Canada Report 2011 National Plant Board Meeting, Denver, CO
Greg Stubbings, Chief Plant Health Officer Canadian Food Inspection Agency Augus t 8 , 2011 Canada Report 2010-2011 Todayyp’s presentation includes: • Proposed removal of ISPM 15 exemption between the US and Canada • Asian long-horned beetle (ALHB) and Citrus long-horned beetle, including ALHB eradication program • CFIA Firewood Policy • Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) • Canadian Not Authorized Pendinggypp Pest Risk Analysis Approach • Canadian Greenhouse Certification Program and Draft authorized plant genera • Invasive Plant Policy • Tuta absoluta- Tomato leaf miner • Plum Pox Virus (PPV) • Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN) • Khapra beetle • Soybean cyst nematode • Grain screeninggp pellets • International Movement of Grain Workshop
2 Proposed termination of ISPM 15 Exemption for WPM between Canada and the US
• To further ppprevent the introduction and spread of forest pests of quarantine concern associated with WPM • Both countries have a growing number of newly introduced quarantine pests (e.g. Emerald Ash Borer) • Too difficult to regulate only WPM with questionable tree species components (e.g. Fraxinus spp. for EAB) • A Risk Management Documents (RMD) was developed (Sept. 2009) to substantiate the need for the removal of the exemption
3 Proposed termination of ISPM 15 Exemption for WPM between Canada and the US
• CFIA and USDA-APHIS have agreed to the implementation of ISPM 15Cdi/USiiWPMibtCd15 on Canadian/US origin WPM moving between Canada an dthUSd the US • Proposed phase-in approach: • Phase 1 Education: Information will be provided to industry and importers of the new requirements for wood packaging material to meet ISPM 15 (2009) . No punitive action will be taken during this period. However, if live pests are detected, the shipment will be refused entry.
• Phase II written notifications: importers of non -compliant wood packaging material will receive written notices from CBSA officers indicating that their shipment will have to comply with the requirements
• Phase III: Full implementation for WPM and dunnage • The time frame is still being finalised, but full implementation will occur in January 2013 • CFIA will continue to inform key stakeholders and collaborate with USDA-APHIS as well as CBSA/CBP
4 Asian Long-horned Beetle (AHLB) & Citrus Long-horned Beetle (CLHB)
• ALHB and CLHB originate from China, Japan and Korea. • Both are quarantine pests to Canada and the U.S. • Canada considers 89 common genera of plants to be hosts • Nursery stock and wood packaging are high risk pathways for these pests • ALHB and CLHB have spread to other Asian countries and several countries of the EU. • ALHB is present and under eradication in restricted areas of the U.S. and near Toronto in Canada. • CLHB is not present in North America.
5 Asian Long-horned Beetle & Citrus Long- hdBtlhorned Beetle: North American perimeter approach
FOCUS: To prevent the introduction of these quarantine pests to North America and to minimize the impact on trade between the U.S. and Canada.
• Measures are already in place to minimize the risk of these insects entering North America with wood packaging (ISPM 15) • USDA and CFIA are working to implement equivalent import reqqpuirements for plants that are hosts of ALHB and CLHB
6 Asian Long-horned Beetle & Citrus Long- hdBtlhorned Beetle: CdiCanadian requi rement s
The Canadian ALHB/ CLHB directives are expected to be published early this fall • D-10-03: Phytosanitary requirements for non-manufactured and non- propagative wood products to prevent the introduction from the continental United States and spread within Canada of the Asian Long-horned Beetle , Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). • D-11-01: Phytosanitary Requirements for Plants for Planting and Fresh Decorative Branches to Prevent the Entry and Spread of Anoplophora spp.
7 Asian Long-horned Beetle Eradication 2003-2011 • First Detection in Toronto – Vaughan Sept 2003
•Risk Miti gati on Str at egy: • Ministerial Order established • Trees removed 2004: 15,000 trees 2005: 10, 000 trees 2006: 0 trees (no finds) 2007: 3,500 trees 2008: 200 trees 2009: 0 trees (no finds) 2010: 0 trees (no finds) 2011: surveys continue • Next Steps: • Continue surveys • Tree removal (if new detections) • Continue to work with partners • Continue scientific evaluation/research
8 CFIA Firewood ppyolicy
• New U.S. firewood regulations are in place
• CFIA has just completed a PRA on firewood, and will develop new firewood regulations similar to those from the U. S.
• Currently a firewood pathway modelling project is conducted together with the Canadian Forest Service, to model risks of spreading Forest Invasive Alien Species (FIAS) with firewood used in Provincial Parks
• CFIA is conducting a new national firewood risk awareness campaign, which highlights firewood as a pathway to introduce and spread FIAS in Canada
9 Emerald Ash Borer
• Ministerial Order • Ontario (2 areas) • Quebec (1 area) • OtOntari o-QbQuebec (1)(1 area)
• New Finds (outside currently regulated areas) • GtiGatineau • Prescott Russell County • Island of Montreal
• Updates • Amalgamation of regulated area in southern Ontario • Prohibition of Movement on new finds, until MO in place
• Ris k Mitigati on • Slow the Spread Strategy Long-term collaborative • Regulatory control & enforcement management approach – Ash tree materials, Firewood,Vehicles, amongst stakeholders needed tree trimmings and yard waste • Communication & public outreach Regulation is not the answer for EAB
10 Not Authorized Pending Pest Risk Analysis (NAPPRA) approach
• NAPPRA was formalized in Canada in the fall of 2009 with the publishing of D- 08-04 titled “Plant Protection Import Requirements for Plants and Plant Parts for Planting: Preventing the Entry and Spread of Regulated Plant Pests Associated with the Plants for Planting Pathway”. • Similar approach as described in the US Rule. • Allows the CFIA to take action in a timely and transparent manner when a plant is believed to be a pathway for a quarantine pest. • Initial list (Appendix 2 of D-08-04) based on existing requirements that were described in other CFIA policy directives and in Canada’s Automated Import Reference System (AIRS) as requiring ‘Prior Approval’. • Have added a few additional plant genera to the list in response to pests of potential quarantine concern (e.g. Aesculus spp. in response to the risk of Pseudomonas syringae p.v. aesculi). • Will continue to add new genera to the list as new pest risks are identified.
• Currently only includes plants that are potential hosts of quarantine pests
11 NAPPRA (()Cont’d)
• Triggers for addin g plants to NAPPRA can include:
• Pest alerts • Pests identified as beingggp of concern to trading partners • Pest interception • Review of scientific literature • New origgpins with unknown pest risk • Industry request to import potentially high risk plants with unknown risk (i.e. focus more on plants important to the Canadian environment and agricultural economy)
• Will seek to harmonize NAPPRA list with US list where feasible.
12 Canadian Greenhouse certification program (CGCP) and Draft Authorized Plant Genera
• CFIA conducted a consultation to notify Canadian stakeholders of planned changes to the Canada/US Greenhouse certification Program (GCP) and to solicit input on the contents of an authorized plant list that will replace plants currently excluded from the ppgrogram
• 15 years after inception, the GCP and the MoU between CFIA and USDA are outdated and need to be renewed . Current MoU expires in September 2011
• Once renewed MoU is signed, a transition period will be required diduring w hihCFIAliihich CFIA policies w illbill be rev ise d an dild implemen tdted
• Authorized plant list is currently under negotiation and not yet available for publication
13 Invasive Plants Program Overview Purpose: National approach to limit the introduction and spread of terrestrial plants that could significantly threaten Canada’s plant resource base • Horizontal program encompassing various sectors such as Horticulture, Field Crops, Forestry
Main Components • Invasive Plants Policy: applies to the import and, sometimes, domestic movement of ppppglants and plant parts designated as or sus pected as bein gpg potential pests under the Plant Protection Act and/or prohibited noxious weeds under the Weed Seeds Order of the Seeds Act • Stakeholder and Partner Engagement: consultations, education and awareness • Risk Analysis: same criteria and process used to determine regulatory status as for insects and pathogens • Implementation of import and domestic phytosanitary measures
14 Invasive Plants Program – Status and Plan • Canadian stakeholder consultations on Invasive Plants ppyolicy, Least Wanted Plants pilot project and Canadian Invasive Plants Framework are complete Fall • Publish and implement Invasive Plants Policy 2011 • Regulatory decision documents • Add several plant species to the List of Regulated Pests (e.g., woolly cupgrass, jointed goatgrass, silverleaf nightshade, mile-a-minute, kudzu, echium, etc. ) • Where feasible, continue official control (i.e. slowing spread, site-specific eradication) of recently introduced invasive plant species • Continued risk analyses of invasive plants, survey and testing activities • Develop and implement procedures, phytosanitary measures, directives, training and outreach materials • On-going, routine stakeholder consulconsultationstations and awareness of invasive plants program implementation and other IAS activities Spring • Continued engagement with Canadian and international partners (e.g. U.S.) 2012 • Monitor and modify Invasive Plants Program
15 Tuta absoluta- Tomato leaf miner
• CFIA i s d evel opi ng equi val ent i mport requi rement s, will continue to work with USDA & supports a North American perimeter approach for this pest
• Recent detections in Panama are concerning
• CFIA is participating in the NAPPO Technical Advisory group on Tuta absoluta in an effort to harmonize survey protocols between North and Central America
16 Plum Pox Virus
2010 Survey highlights
• Total of 919 453 orchard samples and 683 residential samples were collected with 211 positive detections.
• Slight increase in the number of positives. Since 2088 the number of positives has slightly risen each year
• Only one quarantine area: Niagara peninsula (Ontario)
• 2011 Federal Government budget indicated a monitoring and management program for PPV will be adopted with $17 million to be allocated over five years. • As wi t h ot her management programs, t here w ill be lim ite d Fe dera l government involvement. Provincial Governments will have an increased role to reduce PPV impact. • Canada will continue to collect samppgppyqles along the periphery of the quarantine area to determine if PPV is spreading. • Movement restrictions of regulated material outside of the quarantine area will be maintained. • Research will be conducted as a part of the program to assist and enhance the development of best management practices for PPV. 17 Potato Cyst Nematode
PCN continues to be a high priority for the Agency • Approximately 229,900 samples collected and analysed from 2006-2010. • Approximately 49,300 soil samples have been collected and analysed in 2010 with no detection. • Approximately 54,000 soil samples are estimated to be collected and analysed in 2011 to support national / export certification surveys and on- going surveillance activities in regulated areas. No new detection since 2007 • Provi iisions in p lace to deregu ltlate assoc itdfildflliated fields follow ing itintens ive negative surveys.
• Only 2 fields in Alberta remain regulated. • Presentl y, in the second year o f ext ensi ve surveyi ng in the PCN regu la te d area of British Columbia.
• No PCN detected to date
18 Khapra beetle
• Quarantine Pest of Canada • The most destructive pest of grain and stored product pests in the world • Not present in North America • CdCanada an dthUSjthitihihKhidttdd the U.S. reject shipments in which Khapra is detected
• Recent Interceptions by USDA-APHIS • Since April, a number of shipments of various bagged grain commodities re- exportdfted from C anad a h ave b een rej ect tdbthUSfed by the U.S. for the presence o f Khapra beetle, alive, dead, or insect parts.
• Regulation of Rice Imports by USDA-APHIS • The U . S. Federal Order went into effect July 30 • All rice originating from infested countries requires a phytosanitary certificate and an additional declaration, supported by inspection of shipments • CFIA may receive a significant number of requests to issue phytosanitary or re- export phytosanitary certificates to facilitate re-exports of rice to the USA • Potential Regulation by Canada • Align with USDA requirements to facilitate rice re-exports to U.S. • Development of a new CFIA directive regulating imports of grain/grain products • WTO notification
19 Heterodera glycines - Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN)
• SCN is a regulated quarantine pest of Canada • The CFIA regulates imports of soybean seed, plants, and plant material • SCN was first detected in 1987, and currently reported widespread in Ontario • Official surveys conducted, through soil sampling, in main soybean production areas (Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba)
• 2011 Consultation on SCN De-regulation in Canada • In February 2011 , the CFIA circulated a Risk Management Discussion document, proposing de-regulation of SCN, for stakeholder consultation • Some stakeholders have not supported this approach • Further consultations will be held later this summer and fall • A regulatory decision on SCN will be finalized following these consultations
20 Grain Screeningg() Pellets (GSP)
• GSPs • GSPs are a processed product manufactured from grain screenings, the by- product of grain cleaning • GSPs are ma de from a process invo lv ing m illing, hea t, s team, an d pressure • The end use of GSPs is primarily animal feed (small amounts for biofuel)
• New U.S. requirements implemented in 2011 • Pro hibited ent ry of GSP s f rom C anad a i mpor ted as lives toc k fee d • Implementation delayed at request of CFIA to allow for approval of facilities in Canada manufacturing GSPs in a manner that devitalizes all seeds • Program developed to meet U.S. requirements • Facility registration with the CFIA • Annual audit of the pellet-making process and testing for viable weed seeds
21 International Movement of Grain Workshop
• Workshop will be used as a scoping exercise for a proposed ISPM related to the bulk movement of grain in international trade
• Such a workshop was deemed required given the possible breadth of the standard
• A workshop is scheduled to take place in Vancouver in December 2011. More information is available at www.nappo.org
22 Comments and Questions
Thank you
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