The Impact of Europeanization Process on the Mobilization of Local
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
TheThe impactimpact ofof EuropeanizationEuropeanization processprocess onon thethe mobilizationmobilization ofof locallocal actorsactors inin EuropeanEuropean cities.cities. A comparative analysis of Krakow and Glasgow Anna Sobczak European University Institute A paper presented for the EURA conference “Vital City” Panel: Urban Governance Glasgow, 12-14 September 2007 EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 1 ResearchResearch QuestionQuestion HowHow locallocal actorsactors mobilizemobilize themselvesthemselves andand cooperatecooperate aroundaround thethe EUEU fundedfunded projectsprojects inin EuropeanEuropean cities:cities: •• DoesDoes thisthis mobilizationmobilization changechange thethe existingexisting powerpower structurestructure ofof thethe city?city? HowHow thethe mobilizationmobilization ofof locallocal actorsactors differdiffer inin aa citycity fromfrom anan oldold andand aa newnew EUEU membermember state?state? EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 2 MobilizationMobilization ofof locallocal actorsactors aroundaround thethe EUEU fundedfunded projectsprojects TopTop--downdown (decision(decision making):making): •• EUEU SFSF PartnershipPartnership principleprinciple BottomBottom up:up: •• PolicyPolicy networks,networks, partnershipspartnerships VerticalVertical andand horizontalhorizontal ActorsActors ?? EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 3 TheThe PartnershipPartnership inin thethe EUEU documentsdocuments 19881988 CloseClose consultationconsultation btwbtw EC,EC, MSMS && competentcompetent authoritiesauthorities •• VerticalVertical dimensiondimension Art.10,Art.10, PPPP 20002000--20062006 •• VerticalVertical && horizontalhorizontal dimensiondimension (+eco(+eco && soc.)soc.) •• CreationCreation ofof institutionalinstitutional settingsetting EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 4 Development Plan Member State Community Support Framework European Commission Programming National Appointed by Consultative Member role of partners State Single Programming Regional Document Local Operational Member State Programme European Commission Member State Programme Management Authority Complement Monitoring Committee Partners Consultative role of partners Member State OR National Management/ acting through implementation Regional Appointed by the Management Authority Member Local State Monitoring Committee Private Public EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 5 Member State Participation of partners in Monitoring Committee National Monitoring Appointed Acting Different power of Committee Regional by the through legitimacy Member State Monitoring Local Equal Consultation voting Private right Public Member State Ex-ante evaluation Managing Authority Monitoring Committee Consultative role of partners Partners OR acting through Independent evaluator Evaluation Mid-term Management Authority evaluation Under supervision of Managing Authority Monitoring Committee In cooperation with MS EU Commission Independent evaluator Consultative role of partners Ex-post Under supervision of OR evaluation European Commission acting through In cooperation with EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] Management Authority 6 Policy Networks in the Literature highly complex informal relationships in the policy process (Kenis and Schneider 1991) the interwoven structure of vertical and horizontal dimensions in the EU structural funds’ policy making process (Heinelt and Smith 1996) a strong interdependence betwbetweeneen institutions, ongoing interactions among network members based on trust as well as formal rules negotiations by network participations (Rhodes 1999; Rhodes 1997) Îreflects not only arranged horizontal and vertical relations between actors/ institutions but represents also a particular power structure of the city the relations between the actors • Insufficiency of the formal politico-institutional arrangements and hierarchy • Decisions outside of the conventional channels EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 7 GlasgowGlasgow casecase studystudy InstitutionalizedInstitutionalized partnershippartnership •• RhetoricRhetoric ofof partnershippartnership •• IsomorphismIsomorphism ofof vocabularyvocabulary GlasgowGlasgow CityCity CouncilCouncil •• LabourLabour strongholdstronghold SustainabilitySustainability ofof thethe structurestructure PersonalPersonal andand professionalprofessional contactscontacts ÎÎEuropeanizedEuropeanized EntrenchedEntrenched citycity eliteelite •• SEPSEP (PMC,(PMC, PIC,PIC, AG)AG) EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 8 ExamplesExamples ofof partnershipspartnerships inin GlasgowGlasgow Strathclyde European Partnership Scottish Enterprise West of Scotland Colleges Partnership Glasgow Community Planning Partnership Glasgow Alliance • 8 Social Inclusion Partnerships Glasgow Disability Learning Partnership Glasgow Healthy City Partnership Glasgow Action Partnership Glasgow Economic Forum Partnership Glasgow Sustainable Tourism Partnership Glasgow Council for Voluntary Sector EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 9 StrathclydeStrathclyde EuropeanEuropean PartnershipPartnership a group of organisations who access 2000-06 European Structural Funds in Western Scotland to carry out economic regeneration projects. The partnership consists of around 200 public agencies: • European Commission • Scottish Executive and other central government agencies • Local Authorities • Scottish Enterprise and Local Enterprise Companies (LECs) • Universities and Further Education Colleges • Enterprise Trusts and Local Economic Development Initiatives • Area Tourist Boards • National and regional bodies involved in Economic Development • Voluntary bodies and charitable organisations and communities involved in Economic Development • Environmental Agencies • Equality Agencies EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 10 EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 11 EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 12 SEP Programme Implementing Committee SEP Board of Directors SEP Programme Monitoring Committee Global Connections (Scotland) Ltd Glasgow City Council Inverclyde Council European Commission Access North Ayr East Dunbartonshire Council South Lanarkshire Council East End Partnership Ltd West Dunbartonshire Council North Ayrshire Council Ekos Consultants Scottish Enterprise Dunbartonshire Scottish Enterprise Renfrewshire University of Strathclyde The Bambury Regeneration Centre The Scottish Executive North Lanarkshire Council Cumbernauld College Langside College The Scottish Executive Clydebank Re-Built Clydebank Re-built University of Glasgow Scottish Environment Protection Agency Drumchapel Opportunities Centre for Travel and Tourism Community Enterprise in Strathclyde North Ayrshire Council Scottish Enterprise Lanarkshire Cunninghame Housing Association Ltd Glasgow City Council Inverclyde Council Scottish Enterprise Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire Council European Commission Scottish Enterprise Ayrshire West of Scotland Colleges’ Partnership Business Gateway Lanarkshire The University of Glasgow The Scottish Executive Greater Glasgow and Clyde Valley Tourist Board Scottish Enterprise Ayrshire Scottish Natural Heritage The Wise Group Glasgow Community Planning Partnership Ltd The Scottish Executive Scottish Enterprise Lanarkshire Lanarkshire Enterprise Services EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 13 Reid Kerr College Communities Scotland Advisory groups 2000-2006 Programme at SEP Ltd Competitiveness & Innovation Economic & Social Cohesion Competitive Locations Labour Market Scottish Enterprise National Scottish Enterprise Dunbartonshire Glasgow City Council North Ayrshire Council Scottish Enterprise National John Wheatley College South Lanarkshire College Govan Initiative Ltd The Scottish Executive Community Enterprise in Strathclyde The Scottish Executive South Lanarkshire Council Scottish Enterprise Glasgow The Scottish Executive Renfrewshire Council The Scottish Executive East Ayrshire Council The Scottish Executive The Lennox Partnership South Ayrshire Council Glasgow & Clyde Valley Structure Plan Lifelong Learning GCVS Joint Committee Cunninghame Housing Association Ltd Barnardo’s Scotland The University of Glasgow AILLST Tourist Board East Renfrewshire Council Scottish Enterprise Stow College Glasgow Smaller Areas SIP Dunbartonshire Communities Scotland Renfrewshire Council Scottish Enterprise Ayrshire Business Gateway Glasgow The Wise Group Queens Cross Housing Association Ltd Central College of Commerce The Scottish Executive North Lanarkshire Council Scottish Environment Protection Agency Glasgow City Council University of Paisley Cardonald College Govan Initiative Ltd Scottish Enterprise Ayrshire Ayr College North Lanarkshire Council South Lanarkshire Council Partnership West of Scotland Colleges’ Greater Easterhouse Development Ltd North Lanarkshire Council Glasgow North Ltd Glasgow Film Office Gorbals Initiative The University of Strathclyde Greater Govan Social Inclusion Scottish Enterprise Renfrewshire Partnership Scottish Enterprise National EURA Glasgow 2007 [email protected] 14 KrakowKrakow casecase studystudy ““InterregnumInterregnum”” (new(new && old)old) && politicalpolitical cleavagescleavages • “Tabula rasa” approach vs. path dependency • Overlapping competencies and tensions MainMain statestate institutionsinstitutions besetbeset byby conflictsconflicts PartnershipPartnership PrinciplePrinciple asas illusionillusion ofof powerpower -- IROPIROP • Expert panel and Regional Steering Committee Anonymity & political influence Role of universities Vertical and horizontal cooperation “ad-hoc” partnerships