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Contemporary English Perspectives on the American Civil War: Rare Documents Sylvia Larson

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Contemporary English Perspectives on the American Civil War: Rare Documents Sylvia Larson Bridgewater Review Volume 14 | Issue 1 Article 4 Jun-1995 Contemporary English Perspectives on the American Civil War: Rare Documents Sylvia Larson Recommended Citation Larson, Sylvia (1995). Contemporary English Perspectives on the American Civil War: Rare Documents. Bridgewater Review, 14(1), 3-6. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/br_rev/vol14/iss1/4 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. coin also worried about our neighbor to the north. Canada, then consisting of four separate provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Canada West and Canada East), was facing its own do­ mestic difficulties and coming to grips with the necessity of some kind of union. Canadians viewed the American CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH scene without compassion and with trepidation. Americans looked north PERSPECTIVES ON THE and saw a vivid manifestation of Eng­ lish outrage over the notorious Trent AMERICAN CIVIL WAR: affair-more than 10,000 red-coated troops were rushing into Canada. Eng­ Rare Documents land correctly considered the forced removal of two Confederate commis­ sioners from the British ship Trent by Sylvia Larson Captain Charles Wilks of the United States Navy as a provocative breach of neutral rights. It was not the friendli­ n May of 1861, Abraham Lincoln's est of times along the border. Secretary of State William H. ISeward wrote to the United States Recently, the University of North Minister to the Court of St. James that Carolina Press published a study by "war may ensue between the United Howard Jones of this international di­ States and one, two, or even more Eu­ mension of the American Civil War. ropean nations .... But if it comes, it will The author's bibliography includes be fully seen that it results from the such American and British sources as actions of Great Britain, not our own." the diaries of Charles Francis Adams and the papers of Lord John Russell, Seward was expressing one of Presi­ William Gladstone, and Prime Minis­ dent Lincoln's most troublesome prob­ ter Henry John Palmerston. lems, that of preventing Great Britain from intervening in the American Civil Coincidentally, and most fortu­ War. Minister Charles Francis Adams nately, the Lincoln Collection at had the task of conveying the Bridgewater State College recently re­ President's concern to British Foreign ceived a collection of seventeen Civil Secretary Lord John Russell, in tones War documents, many published dur­ less blunt than those of Secretary ing the war years and dealing directly Seward. Adams, son and grandson of with the focus of Professor Jones' book American presidents, was well Union in Peril: The Crisis over British equipped for diplomacy, as he handled Intervention in the Civil War. the complexities of this fascinating as­ Walter Morrison of Lawrencetown, pect of our Civil War: the inter-rela­ Nova Scotia, Bridgewater class of 1950, tionship ofEngland (with its European gave the collection to the college as alliances), the Union (the Northern part of his contribution to the class states), and the Confederacy (the re­ fund. Mr. Morrison was born in Mas­ bellious Southern states). President sachusetts. In 1961, he moved to Lincoln's troublesome problem can Canada where he had family. He taught also be viewed as the "old" world deal­ cartography at the Nova Scotia Land ing with a republic of the "new" world. Survey Institute, now the College of And, because Great Britain's Canadian Geographic Survey and part of the colony bordered the republic, Mr. Lin- Technical University of Nova Scotia, 3 and he retired in 1986. At Bridgewater, question. But he soon began to admire Walter Morrison had been a math-sci­ the gallant determination of the South­ ence major and an active photogra­ erners and feel "complete revulsion" pher. His interest in antiquarian maps BATTLE for the bullying of Northerners. led him to collecting documents like He had come to America to witness those in his gift to the college. Some ALABAU. AN D T.ITE KEARSARGE. "the wonderful struggle." Once here, of his documents were extras or dis­ he was impressed by the unanimity of cards from the Dennis Collection of the t'.IO .Jt\t'•"' ~l , o:>trl t' Ill ..... l ~OUtf !;lla,>. ....... <# fPO'Ht', tnlll lM* the Southern people and the heroism 1* .._ >JO;r..;llU O ~ ~~;4 'l' """hn. U''llll' - Hi story of Nova Scotia; some were W ~'ii-•,.-,. W•U· • It noo• 'l'•lt ~-....,.. °""" .,. ..... "'''""' .,, ~y-· _,._... ...... of the Confederacy, and closed his di­ ·~u.uin. u• , •• • >:tb_.... u.- given to him by friends; others he pur­ .._..,. _. , hi• «IJ>..,-U. ary by saying he could not believe that, chased at antique shops and book sales. in the nineteenth century, the civilized Mr. Morrison contacted Dr. Jean '" world would be a witness to the "de­ Prendergast, also of the class of 1950 struction of such a gallant race." and a member of the class finance com­ Michael Shaara, in his novel The Killer mittee, about giving his collection of Angels, on which Gettysburg was documents. Dr. Prendergast, of the Xel. nit ll: ll(l .\lHV A Y. based, has Freemantle express his feel­ Department of Mathematics and Com­ l "6 G·t. ings this way: "And perhaps they will puter Science, contacted Mrs. S. Mabell rejoin the Queen and it will be as it was, Bates, Special Collections Librarian, Professor Tom Turner selected a as it always should have been." who accepted the Civil War documents pamphlet written by Freemantle as a for the Maxwell Library - an excep­ particularly interesting document in AN ENGLISHMAN'S VIEW OF tional gift "which will add much pres­ the collection, and explains: ti ge to our Lincoln Collection." "Freemantle was a member of the THE BATTLE BETWEEN THE ALABAMA AND THE KEARSAGE This essay considers selections from Coldstream Guards and was on leave Mr. Morrison's gift, as they reflect spe­ of absence when he spent three months A major irritant in British-American cific contemporary insights into Presi­ with the Confederate Army. He was on relations began in English shipyards dent Lincoln's foreign policy problem. intimate terms with both Lee and and spread to the high seas. Ship build­ Longstreet, and the diary which he pro­ ers constructed "commerce-raiders" duced has been quoted by many for the Confederacy which, according THREE MONTHS IN THE historians .... He donned his bright red to British law, were not technically SOUTHERN STATES uniform during Pickett's charge. This "warships." The Alabama was a par­ If you saw the movie Gettysburg, must have made him stand out promi­ ticularly notorious "commerce­ perhaps your curiosity was piqued by nently, as well as having been ex­ raider." When it left the Liverpool ship­ the fascinating character of Lieuten­ tremely uncomfortable during the very yard, it was the Enrica on a trial run. ant Colonel Arthur Freemantle, the hot weather of early July 1863." At an appointed rendezvous in the Englishman who felt so at home Freemantle's 158-page diary was Azores, this English-built vessel took among the Southerners - they were, written during the months when Eng­ on English sailors and English-sup­ to him, not Americans but trans­ land began to realize that the North plied arms, coal and provisions. As the planted Englishmen. They are English, would eventually win the war, and the Alabama, it then proceeded to disrupt he mused; and the great experiment Union would be the Union. News of the Union commerce and destroy over sixty - democracy and the equality of the North's victory at Gettysburg reached vessels. Finally, challenged by the rabble - in just over a generation they Adams in London at a critical time. It Union cruiser Kearsage off the French have come back to class: they are all reinforced his assertion that interven­ coast near Cherbourg, it was destroyed the same - one religion basically, one tion on the Confederacy's behalf was a in 1864. A picture of the naval battle way of life. These were profound policy not to be further entertained. circulated throughout the North with thoughts to take back to England! But as Freemantle sailed back to this caption: "Built of English oak in Why was he at Gettysburg, riding England just after Gettysburg, he re­ an English yard, armed with English beside General Longstreet in the early mained infatuated with Southerners. guns, manned by an English crew, and hours of the second day of the battle? In the preface of his diary, he admits sunk in the English Channel." to originally feeling a slight inclination The author of this pamphlet went toward the North, due to the slavery to Cherbourg right after the battle. He 4 wished to set straight misrepresenta­ Preparation for the bazaar began by tions of the truth, spread by individu­ compiling a list of Lady Patronesses who als as well as the French and English had the "appropriate" credentials. Not all press. Captain John Winslow of the qualified ladies agreed to help because Kearsage welcomed Frederick Edge to stepping forward publicly could cause his ship, anchored since the battle just some embarrassment. Some ladies, on outside Cherbourg harbor. The captain the other hand, were relieved to have an showed his visitor the ship's logbook. outlet for their sympathy, to be able to Mr. Edge spent six days detailing the do something, especially since the gov­ ship's measurements, construction ernment seemed paralyzed with inac­ and armaments, the damages it had tion. The list oflady patronesses included received in battle, and the names and a princess, three marchionesses, three nationalities of the crew and officers. countesses, and several ladies.
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