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78 80 73 75 77 79 76 66 67 68 74 69 70 71 72 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 63 64 65 51 52 53 54 61 42 43 44 49 37 40 41 46 48 45 47 50 38 1. When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully dropout in grade school. Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go 31 32 for a master’s degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and its famous law of diminishing returns 26 30 begins to take effect. 27 33 34 Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full 35 professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24,000. While the full 28 36 professors managed to earn just $23,030. A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get. Except you will face a dim future. There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world. Poster: Stuart Bailey & Frances Stark 39 24 29 If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political 23 25 science or languages or—worst of all—in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.

out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns. You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the

According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who: A) will not be a disgrace to society 21 B) will become loyal citizens C) can take care of themselves 16 D) can meet the nation’s demands as a source of manpower The nation is only interested in people: A) with diplomas B) who specialize in physics and chemistry 15 C) who are valuable to the gross national product 8 D) both A and C 14 17 The writer sees education as: country’s demands for technical workers B) a way to broaden one’s horizons 13 18 D) an opportunity that everyone should have Which of the following is not true? Text: excerpt from an English Reading Comprehension Test, 12 20 http://202.117.13.233/Englishonline/zhxl/YDXL/cet4reading/4read1.asp 9 B) One must think carefully before pursuing a masters degree. C) The higher your education level, the more money you will earn. 11 D) If you are too well-educated, you’ll be overeducated for society’s demands. 19 ON THE FUTURE OF ART SCHOOL SATURDAY JANUARY 27 2007 10 GIN D. WONG AUDITORIUM, HARRIS HALL 101, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA A SYMPOSIUM MEANT TO OFFER ARTISTS, STUDENTS AND EDUCATORS A FORUM TO SERIOUSLY CONSIDER WHAT WE WANT OUR SCHOOLS TO BE, WHAT WE WANT THEM TO DO; HERE’S AN OPPORTUNITY TO FREELY IMAGINE WHAT SHOULD BE DONE, UNHINDERED BY 22 ADMINISTRATIVE WORRIES ABOUT WHAT CAN’T POSSIBLY BE DONE A ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION IN 3 PARTS : THE MEANING AND VALUE OF DEGREES / BETWEEN THE MARKET & THE ACADEMY / TOWARDS A CRITICAL FACULTY MAI ABU ELDAHAB, JAN VERWOERT, HOWARD SINGERMAN, LANE RELYEA & ROBERT LINSLEY * / MODERATED BY FRANCES STARK, STUART BAILEY & STUDENTS A RELATED PUBLICATION “PRIMER” IS AVAILABLE TO BUY (CHEAP) AS A BOOK OR DOWNLOAD AS PDFs FROM www.lulu.com USC GAYLE GARNER ROSKI SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS, WATT HALL 104 UNIVERSITY PARK CAMPUS, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90089-0292 Tel 213.740.2787, http://roski.usc.edu/symposium

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1 Photo of Bobby taken by the artist in El Sereno, near 15 Frances, age 13, practicing for cheerleading tryouts 26 Still from Ingmar Bergman’s fi lm adaptation of 39 Urban dictionary defi nition of Spanish slang ‘puta 52 Found image of childbirth showing the entire head of 67 Shawn Mortensen, several of whose iconic portraits of his home in Los Angeles. for Serrano Middle School whose team was The Mozart’s Magic fl ute. madre’. ‘Puta’ means ‘fuck’ or ‘bitch’, and ‘madre’ the infant emerging from the mother’s vagina. rap legends appear here, was a friend of the artist since Conquistadors. Photo by DeWayne Stark. means ‘mother’. Together they form an expletive high school. He took his own life 2009. 2 Photo taken by Lil Mikey, aka Ghost (now deceased) 27 Iconic portrait of Tupac Shakur taken by Shawn meaning ‘holy shit’ or ‘motherfucker’. In some regions, 53 On September 5, 1989 president George H. W. Bush of ‘Bobby’, age 15, posing with an AK-47 on one of his 16 Parable: An old lady discovers a snake mangled on the Mortensen in 1993. Tupac’s tattoo, ‘THUG LIFE’, is adding the singular article ‘la’ changes the meaning to (former director of the C.I.A.) appeared on television 68 Professor Frances Stark serving as Marshall for Roski ‘home trips’ allowed during an 18 month stay in a boy’s side of the road. She brings it home, nurses it back to an acronym for ‘The Hate U Give Little Infants Fucks a compliment. presenting a bag of crack cocaine as a prop in a speech School of Art at USC’s commencement ceremony. home operating within the juvenile justice system. health, grows quite fond of the snake and treats him like Everyone’. meant to garner support for the nation’s war on drugs. a pet. Once recovered he bites her and she cries out ‘Why 40 Edith Clifford, ‘Champion Sword Swallower of the The speech also can come across as an infomercial for 69 USC mascot Tommy Trojan in victory pose. 3 Saint Mary Magdalene by Gregor Erhart, c. 1515–20, did you do that!?’ and he answers ‘Lady, I’m a snake.’ 28 David with the Head of Goliath, 1597–98, Amerighi World’, lived 1886–1942 this inexpensive form of cocaine. The Louvre. Caravaggio (Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna) 70 The term ‘b/w’ means ‘backed with’ and refers to the 17 Evidence presented to the artist by a camp counselor on 41 GEOCORP, one of the largest for-profi t prison corpora- 54 Snapshot of Bobby with lil Mikey, aka Ghost, who was b-side or fl ipside of vinyl single releases, the A-side 4 An augmented found drawing depicting ‘crowning,’ the which is written her son’s name with a note to *TALK 29 Mark Leckey in the Long Tail, a performance at the tions gave money to the University of Florida sparking shot and killed at age 15 directly in front of the artist’s being the projected hit. moment in childbirth when the head fi rst appears. TO PARENTS*. Inside the bag is contraband (purloined Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, on January controversy about having their name on a college son’s Montessori school in Echo Park in 2005. from his mother). 31, 2009 (Photo: Mark Blower). The ‘Long Tail’ de- stadium. 71 See [70] 5 See [3] scribes a distribution model in contradistinction to the 55 Portrait of Frances Stark by Shawn Mortensen, 1994. 18 Page from USC’s magazine announcing the $75 ‘head’ or the mainstream. E.g. the Kardashians (head) 42 Ricky Ross was a drug kingpin with connections to 72 Photo of Bobby and the artist’s son taken in her studio. 6 Bobby, in the studio, ready for a job interview at a million gift to create ‘The Jimmy Iovine and Andre vs. UbuWeb (tail). both the Nicuaraguan Contras and the CIA, best known 56 The Murder of Christ by Wilhelm Reich, 1953. medical marijuana clinic. Young Academy for Arts, Technology and Business of for his role in the evolution of cocaine into crack. Rick 73 Saint Veronica (‘true icon’) seen in a detail from Christ Innovation.’ Iovine and Young (aka Dr. Dre) are part- 30 Poster for 2011 performance Put a Song in your Thing, Ross, a former correctional facilities offi cer-turned-rap- 57 Magdalena, by Gheorghe Tattarescu, 19th c. Carrying the Cross, 1446, Biagio d’Antonio 8 Illustration showing Christians being tortured and ners in the company that sells Beats by Dre headphones. featuring Skerrit Bwoy with the artist Frances Stark. per, re-named himself after the legendary fi gure. killed in the Roman Coliseum. Photo by Nadya Wasylko 58 Portrait of Bobby by the artist, 2012. The likeness to 74 DJ Quik headlined the ‘West Coast Fest’ 3/21/13 and 19 From: Schiff, Karen L. ‘Slow Reveal.’ Art in America. 43 Three ostensible gangbangers being arrested by a Magdalena [57] is purely coincidental. announced he’d be leaving the music business at the end 9 Conquistadors (‘conquerors’) were soldiers who colo- June/July. 2013: p. 51. Caption: Martin in her New 31 The Book of David is the 8th studio album by Los L A P D o f fi c e r . of the year. nized the Americas with hopes of winning souls for God York studio, 1960. Photo: Alexander Liberman. Angeles-based artist, DJ Quik, released by Mad Science 59 Illustration by Arthur Robins taken from the 1977 while extracting great riches. They were responsible for in 2011. 44 Form signed by patient, Frances Stark, declining per- book Where Did I Come From? written by Peter 75 Portrait of Biggie Smalls, aka Notorious B.I.G. (née the near extermination of the native population. 20 A symposium offering artists, students and educators a mission for USC medical students to be present while Mayle, ‘The facts of life without any nonsense and with Christopher George Latore Wallace, b. 1972) taken by forum to seriously consider what we want our schools 32 Matisse and his Model, by Brassaï, 1930 the doctor performs her routine gynecological exam. illustrations’. Shawn Mortensen on March 8, 1997, the day before he 10 Photograph of the artist’s son taken by Bobby in front to be, and do; an opportunity to freely imagine what was shot and killed in Los Angeles. of his grandmother’s house in East Los Angeles, across should be done, unhindered by administrative worries 33 Father Gregory Boyle, founder of Homeboy Industries 45 Cupid Making His Arch, c. 1533–1535, Parmigianino 60 1992 Portrait of Dr. Dre (née Andre Young, b. 1965) by from General Hospital and USC Medical Center. about what can’t possibly be done. Organized by the in Los Angeles, talking with a homie. Shawn Mortensen 76 Photo of Bobby’s best friend, now deceased, appearing artist, poster designed with Stuart Bailey. 46 The bible tells of the shepherd David slaying the giant as screensaver. 18 year old Jonathan Hurtado, aka J. 11 A glass Pyrex measuring cup is a well-known tool used 34 Shawn Mortensen’s 1994 portrait of Ice Cube (a Philistine warrior Goliath. Today, ‘philistine’ means 61 Image taken from a blog poking fun at a guy who Gutta, was shot four times by a rival gang member in in process of turning cocaine into crack 21 Building of Castle Khawarnaq, wherein the chamber of founding member of N.W.A.) pictured reading the one who is hostile or indifferent to culture and the arts, posted on the free online dating site OK Cupid. East Los Angeles in March, 2007. the seven icons will be hidden, by Bihzâd autobiography of Dick Gregory. or who has no understanding of them. 12 Illustration of a scene in Cervantes’ novel Don Quixote 62 DJ Quik, nee David Blake (b. 1970) (photo credit 77 Internet meme originating from a song on Dr. Dre’s (1605), in which the titular protagonist (now synony- 22 Etching by Anton Lehmden, Colosseum, 1959–61, from 35 Bobby assisting in the artist’s studio, cutting out bullet 47 See [45] unverifi able) 1992 album The Chronic, in which Snoop Dogg sings mous with foolish idealism) encounters young Andres, The Grunwald Collection, The Hammer Museum holes to be used in a collage. ‘Bitches ain’t shit but hos and tricks’. a picaro (young rogue), strapped to a tree being beaten 48 Bobby assisting in the artist’s studio. 63 Christ Giving His Blessing, Hans Memling 1478 by his master. Quixote exhorts the master to be fair and 23 The mascot of the University of Southern California 36 Photo of Bobby, my son, and his two best friends 78 Portrait of the artist’s son by Shawn Mortensen, 2005. stop his beating, and he complies, only to start up again is Tommy Trojan scene here atop his horse named spray-painting on cardboard in my studio parking lot 49 The motto of Homeboy Industries is ‘Nothing stops a 64 El Lazarillo de Tormes, 1808–1812 by Francisco Goya. once the knight is out of sight. Like all poor boys in the ‘Traveler’ at USC’s home stadium, the Los Angeles overlooking The LA County Jail, aka Twin Towers. bullet like a job’. Founder and director Father ‘G’ gave El Lazarillo de Tormes is the name of a Spanish pica- 79 Bobby and the artist’s son in Hollenbeck Park, 2012 Spanish picaresque literary tradition, while blatantly Memorial Coliseum. Bobby his fi rst job as an errand boy at age 13. resque novel. the victim of exploitation, Andres is still no angel. 37 Frances Stark reads Flannery O’Conner’s Parker’s 80 Artist’s son inadvertently making a Jesus hand signal 24 A Crip fi ghts a Blood on a Los Angeles street. Back while modeling for her drawing class at USC with 50 Document showing technique used to ‘resurrect’ 2Pac 65 L’Origine du Monde (The Origin of the World), 1866 while wearing his DGK ‘I ❤ Haters!’ hat. The statement 13 Sketch of Bobby made by a student during a live modeling Bobby and his childhood friend Mr. Martin. for a popular annual music festival. 2Pac—deceased Gustave Courbet meant to imply that envy is a motivation factor could session in Prof. Stark’s intermediate drawing class at USC. 25 Mi Madre de los Angeles by Fabian Debora, 2009 since ’96—performed ‘live’ onstage in the form of a also be read as an attitude of love in the face of hate. reproduced for the cover of Jorja Leap’s Jumped In: 38 Message from Bobby to the artist (whose nickname hologram. 66 Ad for Dirty Ghetto Kids, or DGK, a clothing 14 From The Book of Genesis Illustrated by R. Crumb. What Gangs Taught Me About Violence, Drugs, Love, since infancy is Beanie): ‘beans, you a n***a now so you company my son became familiar with because of their 81 The Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2009. and Redemption. Massachusets: Beacon Press, 2012. better harden up and stop acting like a lil soft cake’ 51 Edith Clifford, ‘Champion Sword Swallower’ ‘I ❤ Haters!’ hats. Diego Rivera, 1931 The iconic portraits of Tupac, All quotes attributed to Father G Ice Cube, Dr. Dre, and Biggie, as are taken from Father Gregory Boyle’s well as portraits of me and my son, book, Tattoos on the Heart: The Power were all taken by the artist Shawn of Boundless Compassion, published Mortensen, a friend since high school, by Free Press, a division of Simon who tragically took his own life with a & Schuster. Boyle, a Jesuit, is the gun in 2009. I’m continually moved founder of Homeboy Industries—an by his fearlessness and his romantic organization that serves high-risk, idealism embodied in the work. A formerly gang-involved men and collection of his photographs, Shawn women with a continuum of free Mortensen: Out of Mind, was published services and programs, and operates by Abrams Image in 2007 with a seven social enterprises that serve as foreword by Glenn O’Brien and an job-training sites. He is affectionately— afterword by Richard Prince. My copy and ironically—referred to as Father G bears this inscription: ‘For Frances & (‘G’ being slang for ‘Gangster’). Arlo! Oh My Beanie! We’ve been friends for 23 years of full on LIFE! Let’s look Jonathan Hurtado, 18, described forward to 50 wonderful years!’ by police as Latino and by medical examiners as black, was shot in a A note on the music: DJ Quik is a park at 127 South Pecan St. in Boyle legendary west coast artist out of Heights, and died at 7:29 p.m. March Compton, California whose music 2, 2007. Hurtado’s attacker, another career took off in 1991. The two songs Latino youth who walked or bicycled up sampled here are: Catch-22, from his to him, said, ‘Hey, homie, what’s up?’ 2005 album Trauma, and Fire and then shot him four times. Jonathan, Brimstone, from his 2011 album The aka J Gutta was the best friend of Book of David. Twice onstage in the Bobby, aka G Business. last year I’ve seen him announce that he’s retiring at the end of the year. Bobby Jesus’s Alma Mater b/w Reading The Book of David Enormous fan that I am, I hope he and/or Paying Attention is Free, Frances Stark, 2013. changes his mind about that, yet at the Designed by Frances Stark and Chris Svensson with same time I eagerly await the results of the assistance of Andrew La Costa and Sydney Schrader, whatever transformation he may have and the generous encouragement of Daniel Bauman and the Carnegie Museum of Art. underway. It doesn’t seem possible to stop being an artist. Printed by Reed & Witting, Pittsburgh dmit something: be ‘rather heavy’? Navage- tireless advocate for their umbilical cords when n Africa they say ‘a person poet Jack Gilbert writes, ‘The Everyone you see, you ro, d’Anghiera, and Oviedo children and youth in they’re born. becomes a person through pregnant heart is driven to Asay to them, ‘Love me.’ had a right to be confound- A the system had told Francisco de Quevedo, The Iother people.’ There can hopes that are the wrong size Of course you do not do this ed: they were encountering me ‘they come into the [LA Swindler be no doubt that the homies for this world.’ The strategy out loud; otherwise, some- a novel form of matter. The County Department of Pro- have returned me to myself. and stance of Jesus was con- one would call the cops. balls were made of rubber. bation] camps maybe slight- y pride as a man dis- I’ve learned, with their pa- sistent in that it was always Still though, think about Charles C. Mann, 1493: ly involved with gangs and solved and my whole tient guidance, to worship out of step with the world. this, this great pull in us to Uncovering the New World come out full-fl edged gang- Mfragile moral struc- Christ as He lives in them. Jesus defi ed all the categories connect. Why not become Columbus Created bangers.’ I know the rest. At ture seemed to collapse, com- Father G upon which the world insist- the one who lives with a some point many will wind pletely shattered. That is why ed: good-evil, success-failure, full moon in each eye, that ou have to listen to up in graduate school—the I started to write. To save erhaps if we can break pure-impure. Surely, He was is always saying—with that The Book of David California Prison system. myself. I realized that no one Jesus out of religion, an equal-opportunity ‘pisser- sweet moon language— Y a few times to hear Jorja Leap could save me but myself. The Pfree him from creeds, off-er’ in this regard. what every other eye in this everything that’s going prison authorities were both doctrines and dogmas, we Father G world is dying to hear. on. There’s a lot of nuanc- wenty years of this uninterested and unable to can once again hear his in- Hafez (via Father G.) es in this album. Check it work has taught me help me. I had to seek out the vitation to enter the God ex- he real source of trou- out on vinyl. There’s a lot Tthat God has greater truth and unravel the snarled perience known in the full- ble is the bourgeois n his General and Nat- of movement with the wow comfort with inverting cate- web of my motivations. ness of life. That is the Jesus Tclaim to be the ‘Party ural History of the In- and flutter. But I don’t gories than I do. What is suc- Eldridge Cleaver, Soul on Ice I seek. He neither was nor is of Order’ in modern politics Idies (1535), the first ac- know if people are real- cess and what is failure? What a miracle worker. He did not and culture. The immense count of Spain’s foray into ly into that anymore, you is good and what is bad? Set- iterally speaking, an walk on water, heal the sick, amounts of money and ener- the Americas, he tried to know, like art for art’s back or progress? Great stock ‘aesthete’ is defi ned or raise the dead. Rather, in gy put into building, and the describe bouncing, a term these days […] is placed in ev- Lsimply as ‘one who per- self-consciously monumental not then in the Spanish idence-based outcomes. ceives’. Perception and character of so much of language: ‘These People, funders its resulting un- this building, tes- balls jump in particu- derstanding, tify to the sin- m u c h lar, want or mean- cerity and m o r e t o i n g serious- than n e s s o f

o u r this hol- claim. l o w know if -mak- And yet, b a l l s — by what you ing, is the the truth of far—because do ‘works.’ Are most basic, im- the matter, as even if they are only you, in the end, suc- mediate and FREE Marx sees, is that ev- let slip from the hand to the cessful? Naturally, I fi nd activity everybody has the erything that bourgeois soci- ground, they rise much fur- sake? They don’t get myself heartened by Moth- capacity to derive joy from. his radical humanity, ety builds, is built to be torn ther than they started, and it. Like I say, my talents er Teresa’s take: ‘We are not I’m talking about aesthetic he lived out the meaning of down. ‘All that is solid’—from they make a jump, and then are being wasted on hip- called to be successful but experience, not consumption God and caused those who the clothes on our backs to the another and another, and hop right now. There are faithful.’ This distinction is or getting a fi x from the type glimpsed his life or felt his looms and mills that weave many more, decreasing in other places where I can be helpful. […] Salivating for of entertainment that tends to power to exclaim, ‘God was them, to the men and women height by itself, like hollow more prominent. success keeps you from being want to do the perceiving for in Christ,’ and thus God, the who work the machines, to the balls, but more so.’ Indians DJ Quik faithful, keeps you from tru- you ahead of time. gospel writers assert, can houses and neighborhoods the made the strange, springy ly seeing whoever’s sitting in Mother F also be in you and in me. workers live in, to the fi rms material of the balls, he ome company recent- front of you. John Shelby Spong, Jesus for and corporations that exploit wrote by combining ‘tree ly was interested in Father G. ncapable of enjoying the the Non-Religious the workers, to the towns and roots and herbs and juic- Sbuying my ‘aura.’ moment, the male needs cities and whole regions and es and a combination of They didn’t want my prod- e swore it all on his Isomething to look for- he tyranny of success even nations that embrace them things…. [A]fter [the mix- uct. They kept saying, ‘we conscience though I ward to, and money pro- often can’t be both- all—all these are made to be ture] is dried, it becomes want your aura.’ I never fig- Hthink that conscience vides him with an eternal, Tered with complexity. broken tomorrow, smashed or rather spongy, not because ured out what they wanted. in businessmen is a bit like never-ending goal: Just The tote board matters lit- shredded or pulverized or dis- it has holes or voids like a But they were willing to virginity in whores—they think what you could do tle when held up alongside solved, so they can be recycled sponge, but because it be- pay a lot for it. So then I sell it when they haven’t got with 80 trillion dollars— [R.I.P.]’s intricate, tragic or replaced next week, and the comes lighter, as if it were thought that if somebody it any more. Hardly anybody Invest it! And in three years struggle to fi gure out who he whole process can go on again flabby and rather heavy.’ was willing to pay that in business has a conscience, time you’d have 300 trillion was in the world… Success and again, hopefully forever, Wait a minute, one wants much for my it, I should try because they’ve heard it’s dollars!!! and failure ultimately have in ever more profi table forms. to say: how could some- to figure out what it is. likely to get in their way, Valerie Solanas, The SCUM little to do with living the Marshall Berman, All That is thing ‘become lighter’ yet Andy Warhol so they leave it behind with Manifesto gospel. […] The American Solid Melts Into Air (1982)