shallow soil in three areas of the Ledge Road property (north, perimeter, and south) have been impacted by PAH compounds attributed to debris and refuse material that was backfilled and dumped on the property or due to runoff from paved areas of the abutting Swan Finishing facility. Small, localized areas on the site have also been impacted by asbestos. * PAH impacts above the site-specific coal ash background concentrations can be potentially attributed to the types of debris encountered at the site, specifically asphalt, tar, roofing material, burned wood and machinery. Asbestos-containing material can be directly attributed to pipe insulation from the old coal-fired boilers on the adjacent property, and to transite board within building demolition debris found on the property.
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MCP Phase It Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 27 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001 * Groundwater at the site has not been impacted by PAH compounds present at the site; and soil has not been impacted by substances other than PAHs. * Excavation activities conducted at the site have removed significant amount of fill debris and asbestos-containing material from both the north and south areas of the site. * PAH concentrations in soil and sediment of the south area (adjacent to Lees River) exceed site-specific coal ash background concentrations.
* A condition of no significant risk does not exist at the site.
Based on the conclusions of the Phase Il CSA, additional response actions are necessary in the south area of the site to reduce levels of PAH compounds below site-specific background concentrations.
9.0 LIMITATIONS ON WORK PRODUCT
While it is believed that the information contained herein will be reliable under the conditions and subject to the limitations set forth herein, neither Somerset Operations nor IT Corporation guarantees the accuracy or completeness thereof. The information contained in this report, including its conclusions, is based on the information that was made available to IT Corporation during the investigation and upon the services described, which were performed within the time and budgetary requirements of Somerset Operations. Because this report is based on available information, some of its conclusions could be different if the information upon which it is based is determined to be inaccurate or is contradicted by additional information.
This report contains information and opinions that are limited to the date the report was issued. IT Corporation has not conducted any site visit, data review or other investigation of a property since the date of the report relating to that property, and IT Corporation makes no representation with respect to, nor expresses any opinion about any property after the date of the report. By providing this report, IT Corporation does not assume any obligation to update the report for any purpose whatsoever.
IT Corporation makes no representation concerning the legal significance of its findings or of the value of the property investigated. IT Corporation has no contractual liability to any third parties for the information or opinions contained in this report. This report is not intended to satisfy the requirements of the National Contingency Plan.
Unless and until the parties agree otherwise in writing, the use of this report or any information contained therein by any third party shall be at such third party's sole risk. Such use shall constitute an agreement to release, defend and indemnify Somerset Operations and IT Corporation from and against any and all liability in connection therewith.
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MCP Phase It Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 28 Ledae Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28. 2001 10.0 REFERENCES
Howard, P.H., 1990. Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals, Volume II. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.
Jones, D.S., Suter 11,G.W., Hull, R.N. 1997. Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Contaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Sediment-Associated Biota: 1997 Revision. Health Sciences Research Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
IT Corporation, 1998a. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Reports, Montaup Electric Company, 11 Riparian Properties, Swansea, Massachusetts. May 1998.
IT Corporations, 1998b. Phase II Environmental Site Assessment. Montaup Electric Company, Ledge Road, Swansea, Massachusetts. June 1998.
IT Corporation, 1998c. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Assessment. Montaup Electric Company, Ledge Road Property, Swansea, Massachusetts. November 1998.
IT Corporation, 2000. Release Abatement Measure (RAM) Plan. End Of Ledge Road, Swansea, Massachusetts. September 5, 2000.
IT Corporation, 2001a. 120-day Release Abatement Measure (RAM) Status Report. Ledge Road Property, Swansea Massachusetts. January 2, 2001.
IT Corporation, 2001 b. Release Abatement Measure Completion Report. End Of Ledge Road, Swansea, Massachusetts. July 2, 2001.
Long, E. R., D. D. MacDonald, S. L. Smith, and F. D. Calder. 1995. Incidence of Adverse Biological Effects Within Ranges of Chemical Concentrations in Marine and Estuarine Sediments. Environmental Management 19:81-97.
Massachusetts GIS, DEP MCP (21 E) NRS Site Map, 2000.
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MADEP), Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP 310 CMR 40.000), 1999.
MADEP, 1995. Guidance for Disposal Site Risk Characterization, WSC/ORS-95-141.
MADEP, 1996. Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards (310 CMR 4.00), 1996.
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MCP Phase 11Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Page 29 Ledge Road Property, Swansea, MA, MADEP Site No. 4-14230 September 28, 2001
Montgomery, I.H., 1996. Groundwater Chemicals Desk Reference, 2nd Edition. Lewis Publishers, Inc. Chelsea, MI.
National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), 2001, Normal Monthly Precipitation (Inches) Data, on-line source. http://www.ncdc.noaa.aov/ol/climate/online/ccd/nrmlorco.html.
Persaud, D., R. Jaagumagi, and A. Hayton. 1993. Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario. Ontario Ministry of the Environment. ISBN 0-7729-92-48-7.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1996. Ecotox Thresholds. In: ECO Update Vol. 3 No.2. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, D.C.
United States Geological Society (USGS). 1985. Topographic Quadrangles Map, Fall River and Somerset, Massachusetts. 1985.
Universal Atlas of Southeastern Massachusetts, 26th Edition.
Willey, R. E., Williams, J.R., and G. D. Tasker. 1978. Water Resources of the Coastal Drainage Basins of Southeastern Massachusetts, Westport River, Westport to Seekonk, United States Geological Survey, Atlas HA-275.
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