Amelia Chong ENH 101 Fall 2012 Source: Deviantart, by Antarctic-beech, 31 Aug 2010. • Unique leaves and structure • Interesting biology • Monkey Puzzle Tree is native from the Coastal Cordillera of Chile to the Andes in Argentina • National tree of Chile

Flickr. Taken by Diego Alarcón. Source: Forest Legality Alliance • Member of the ancient Araucariaceae family • Araucaria araucana species is over 200 million years old • Individuals can live over 1000 years • Can grow to 50 m tall • DBH >2 m Flickr. Taken by Diego Alarcón.

Source: Name That Plant. Taken by J.A. Howard-Gibbon, 13 Dec 2010.

• Common name was inspired by leaf structure • Leaves are scale-like, ovate-lanceolate, & persist for 10-15 years Source: Dave’s Garden, 1 Jul 2008 Source: Flickr, taken by Rodrigo Pedraza, 17 Feb 2011 Flickr. Taken by Diego Alarcón, 24 Feb 2011. • Branches grow horizontal to the trunk, in opposite pairs • Canopy spread of 10 m Source: Eden Project. • Young vs. old bark • Thick (10 cm), fire resistant • Used to be harvested for carpentry • No longer harvested b/c of conservation status Source: Flickr. Taken by Andrea Ugarte, 28 Feb 2009. • Elongate male cones • Round female cones

Source: Chile Bosque. Taken by Diego Alarcón. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Taken by MPF, 27 July 2005. Source: Chile Bosque. Taken by Diego Alarcón.

• Piñones = conifer seed from the Pehuén (Araucaria araucana) tree • Edible, soft like a cashew, tastes a little like a pine nut • Important food source for the Pehuénch tribe Source: Info Jardin. Taken by Perejilo, Jul 2011. • In the wild, affected by Micronegeria fagi, a foliage-attacking fungus • Juvenile bark and leaves attacked by Calicopsis brevipes fungus • Disease in ornamentals unknown

Source: Wikimedia Commons. Taken by Chiton magnificus, 14 November 2011. • Can withstand a wide temperature range: -5 C to 30 C. • Symbiotic relationship with Zygomycota ectomycorrhizal fungi • Dominant species in mixed-species stands • Grown near the coast, in the Western world • Zones 7-10, tolerant of coastal conditions • Soil: sandy, loamy, clay; moist and well-draining • Soil: wide acidity range • Somewhat shade in-tolerant

Source: Daily Kos. Taken by Curiosity, 21 Jun 2009. • Evergreen • Slow-growing (3 m in 10 years) • Average adult size— 25-30 m tall, 10 m wide canopy • Open canopy— limited shade • Spiky—dangerous? • Food source Source: Name That Plant. Taken by J.A. Howard-Gibbon, 13 Dec 2010.

Source: Flickr. Taken by Beck Nakusp, 25 Jan 2009. Source: Chile Bosque. Taken by Diego Alarcón. • http://chilebosque.cl/tree/aarau.html • http://www.forestlegality.org/risk-tool/species/araucaria-araucana • http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/31355/0 • http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/1452/ • http://www.conifers.org/ar/Araucaria_araucana.php • http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Araucaria+araucana • http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/K1203E/K1203E02.htm • http://www.dailykos.com/story/2009/06/21/744839/-a-conservationist- s-profile-of-the-ancient-monkey-puzzle-tree • http://namethatplant.wordpress.com/page/5/ • http://www.infojardin.com/foro/showthread.php?t=256458 • https://www.edenproject.com/visit-us/whats-here/plant-a-z/monkey- puzzle