Canada Report 2011 National Plant Board Meeting, Denver, CO

Greg Stubbings, Chief Plant Health Officer Canadian Food Inspection Agency Augus t 8 , 2011 Report 2010-2011 Todayyp’s presentation includes: • Proposed removal of ISPM 15 exemption between the US and Canada • Asian long-horned beetle (ALHB) and Citrus long-horned beetle, including ALHB eradication program • CFIA Firewood Policy • Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) • Canadian Not Authorized Pendinggypp Pest Risk Analysis Approach • Canadian Greenhouse Certification Program and Draft authorized plant genera • Invasive Plant Policy • absoluta- • Plum Pox Virus (PPV) • Cyst Nematode (PCN) • Khapra beetle • Soybean cyst nematode • Grain screeninggp pellets • International Movement of Grain Workshop

2 Proposed termination of ISPM 15 Exemption for WPM between Canada and the US

• To further ppprevent the introduction and spread of forest pests of quarantine concern associated with WPM • Both countries have a growing number of newly introduced quarantine pests (e.g. Emerald Ash Borer) • Too difficult to regulate only WPM with questionable tree species components (e.g. Fraxinus spp. for EAB) • A Risk Management Documents (RMD) was developed (Sept. 2009) to substantiate the need for the removal of the exemption

3 Proposed termination of ISPM 15 Exemption for WPM between Canada and the US

• CFIA and USDA-APHIS have agreed to the implementation of ISPM 15Cdi/USiiWPMibtCd15 on Canadian/US origin WPM moving between Canada an dthUSd the US • Proposed phase-in approach: • Phase 1 Education: Information will be provided to industry and importers of the new requirements for wood packaging material to meet ISPM 15 (2009) . No punitive action will be taken during this period. However, if live pests are detected, the shipment will be refused entry.

• Phase II written notifications: importers of non -compliant wood packaging material will receive written notices from CBSA officers indicating that their shipment will have to comply with the requirements

• Phase III: Full implementation for WPM and dunnage • The time frame is still being finalised, but full implementation will occur in January 2013 • CFIA will continue to inform key stakeholders and collaborate with USDA-APHIS as well as CBSA/CBP

4 Asian Long-horned Beetle (AHLB) & Citrus Long-horned Beetle (CLHB)

• ALHB and CLHB originate from , Japan and Korea. • Both are quarantine pests to Canada and the U.S. • Canada considers 89 common genera of plants to be hosts • Nursery stock and wood packaging are high risk pathways for these pests • ALHB and CLHB have spread to other Asian countries and several countries of the EU. • ALHB is present and under eradication in restricted areas of the U.S. and near Toronto in Canada. • CLHB is not present in North America.

5 Asian Long-horned Beetle & Citrus Long- hdBtlhorned Beetle: North American perimeter approach

FOCUS: To prevent the introduction of these quarantine pests to North America and to minimize the impact on trade between the U.S. and Canada.

• Measures are already in place to minimize the risk of these entering North America with wood packaging (ISPM 15) • USDA and CFIA are working to implement equivalent import reqqpuirements for plants that are hosts of ALHB and CLHB

6 Asian Long-horned Beetle & Citrus Long- hdBtlhorned Beetle: CdiCanadian requi rement s

The Canadian ALHB/ CLHB directives are expected to be published early this fall • D-10-03: Phytosanitary requirements for non-manufactured and non- propagative wood products to prevent the introduction from the continental and spread within Canada of the Asian Long-horned Beetle , Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). • D-11-01: Phytosanitary Requirements for Plants for Planting and Fresh Decorative Branches to Prevent the Entry and Spread of Anoplophora spp.

7 Asian Long-horned Beetle Eradication 2003-2011 • First Detection in Toronto – Vaughan Sept 2003

•Risk Miti gati on Str at egy: • Ministerial Order established • Trees removed 2004: 15,000 trees 2005: 10, 000 trees 2006: 0 trees (no finds) 2007: 3,500 trees 2008: 200 trees 2009: 0 trees (no finds) 2010: 0 trees (no finds) 2011: surveys continue • Next Steps: • Continue surveys • Tree removal (if new detections) • Continue to work with partners • Continue scientific evaluation/research

8 CFIA Firewood ppyolicy

• New U.S. firewood regulations are in place

• CFIA has just completed a PRA on firewood, and will develop new firewood regulations similar to those from the U. S.

• Currently a firewood pathway modelling project is conducted together with the Canadian Forest Service, to model risks of spreading Forest Invasive Alien Species (FIAS) with firewood used in Provincial Parks

• CFIA is conducting a new national firewood risk awareness campaign, which highlights firewood as a pathway to introduce and spread FIAS in Canada

9 Emerald Ash Borer

• Ministerial Order • Ontario (2 areas) • Quebec (1 area) • OtOntari o-QbQuebec (1)(1 area)

• New Finds (outside currently regulated areas) • GtiGatineau • Prescott Russell County • Island of Montreal

• Updates • Amalgamation of regulated area in southern Ontario • Prohibition of Movement on new finds, until MO in place

• Ris k Mitigati on • Slow the Spread Strategy Long-term collaborative • Regulatory control & enforcement management approach – Ash tree materials, Firewood,Vehicles, amongst stakeholders needed tree trimmings and yard waste • Communication & public outreach Regulation is not the answer for EAB

10 Not Authorized Pending Pest Risk Analysis (NAPPRA) approach

• NAPPRA was formalized in Canada in the fall of 2009 with the publishing of D- 08-04 titled “Plant Protection Import Requirements for Plants and Plant Parts for Planting: Preventing the Entry and Spread of Regulated Plant Pests Associated with the Plants for Planting Pathway”. • Similar approach as described in the US Rule. • Allows the CFIA to take action in a timely and transparent manner when a plant is believed to be a pathway for a quarantine pest. • Initial list (Appendix 2 of D-08-04) based on existing requirements that were described in other CFIA policy directives and in Canada’s Automated Import Reference System (AIRS) as requiring ‘Prior Approval’. • Have added a few additional plant genera to the list in response to pests of potential quarantine concern (e.g. Aesculus spp. in response to the risk of Pseudomonas syringae p.v. aesculi). • Will continue to add new genera to the list as new pest risks are identified.

• Currently only includes plants that are potential hosts of quarantine pests

11 NAPPRA (()Cont’d)

• Triggers for addin g plants to NAPPRA can include:

• Pest alerts • Pests identified as beingggp of concern to trading partners • Pest interception • Review of scientific literature • New origgpins with unknown pest risk • Industry request to import potentially high risk plants with unknown risk (i.e. focus more on plants important to the Canadian environment and agricultural economy)

• Will seek to harmonize NAPPRA list with US list where feasible.

12 Canadian Greenhouse certification program (CGCP) and Draft Authorized Plant Genera

• CFIA conducted a consultation to notify Canadian stakeholders of planned changes to the Canada/US Greenhouse certification Program (GCP) and to solicit input on the contents of an authorized plant list that will replace plants currently excluded from the ppgrogram

• 15 years after inception, the GCP and the MoU between CFIA and USDA are outdated and need to be renewed . Current MoU expires in September 2011

• Once renewed MoU is signed, a transition period will be required diduring w hihCFIAliihich CFIA policies w illbill be rev ise d an dild implemen tdted

• Authorized plant list is currently under negotiation and not yet available for publication

13 Invasive Plants Program Overview Purpose: National approach to limit the introduction and spread of terrestrial plants that could significantly threaten Canada’s plant resource base • Horizontal program encompassing various sectors such as Horticulture, Field Crops, Forestry

Main Components • Invasive Plants Policy: applies to the import and, sometimes, domestic movement of ppppglants and plant parts designated as or sus pected as bein gpg potential pests under the Plant Protection Act and/or prohibited noxious weeds under the Weed Seeds Order of the Seeds Act • Stakeholder and Partner Engagement: consultations, education and awareness • Risk Analysis: same criteria and process used to determine regulatory status as for insects and pathogens • Implementation of import and domestic phytosanitary measures

14 Invasive Plants Program – Status and Plan • Canadian stakeholder consultations on Invasive Plants ppyolicy, Least Wanted Plants pilot project and Canadian Invasive Plants Framework are complete Fall • Publish and implement Invasive Plants Policy 2011 • Regulatory decision documents • Add several plant species to the List of Regulated Pests (e.g., woolly cupgrass, jointed goatgrass, silverleaf nightshade, mile-a-minute, kudzu, echium, etc. ) • Where feasible, continue official control (i.e. slowing spread, site-specific eradication) of recently introduced invasive plant species • Continued risk analyses of invasive plants, survey and testing activities • Develop and implement procedures, phytosanitary measures, directives, training and outreach materials • On-going, routine stakeholder consulconsultationstations and awareness of invasive plants program implementation and other IAS activities Spring • Continued engagement with Canadian and international partners (e.g. U.S.) 2012 • Monitor and modify Invasive Plants Program

15 Tuta absoluta- Tomato leaf miner

• CFIA i s d evel opi ng equi val ent i mport requi rement s, will continue to work with USDA & supports a North American perimeter approach for this pest

• Recent detections in Panama are concerning

• CFIA is participating in the NAPPO Technical Advisory group on Tuta absoluta in an effort to harmonize survey protocols between North and

16 Plum Pox Virus

2010 Survey highlights

• Total of 919 453 orchard samples and 683 residential samples were collected with 211 positive detections.

• Slight increase in the number of positives. Since 2088 the number of positives has slightly risen each year

• Only one quarantine area: Niagara peninsula (Ontario)

• 2011 Federal Government budget indicated a monitoring and management program for PPV will be adopted with $17 million to be allocated over five years. • As wi t h ot her management programs, t here w ill be lim ite d Fe dera l government involvement. Provincial Governments will have an increased role to reduce PPV impact. • Canada will continue to collect samppgppyqles along the periphery of the quarantine area to determine if PPV is spreading. • Movement restrictions of regulated material outside of the quarantine area will be maintained. • Research will be conducted as a part of the program to assist and enhance the development of best management practices for PPV. 17 Potato Cyst Nematode

PCN continues to be a high priority for the Agency • Approximately 229,900 samples collected and analysed from 2006-2010. • Approximately 49,300 soil samples have been collected and analysed in 2010 with no detection. • Approximately 54,000 soil samples are estimated to be collected and analysed in 2011 to support national / export certification surveys and on- going surveillance activities in regulated areas. No new detection since 2007 • Provi iisions in p lace to deregu ltlate assoc itdfildflliated fields follow ing itintens ive negative surveys.

• Only 2 fields in Alberta remain regulated. • Presentl y, in the second year o f ext ensi ve surveyi ng in the PCN regu la te d area of British Columbia.

• No PCN detected to date

18 Khapra beetle

• Quarantine Pest of Canada • The most destructive pest of grain and stored product pests in the world • Not present in North America • CdCanada an dthUSjthitihihKhidttdd the U.S. reject shipments in which Khapra is detected

• Recent Interceptions by USDA-APHIS • Since April, a number of shipments of various bagged grain commodities re- exportdfted from C anad a h ave b een rej ect tdbthUSfed by the U.S. for the presence o f Khapra beetle, alive, dead, or parts.

• Regulation of Rice Imports by USDA-APHIS • The U . S. Federal Order went into effect July 30 • All rice originating from infested countries requires a phytosanitary certificate and an additional declaration, supported by inspection of shipments • CFIA may receive a significant number of requests to issue phytosanitary or re- export phytosanitary certificates to facilitate re-exports of rice to the USA • Potential Regulation by Canada • Align with USDA requirements to facilitate rice re-exports to U.S. • Development of a new CFIA directive regulating imports of grain/grain products • WTO notification

19 Heterodera glycines - Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN)

• SCN is a regulated quarantine pest of Canada • The CFIA regulates imports of soybean seed, plants, and plant material • SCN was first detected in 1987, and currently reported widespread in Ontario • Official surveys conducted, through soil sampling, in main soybean production areas (Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba)

• 2011 Consultation on SCN De-regulation in Canada • In February 2011 , the CFIA circulated a Risk Management Discussion document, proposing de-regulation of SCN, for stakeholder consultation • Some stakeholders have not supported this approach • Further consultations will be held later this summer and fall • A regulatory decision on SCN will be finalized following these consultations

20 Grain Screeningg() Pellets (GSP)

• GSPs • GSPs are a processed product manufactured from grain screenings, the by- product of grain cleaning • GSPs are ma de from a process invo lv ing m illing, hea t, s team, an d pressure • The end use of GSPs is primarily feed (small amounts for biofuel)

• New U.S. requirements implemented in 2011 • Pro hibited ent ry of GSP s f rom C anad a i mpor ted as lives toc k fee d • Implementation delayed at request of CFIA to allow for approval of facilities in Canada manufacturing GSPs in a manner that devitalizes all seeds • Program developed to meet U.S. requirements • Facility registration with the CFIA • Annual audit of the pellet-making process and testing for viable weed seeds

21 International Movement of Grain Workshop

• Workshop will be used as a scoping exercise for a proposed ISPM related to the bulk movement of grain in international trade

• Such a workshop was deemed required given the possible breadth of the standard

• A workshop is scheduled to take place in Vancouver in December 2011. More information is available at www.nappo.org

22 Comments and Questions

Thank you

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