South East OCTOBER 2017 Volume 11 Number 4 Newsletter of the Land for Wildlife Program ISSN 1835-3851

CONTENTS 1 Jumping Spiders 2 Editorial and Contacts 3 Flora Vignette How to propagate Rose Almond 4-5 Practicalities Make your own wildlife rescue basket 6-7 Property Profile Folk Festival creates a wildlife One of the smallest jumping spiders is haven Jumping into Science Maratus purcellae (left) at 1.8mm long. 8 Our Little Corner Above is Opisthoncus sp. discovered by : How does my umping spiders are the heavy lifters of Robert Whyte in his backyard. property interact with the Bay? Jthe spider world. They have been curing arachnophobia, going viral online and are 9 Ecosystem Profile Their ability to track and ambush prey appearing on mainstream TV. Many new Unmuddying the values of species of jumping spider are being found is amazing. They can calculate distances in Australia, both in remote regions and while watching their prey, then move to a Coastal Saltmarsh also in Brisbane backyards. vantage point out of line of sight and with 10-11 Fauna Profile a prodigious leap, fly through the air to Migratory Shorebirds: If you were to lightly beat the foliage of grab their victim and immobilise it. any shrub or small tree on your Land for Extraordinary journeys, Wildlife property, you would be almost Jumping spiders have unusual mobility tenuous futures certain to have a new species of spider in allowing their abdomen to move in your collecting tray. This is because there elaborate and colourful displays. Some 12 Fauna Profile are more undescribed and undiscovered courtship displays in Maratus spp. (peacock Spiders: Architects of the spiders in Australia than there are known spiders) feature a complicated ritual of natural world ones. Currently there are about 500 leg waving, toe-tapping and abdomen described species of jumping spiders in twerking. Most have brilliantly coloured 13 Book Reviews Australia, but it is very likely that this will side flaps they extend like peacock tail 14 Landscape Conservation expand to 3000–5000 species when the feathers to mesmerise their mates. science is all done. The Little Liverpool Initiative Jumping spiders are small - the largest Jumping spiders make up about 13% of all being only 15mm long. They can be ant- 15 Flora Profile described spiders, the highest number of like, beetle-like and can even mimic flies by Fern species in any spider family. walking backwards and having enlarged black spots on their abdomens. 16 Book Reviews All jumping spiders are recognisable because of their two large front eyes. The world of jumping spiders is thoroughly Four of the remaining six eyes provide explored in my new book, which is Published by Healthy Land and Water through 360-degree vision, which is astonishingly reviewed on page 13. funding from the Australian Government’s good. They are able to see the moon nearly National Landcare Programme as well as we can, and have the ability to Article and photos by Robert Whyte magnify their vision up to four times– a Co-author, A Field Guide to Spiders of skill many of us wish we could share. Australia (2017). Land for Wildlife Officers editorial South East Queensland Brisbane City Council Next year, 2018, marks a milestone for the some connection, however slight, to the All enquiries, 3403 8888 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland coast. I also took this opportunity to use Amanda Maggs Fflur Collier (LfWSEQ) program. It turns 20. Leaving the my editorial license to showcase one of my Cody Hochen Peter Hayes teenage years behind is a transition – a favourite groups of animals – shorebirds. Susan Nolan Tony Mlynarik Owenia venosa. time to stand on one’s own two feet and Their migrations are just so incredible. Catherine Madden own one’s power. Photo by Anita Morrison. Thank you to all contributors to this edition City of Gold Coast The LfWSEQ program has stood the – your stories build knowledge within the Lexie Webster, 5582 8344 test of time – it has outlived two state Land for Wildlife network and can make the coordinating agencies, three regional tough, and sometimes lonely, task of bush Saul Hondow, 5582 8022 coordinating organisations, twelve Council regeneration feel brighter. Let’s just hope it Scott Sumner, 5582 8896 amalgamations / de-amalgamations, three rains soon. Todd Burrows, 5582 9128 federal government funding programs Ipswich City Council and survived the swinging pendulum of As always, I welcome your feedback and flora Nick Swanson, 3810 6026 politics. contributions. Melanie Mott, 3810 6666 As a testament to its ability to move with Deborah Metters vignette the times, stay true to its values and remain Lockyer Valley Regional Council Land for Wildlife Regional relevant to the community, the LfWSEQ Martin Bennett, 5462 0376 Coordinator program continues to grow at the same Healthy Land and Water rate that it did 19 years ago. We must be Logan City Council doing something right! Peter Copping, 3412 5321 Question: Next year we will celebrate this anniversary Moreton Bay Regional Council in various ways, so keep an eye out for De-Anne Attard, 0438 910 715 How do I propagate Owenia venosa fruit on the tree (main image) and on the ground (left inset) partly correspondence from your Land for Wildlife Nicole Byrne, 0419 700 213 eaten by some animal. Photos by Melanie Mott. Officer. There are now over 7000 Land for Wendy Heath, 3883 5636 Rose Almond? Wildlife members who manage over 4200 own Land for Wildlife blocks at both Answer: With Patience! properties across SEQ. Thank you to all of Noosa Council Childers and in the North Burnett area. On you for coming on this journey of nature Kylie Gordon, 5329 6500 I a recent drive along a little used country hanks Anita for your enquiry. As I learn germinate but remain viable are considered conservation. It is a journey for which I am road near Biggenden I noticed many fallen more about dry vine forests visiting dormant. The seeds of Owenia venosa are grateful to have in my life due to the sheer Council T fruit along the roadside in one particular landholders in the Land for Wildlife considered to have mechanical dormancy diversity, interconnectedness and wonder Maree Manby, 3820 1106 spot. These proved to be from three very program, I have come to recognise very due to the presence of a hard, wood fruit of nature. I look forward to sharing this quickly that Owenia venosa or Rose Almond wall, usually an endocarp which is common celebration with you next year. Regional Council large, mature trees with dark glossy foliage Keith McCosh, 5540 5436 and bark somewhat like an ironbark but /Crow’s Apple/Sour Plum is a common tree in the Meliaceae family. species in this vegetation type. The tree This edition has a bit of a coastal theme, chunkier. On two trees the fruit was in To find out who is having success at grows to about 20 metres and is found which may seem out of place for this Somerset Region clusters at the end of the twig, on the third germination, I spoke to a number of people in dry vine forests from the NSW border newsletter. But most of our properties have Darren McPherson, 5424 4000 the fruit hung singly – looking much like an from Native Plants Queensland and staff to Rockhampton, including around the apple tree. from regional native plant nurseries. Here Sunshine Coast Council Biggenden area. In Ipswich, these trees are are some tips that may help you propagate Alan Wynn, 5439 6477 Despite the large quantity of fruit that had mostly found around Rosewood, Tallegalla, Rose Almond. Danielle Outram, 5475 7339 fallen, few seemed to have been sampled Marburg and Pine Mountain. Landholder Registrations, Land for Wildlife SEQ - 1/9/2017 by local wildlife. The ripe fruit seems to have  When choosing seeds under an Owenia Dave Burrows, 5475 7345 The first thing you notice about this tree, no smell and a dab of the pink flesh against venosa tree, choose the seeds that are Marc Russell, 5475 7345 especially in winter, is its glorious, round, Registered Working Towards Total Area under my lip didn’t produce any unpleasant effect. almost rotting. Total Area Retained Nick Clancy, 5439 6433 pinkish-red fruit, which can grow to 4 cm in Properties Registration Restoration Its size is a little larger than a Burdekin Plum Stephanie Reif, 5475 7395 size. The fruit is technically referred to as a  Plant the seeds in a compost heap – up to 9 cm circumference, matt not shiny fleshy aril (specialised seed covering). This under the shade of a tree and water the 3338 904 60,012 ha 6,894 ha and of a pleasant dusty pink both on the Qld Murray-Darling Region aril completely surrounds the seed inside. area every so often. Wait (yes, this may take tree and on the ground. years). Forward all contributions to: Print run - 4745 , Crows Nest and This is a truly beautiful tree and it’s no A local land owner told us that this was a Back copies from 2007 - 2016 western regions wonder landholders are asking how to  To break the seed dormancy, consider The Editor available for download from Qld Murray-Darling Committee, wild plum and sought after in times gone grow them, but, to be frank it’s tough and sandpapering the seed, heating the seed Land for Wildlife Newsletter www.lfwseq.org.au 4637 6228 by as flooring for dance halls. However, near impossible! The seeds are notoriously up, impacting, scarifying or nicking the Healthy Land and Water Back copies from 1998 - 2006 the timber is so hard that sawing had to difficult to propagate and no one seems seed. Then scatter seeds (not too densely) PO Box 13204 available upon request to the Editor. Burnett Mary Region be done in water. (I may be wrong but to have found a reliable propagation on a bed of free-draining potting mix in presumed this to be to stop the saw from George Street QLD 4003 ISSN 1835-3851 Gympie, Fraser Coast, technique. Rose Almond seeds can remain a container (e.g. flower pot) that is free- 07 3177 9100 overheating and quickly becoming blunt.) Land for Wildlife is a voluntary program that North & South Burnett, viable in the soil but not germinate until draining. Do not over-water. [email protected] and after ten, or sometimes 20 years. encourages and assists landholders to provide I would be pleased to learn what this fruit Other essential ingredients are patience, habitat for wildlife on their properties. Burnett Mary Regional Group, 4181 2999 is, its uses, food value (if any) and how it can When thinking about growing Rose persistence and experimentation. Don’t be propagated. Almond, think about how this plant may give up and good luck when germinating germinate in the wild. Seeds require Owenia venosa. Land for Wildlife South East Queensland Anita Morrison the right combination of environmental lfwseq.org.au is a quarterly publication distributed Land for Wildlife member conditions like moisture, temperature, light, facebook.com/lfwseq free of charge to members of the Land North Burnett Article by Melanie Mott for Wildlife program in South East nutrients, fungi, disturbance and sometimes Land for Wildlife Officer Queensland. ingestion by wildlife. Seeds that do not Ipswich City Council

2 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 3 Make your own wildlife rescue basket using practicalities these inexpensive, household items: Make Your Own Wildlife Rescue Basket • Basket with a foldable lid that can be fastened shut • Hot water bottle or similar (e.g. wine flask) • Two towels • Two pillow slips • A couple of safety pins • Scissors • Disposable gloves • Small length of pool noodle for bird perch / claw grip • Pen and notebook • Safety vest • Contact details of wildlife rescue groups

It’s best to treat a native Wildlife rescue and rehabilitation groups in SEQ

animal the same way you All Regions would like to be treated. RSPCA (all hours) 1300 ANIMAL (1300 264 625) Wildcare Australia 5527 2444 touch them bare-handed. The easiest technique is to drop North (including Moreton Bay and Sunshine Coast) magine you’re driving home after an may look abandoned, e.g. Masked Lapwing Equipment a towel over them and then pick them up. It’s best to wear Ievening out and a wallaby jumps in front (plover) or Brush Turkey chicks, but aren’t, Notebook and pen are required to take disposable gloves when handling wildlife. Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital 1300 369 652 of your car. You can’t stop in time and hit and these should be left alone. notes of where you picked the animal up Bat Rescue Inc 0498 313 068 it. The female wallaby has died but you and your observations. This is especially Road safety around injured wildlife is especially important Birds that have hit windows and are Bribie and District Wildlife Rescue Inc 0400 836 592 notice her pouch is quite large and when important for territorial animals. Towels are and each basket should have a fluoro safety vest included. stunned should be supported. Wrap a you have a look inside you see a joey. What handy for catching animals, e.g. draping a Make sure that it is always safe to pull over and that you Rescue Queensland 0423 618 740 towel in a horseshoe shape and place the won’t be injured or cause an accident trying to rescue injured do you do next and have you got what you towel over an injured bird before you pick Moreton Bay Koala Rescue 0401 080 333 bird in the middle of the horseshoe. Rest need in your car? it up. Towels are also used for covering hot wildlife. If you do check a dead animal on the roadside, once their head on the towel and keep their Native R&R (Rescue and Rehabilitation) 0432 320 348 water bottles or as padding in the basket. finished, pull the body off the road so that other scavenging At a recent Sunshine Coast Land for Wildlife airway clear and their back supported. Pillow slips are best turned inside out. wildlife are not hit by a car as well. Unless you are trained in Pine Rivers Koala Care (all hours) 0401 350 799 workshop, participants learnt the basics Place the animal inside and tie a knot in handling bats and are vaccinated against rabies (due to risk of Twinnies Pelican & Seabird Rescue 5439 9995 of wildlife rescue and put together their Sick Koalas often have red eyes, due to the end of the pillowcase to keep it secure. Australian Bat Lyssavirus) do not approach, pick up or touch own wildlife rescue basket to keep in their Wildlife Rescue Sunshine Coast 0448 148 013 conjunctivitis, and a stained bottom. Don’t any bat (microbats and flying foxes). Contact a wildlife care cars. The workshop was run by the capable All animals suffer from shock so put warm WILVO's 5441 6200 climb trees to catch injured or sick Koalas, organisation or specialist bat carer. volunteers Roslyn Leslie, Donna Anthony (not boiling) water in a hot water bottle, ring a specialised Koala rescue group for South (including Logan) and Sylvia Whiting from Wildlife Volunteers wrap it in a towel and put the animal on Ethics professional assistance. Association Inc (WILVOS). As a result of top of this. An exception to this rule is It’s best to treat a native animals the same way you would like Daisy Hill Koala Ambulance 3299 1032 or this workshop, over 30 Land for Wildlife Kangaroos & Wallabies echidnas as they don’t cope with heat. to be treated. Ring a wildlife care organisation (see contact 0412 429 898 members now have the knowledge, skills All female marsupials have a pouch and details right) for help and if necessary get the animal to the It’s best to place wildlife in a securely Logan City RSPCA Animal Ambulance 1300 ANIMAL and equipment they need to assist injured often have young attached at the nipple. vet ASAP. There are laws about how long you can hold wildlife fastened basket as you don’t want an Central/Greater Brisbane (including Redlands) wildlife that they may come across. Pulling a small joey off a nipple can cause for without passing the animal on to a registered carer. These unconscious animal to wake up while permanent damage to the joey’s jaw or times vary for different species but a good ball park figure is BARN (Brisbane Area Rescue Network) 0405 056 066 Birds you are driving, ending in both of you brain. Instead (and this is not for the faint- to make sure the animal has gone into care within 24 hours. The most common calls that WILVOS panicking at the same time! Echidnas must Bat Conservation and Rescue 0488 228 134 hearted) it is recommended to use scissors receives are related to baby birds that have be placed in a sturdy container. Unless you are trained, do not feed animals or give them Brisbane City Council Wildlife Ambulance 3403 8888 to cut the nipple off the dead mother and fallen out of nests due to high winds or water. Often the animal will aspirate water into their lungs then pin the nipple to the inside of the Safety JG Native Animal Care 0411 316 833 other accidents. If you come across this and most animals have very specific dietary requirements and sleeping bag (very rarely the joey could Your safety is paramount. Never do scenario, the ideal response is to place a feeding inappropriate food will do more harm than good. Pelican and Seabird Rescue 0404 118 301 swallow the nipple and choke). If the something you feel uncomfortable hanging basket (or similar) high up with Redland City Council Wildlife Ambulance 3833 4031 wallaby or kangaroo has a very long nipple with and certainly don’t tackle large If you would like to do more for injured and orphaned wildlife, the birds in it, near the place you found (all hours) there might be a bigger joey nearby who animals that are in obvious distress. the organisations listed to the right are always looking them, and usually the parent(s) will come has become separated from its mother so Adult kangaroos and wallabies undergo for volunteers and offer excellent training to learn how to West (including Ipswich and Lockyer Valley) back to look after them. You can make the listen to see if you can hear it (they make myopathy (shock) when in care and die become a wildlife rehabilitator. hanging basket look a little more lifelike by FAUNA 0448 856 055 soft contact sounds). from stress. Because of this, the animal putting grass or bracken in it. If the birds Ipswich Koala Protection Society Wildlife 0419 760 127 or should be put down humanely. In these aren’t found by their parents in an hour or Snakes Article by Stephanie Reif Ambulances (all hours) 0412 817 595 situations ring Policelink on 131 444. Land for Wildlife Officer so then the chicks need to go into care. Never attempt to rescue an injured snake – Australian Rescue and Rehabilitation of 0430 904 415 always contact a professional snake catcher Sunshine Coast Council Of course there are some baby birds that Most native wildlife have sharp claws, teeth Wildlife Association (ARROW) or wildlife rescue group. or beaks so it is recommended never to

4 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 5 This in turn led to the creation of in its environmental team, and the aim is a corresponding increase in woodland various environmental projects - Forest to utilise fungi to increase plant growth. habitat species. property profile Woodfordia, Bush Foods, Orchids, Native By inoculating mulch and other organic Grasses and Butterfly Host plants. Then material with fungi, more water is retained, Red-necked or Bennett’s Wallabies are Folk Festival Creates a Wildlife Haven there is a project growing plants to use on plants flourish, weeds are suppressed and common. And many reptiles - goannas, Festival stages, others concentrating on erosion is lessened. Fungi habitat is also water dragons, bearded dragons, brown Cycads and Tree Ferns, and Weedfordia, useful for earth worms, wood lice, termites snakes, common and brown tree snakes, which has the challenge of dealing with and larger animals and so on up the food carpet pythons and Red-bellied Black the ubiquitous weeds. All this allows chain. It’s a simple and low-cost technique Snakes. Birds, Sugar Gliders and three attendees to work at their own particular which holds much promise. species of possum take advantage of more passion when Treehuggers meet or when than 400 installed nest boxes. The Planting is staged. Another innovative measure at Woodfordia is the use of biochar, which enhances soil Feral animals with their destructive habits Butterflies are a special attraction. The and sequesters carbon. Bamboo has been intrude. Red Deer, Rusa Deer and wild pigs, Butterfly project has planted food species planted on site for use in construction which enter from the adjoining National for rare butterflies - Richmond Birdwing, but it requires preservation in a bamboo Park, foxes and cats all pay unwelcome Laced Fritillary and Regent Skipper. smoker, the biochar being a by-product visits. Management strategies are in Conservation of all invertebrates, not just of this process. Other soil nutrients come place but, as with weeds, it’s a perennial butterflies, is the overall aim. from a giant compost heap formed from problem. organic waste generated by the festival. An The Planting itself has shifted focus Much has been achieved at Woodfordia, inventive waste water treatment plant has but much more remains to be done. If from mass tree planting to an event been installed. with a stronger educational component, you’d like to become involved, come along workshops and discrete environmental Wildlife on the property appears to to The Planting in 2018, or join Treehuggers projects. Even so, this year patrons planted be thriving. Several dams and ponds on the last weekend of every month. You’ll 785 trees, 159 butterfly host plants, and, form habitat for amphibians. Many bird need to register - email treehuggers@ following a successful trial, 300 native species have been recorded, 217 at least, woodfordia.com or phone Woodfordia’s grasses. most either resident or regular visitors. office – 5496 1066. The vulnerable Glossy Black Cockatoo These days there’s more science behind may be seen. The number of species Article by John Burrows the revegetation. Soil health is critically has remained fairly constant, but there Land for Wildlife member important, and fungi have a starring role. has been an expected decline in overall Cooroy, Noosa Woodfordia has a trained fungal researcher numbers of grassland habitat species, with and Woodfordia Inc. member

t first glance the two concepts – provide campers with shade, minimise up soil, position tree guard, water well, Astaging a major cultural festival and dust, create wildlife corridors, improve soil mulch well. The trees were then left to managing a property for wildlife – seem quality and prevent erosion. themselves, with some spectacular results incompatible. Yet organisers of the and some disappointments. Survival rate is Woodford Folk Festival have made great It all looked a bit daunting at first. Weeds about 60%. progress with both. Their annual event is were rampant, paddocks had nothing but now internationally renowned and the introduced grasses and different soil types Crucial to a good outcome was to choose venue is becoming a haven for wildlife. – rocky, shale or heavy clay – indicated a species appropriate to the soil, terrain, few difficulties ahead; acidic soil as well, and intended usage, such as meeting It began in 1994 when, after the Maleny the result of an old pine plantation. festival needs or creating wildlife habitat. Festival grew so that it was bursting at There was much success with Hoop, Bunya the seams, the non-profit Queensland On the plus side, there were vegetated and Kauri Pines, whereas Wollemi Pines Folk Federation Inc (now Woodfordia Inc) gullies, some bushland with areas of dry perished. Site preparation, mulching for purchased a 500 acre block of land near eucalyptus and rainforest, and a reasonable example, well before planting, showed Woodford. The property, now named along the watercourse which better results, as did replacing straw bales Woodfordia, became registered as a Land flows to the Stanley River. with hardwood mulch. Pink tree guards for Wildlife property in 2007. The biggest plus though was an were used, this colour best concentrating The Planting 2006 at Outer Barcoo. Eleven years later - the Outer Barcoo area. photosynthetic energy to help plants grow. It was a dairy cattle property nestled enthusiasm and determination to begin up against what is now the Bellthorpe the process of ecosystem restoration. Most crucial of all was support from National Park in the southern Conondale So was born the annual Tree Planting patrons and volunteers who came along Range. The Jinibara are the registered Weekend, first held in 1997. Now known to The Plantings to be involved, often Native Title holders in this area. as The Planting, it began with the primary working in the rain, and often coming aim of getting as many trees into the back year after year. Highly successful Organisers realised that here was an ground as possible. Festival patrons of all was a Bunya Baby project. Bunya Pines in opportunity to do more than stage a ages came to help, putting in thousands of tubes were given to patrons to take home, music festival. Along with ownership of a trees (current total: 106,000) and after 20 nurture for a few years, and then return block this size, there was a responsibility years the transformation of the site from to be planted out on Araucaria Hill, which to leave a legacy for future generations by paddock to parkland is very evident. overlooks the Festival precinct and already rehabilitating the site, and with this came had Hoop Pines in abundance. the prospect of developing a cultural and A huge range of species was planted, environmental showcase. mostly endemic rainforest trees being The Planting Festival inspired a group of favoured. Organisers set up teams for volunteers to form Treehuggers, who meet Festival infrastructure was an urgent particular areas, each team having a leader each month to carry on with yet more priority but so was revegetation, needed to who demonstrated the basics – dig hole, planting and maintenance. increase comfort levels for festival patrons, add a little nutrient, place tree, heap Carparking area in 2017. Walkway to Festival entrance in 2017.

6 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 7 our little corner Moreton Bay: How does my property interact with the Bay?

oreton Bay is a stunningly rich natural and cultural asset on the doorstep This photo of a Water Mouse was captured by a fauna of SEQ. How lucky are we to be able to catch the ferry over to Minjerribah M monitoring camera in McCoy’s Creek Wetlands as part (North Stradbroke Island) to see whales, Koalas, Quandamooka middens and of a City of Gold Coast project to assess potential fox feel the city hum subside all in one easy day’s outing. It is understandable ecosystem profile predation on Water Mice. that an application to list Moreton Bay as a World Heritage Area was recently submitted. Unmuddying the values of Using internationally recognised ecosystem services analysis, Healthy Land & Water has valued Moreton Bay at $7.6b annually. This is the price of services Coastal Saltmarsh provided by Moreton Bay such as recreation, tidal surge protection, coastal erosion control, seafood habitat and nutrient filtration. Coastal saltmarshes, , coral reefs and seagrass beds provide most of these services. This staggering figure reflects how much it would cost us to engineer (assuming that we could) these services. Thank you Moreton Bay! n keeping with this edition’s coastal by my snowshoe-sized boots It is interesting to ponder how our own properties interact with the Bay. Itheme, this article explores an ecosystem caked with mud, it was a south to the Jacob’s Well Environmental Basically every property east of the Great Divide that is on or south of the found along the coast of South East peaceful and expansive place to explore. Education Centre. Pumicestone Passage and north of the / Gold Coast Seaway (The Queensland (SEQ). With its distinctive low- Afterwards, I wanted to champion this Spit) has some influence, however slight, on Moreton Bay. There are numerous growing plants, salty muddy ground, and ecosystem and celebrate the fact that it is Marine Couch (Sporobolus virginicus), ways in which all ecosystems are interconnected, but the most obvious its proximity to mangroves, saltmarsh is one of only a handful of ecosystems in SEQ Beaded Samphire (Sarcocornia quinqueflora) and Seablite (Suaeda connection between our properties and Moreton Bay is via waterways. This daytime photo shows generally easy to recognise. Sadly, it has recognised as nationally significant. It is a mangrove tree hollow also been an undervalued ecosystem, listed as Vulnerable under Commonwealth australis) are common native groundcovers It is too simplistic to estimate how long it takes a raindrop falling in the upper where Water Mice may and as a result has borne the brunt of environment legislation. found in coastal saltmarsh. Lockyer catchment to reach Moreton Bay as there are so many considerations. mismanagement and outright attempts to shelter. Coastal saltmarsh often adjoins The most obvious wildlife inhabitants of In a major flood event this may be only several days. In dry periods, rain will drain and fill it in over the years. mangroves; but unlike mangroves that coastal saltmarsh are crabs, snails and infiltrate or evaporate well before reaching the . The Water Mouse (Xeromys myoides) is an iconic native Thankfully, coastal saltmarsh is a are inundated daily by tides, saltmarshes periwinkles, plus prawns and fish when animal that lives in mangroves, saltmarsh and some Some clever research has been done regarding sediment movement in SEQ, reasonably resilient ecosystem due to its are inundated less regularly by king tides inundated. Insects are also abundant, freshwater wetlands in SEQ. Like many small, native and the effect of sediment on Moreton Bay. Scientists have been able to tell saline nature. Not too many weeds can and storm surges. Saltmarsh soils consist including those annoying midges. Many mammals, it is nocturnal and comes out at night to forage us that about 11,000 tonnes/year of sediment enter our waterways from two survive the salt, and the boggy nature of waterlogged silts and clays with high birds and bats feed, roost or take refuge in on marine invertebrates in the intertidal zone. key sediment-yielding sub-catchments (one in the Bremer and one in the of the ground combined with hungry organic content. Just below the surface coastal saltmarshes, including migratory Logan). This is mostly from gully and streambank erosion. Understandably, It nests just above the high water mark either in large mud mosquitoes and sandflies can deter most are iron sulphides, which when disturbed, shorebirds discussed on pages 10-11. considerable investment has been directed towards these sub-catchments to nests that it constructs, or within hollows of mangrove visitors and machinery. However, when can release sulphuric acid – a distinctive reduce this soil loss. These days it is well recognised that trees or within mud banks. The same nest may be used by it dries out, saltmarsh can be a favoured smell that accompanies you when walking coastal ecosystems such as mangroves I was pleasantly surprised to read research that shows that no major seagrass several generations. place for illegal dumping and hooning. through saltmarsh muds. The plants and and saltmarshes are essential for fisheries, sediments within saltmarsh store large beds in Moreton Bay were lost as a result of the 2011 floods. However, flood- The Water Mouse is listed as Vulnerable under In SEQ, good tracts of coastal saltmarsh can coastal erosion protection and nutrient quantities of carbon making saltmarsh derived sediments reduce the resilience of seagrass beds in the long-term. Commonwealth and State legislation and several Councils be found from the in the north filtering. They are also beautiful, almost ecosystems important players in the in SEQ are involved with projects to conserve and manage through to the southern Gold Coast areas. other worldly places where you can stretch With summer on our doorsteps and hopefully some summer rains, it is good carbon sequestration race. to think about how all of our properties in SEQ are connected, in some small Water Mouse habitat. Some larger tracts of saltmarsh include your legs and imagination. If you would way, to the ocean. Ensuring that the gullies and waterways on our properties Creek, Hays Inlet, Pumicestone In SEQ, coastal saltmarsh is defined as like to get involved in protecting and are well vegetated is the goal. However, we know that past land management Passage, mouth, Logan Regional Ecosystem 12.1.2. There are less monitoring tidal ecosystems, Mangrove has left many of our waterways bare and it can be a difficult and expensive River mouth, and the southern parts of than twenty Land for Wildlife properties in Watch, may be for you. For details, visit process to repair. North Stradbroke Island. SEQ containing this ecosystem – the lucky www.mangrovewatch.com.au few who can say that they have a nationally I recently had the muddy pleasure of If you need advice or assistance on revegetation or erosion control, feel free to significant coastal ecosystem in their counting shorebirds at the Geoff Skinner chat with your Land for Wildlife Officer or your Area Manager through Healthy backyard. They occur from Beerburrum, to Articles by Deborah Metters Reserve - Brisbane’s largest tract of Land and Water. Deception Bay, Toorbul, Hays Inlet, out to Land for Wildlife Regional Coordinator saltmarsh. Despite being weighed down the islands of Macleay and Karagarra and Healthy Land and Water

8 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 9 fauna profile Shorebirds can congregate together in their thousands at high tide to sleep and rest. There are only a handful of suitable high tide roost sites Migratory Shorebirds: Extraordinary journeys, tenuous futures for shorebirds within the whole of Moreton Bay so please never disturb the birds when they are roosting. Photos by Deborah Metters.

through to May. Some immature birds and Republic of Korea in an attempt to What can we do to help migratory remain in the park during our winter. Most protect these birds along the EAAF. The shorebirds? arely does this newsletter contain The Far Eastern Curlew is the largest migratory shorebird in Australia with a body about species feed in the zone between high highly productive Yellow Sea between articles about the marine habitats of 45cm long and a huge 19cm long bill. They eat small crabs and molluscs. As with all P Be considerate of feeding and especially R and low tide, foraging over exposed sand China and the Korean Peninsula is the SEQ, understandably given that most shorebirds, they feed at low tide both during the day and at night. Photo by Todd Burrows roosting shorebirds, whether you are bars, mud flats and into shallow water critical link between the northern breeding Land for Wildlife properties don’t contain walking, driving or boating. Domestic for crustaceans, molluscs, marine worms, grounds and southern wintering sites them. They are however key attractions for animals should be kept under control insects and other invertebrates. As the for migratory shorebirds of the EAAF. It people living in this region. People flock to and well clear of shorebirds. A female [Bar-tailed Godwit] was high tide approaches they require roosting provides the opportunity for these birds sandy beaches, go fishing or crabbing in sites where they can rest and preen. A to rest and rebuild body condition before P Reduce marine pollution. The health the mangroves and snorkel around coral satellite tracked as it travelled few species like the Ruddy Turnstone and continuing migration. of shorebird prey is in-part dependent and rocky reefs of the bay islands. 11,690km in a single flight. Wandering Tattler prefer to feed along on the amount and quality of sediment Despite these individual and international Of course, the health of Moreton Bay is rocky shorelines. flowing into Moreton Bay and much agreements vast areas of intertidal habitats in-part dependent on the health of our of the rubbish and pollutants that are and avoid the boreal winter by making These journeys are even more remarkable The migratory shorebirds of Moreton in the Yellow Sea have been reclaimed in creeks, plus the management of urban discarded on land eventually end up in incredible migrations to Australasia. in that the birds are unable to land or feed Bay range in size from the large Far recent years destroying critical feeding and and industrial areas. Reducing soil erosion, the ocean. on the water, increasing the risk of flying Eastern Curlew to the tiny Red-necked roosting areas. The scale of this destruction marine pollution and litter is everyone’s The Bar-tailed Godwit for example makes across the open ocean. Stint and have a variety of bill lengths is hard to comprehend and is the most P Learn more about them and get inspired responsibility. Even though the ocean may the longest non-stop journey of any bird and shapes. This variation in bills enables significant threat to these species. Even in by seeing them in the wild. There are seem like a long way away if you are in the species. A female was satellite tracked as it Approximately 50,000 migratory species to feed on different prey items MBMP there are proposed developments a number of good locations to view Lockyer, in effect, most Land for Wildlife travelled 11,690 km in a single flight over shorebirds comprising of 30 species utilise at varying depths in the substrate which which, if approved, would destroy shorebirds without causing disturbance properties in SEQ, plays some role in the nine days from Alaska to New Zealand. Moreton Bay during their non-breeding allows wetlands to support a higher important feeding habitat. including the Port of Brisbane, Toorbul, health of the marine habitats of our Bay. Extraordinarily, the bird totalled 29,500km season (our summer) with some using the diversity of species. This is evident even Coombabah Lake and Curlew Island in a full migration cycle over 174 days. In area as a staging location before moving During their time in Moreton Bay birds are This article sheds light on one group of within individual species through sexual (Gold Coast Broadwater). You will need its lifetime these migrations will take it further south. trying to increase their body mass to fuel remarkable animals who, during summer, dimorphism; the female Far Eastern Curlew binoculars or a spotting scope. approximately the distance from the Earth their flights back to the breeding grounds. call Moreton Bay home. Birds begin to arrive in late August to for example has a significantly longer bill to the Moon! Shorebirds can lose over 50% of their body P Get involved with or support one of the September departing from late February than the male which allows them to seize (MBMP) extends mass during their huge migration, so they local conservation groups such as the prey from greater depths. from Caloundra in the north down to need a quick and reliable food source to Queensland Wader Study Group (QWSG), the southern tip of South Stradbroke The survival of many migratory shorebirds eat as soon as they arrive. Birdlife Southern Queensland and Birds Island and covers 3400km2. The diverse along the EAAF is under very serious threat. Queensland. QWSG conduct shorebird Various disturbances can hamper these ecosystems of the park provide habitat Long term monitoring in Australia has identification days in SEQ along with efforts and unfortunately for the birds the for a wide variety of wildlife including revealed disturbing declines (up to 90%) regular surveys, counts and banding for summer months are also the peak time for significant populations of resident and in many species. In recognition of this the monitoring. recreational users in MBMP. Human-related migratory shorebirds. In 1993 the majority Australian Government has recently listed disturbance is the main problem with Due to the reliance of shorebirds on of MBMP was listed as a Ramsar site. The the Far Eastern Curlew, Curlew Sandpiper people, cars and pet dogs (even horses in critical locations along the EAAF it requires Ramsar Convention is an international and Great Knot as Critically Endangered some locations) sharing the beaches and the efforts of many countries to protect treaty for the conservation and sustainable under Commonwealth environmental mudflats where the birds roost and feed. their future. Hopefully, Australia and use of wetlands and is named after the city legislation. The next level up on the list is Moreton Bay can be a safehaven for these of Ramsar in Iran, where the Convention extinct! Noisy jet-skies and jet-boats can travel extraordinary birds well into the future. was originally signed in 1971. on shallow water bringing them close to In addition the Red Knot and Lesser Sand birds and are especially a problem on high The migratory shorebirds seen in MBMP Plover have been listed as Endangered tides when the birds are restricted to a use the East-Asian Australasian Flyway and the Greater Sand Plover and Bar-tailed limited number of roosting sites; low flying (EAAF), which stretches from Alaska and Godwit listed as Vulnerable. Article by Todd Burrows Shorebirds arrive in Moreton Bay tired and depleted after their huge migratory flight. They powered paragliders have a similar impact. Land for Wildlife Officer Siberia through East-Asia and South-East need to refuel (eat) quickly to put back on enough weight to be able to fly back to the Arctic The Australian Government has fostered Fireworks used adjacent to shorebird City of Gold Coast Asia to Australia and New Zealand. These six months later. Disturbing shorebirds while they eat (low tide) or rest (high tide) can impact individual agreements with Japan, China habitat also result in significant stress. birds breed in the northern hemisphere their ability to gain weight quickly. Photo by Todd Burrows.

10 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 11 Four-spined Jewel Spider book reviews

A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia By Robert Whyte and Greg Anderson

fauna profile y relationship with spiders has been This book is the most comprehensive Mone of fascination and fear. As a child, account of Australian spiders. Its friendly I collected spiders, fed spiders and lured layout with colour coding for major Spiders: Architects of the natural world spiders out of their hides. But it was always spider families helps organise this book like playing with fire – trepidation was into manageable sections. Apart from close by. I have watched my friend and introductory pages covering topics such as colleague, Robert Whyte, take his interest spinnerets, webs and burrows, the text is atching a spider web across the face mesmerising symmetry in a hole about must have been made from a borer or in spiders from a position of determining limited to concise photograph captions. As Cwhile walking through the bush is an 1cm wide, in a living Brush Caperberry another animal as these spiders lack the the health of a bushland area, to one of such, it is designed to be flicked through to electrifying experience which I’m sure (Capparis arborea). At the time I was only ability to dig. Their web has a dense silken deep understanding and appreciation, assist identification. many of us have shared. Thankfully, I aware of tree funnel-webs building webs in entrance, with trip-lines radiating outwards combined with an insatiable drive to This book sets a new standard for spotted this vivid beauty (header image) trees like this, but Robert Whyte suspected presumably that warn the spider of nearby inspire others. Culminating in this stunning invertebrate field guides – lots of live before I was wearing her. This encounter this web was from an Ariadna species. insects/meals. Interestingly the spiders of new book, Robert’s passion for spiders has animal photos enabling readers to have a Published by CSIRO Publishing, 2017 occurred while wandering around a Feeling inspired to find out the exact this family only have six eyes and not the helped me, and many others, expand our crack at identification themselves. It paves Paperback, colour photos, 464 pages Melaleuca swamp on a Land for Wildlife species, I submitted a photo through the usual eight, and their first three pairs of appreciation and reduce our fear of these the way for anyone to get involved with property in Ransome in August 2016. ‘Ask an Expert’ page on the Queensland legs are arranged in a forward position, to animals. Price: $49.95 Museum Discovery Centre website at www. facilitate their tube-dwelling life. invertebrate taxonomy and demonstrates In a small thin web hung this female, her Available from CSIRO Publishing or qm.qld.gov.au This fantastic service puts The photographs in this book are striking that we all can meaningfully contribute body 5mm long, with her shiny spiny Spiders of the Ariadna have not been select online and in-person book stores. your request to the experts, and I received and reflect the fortunate era we live in to scientific knowledge. Given that only abdomen about 20mm wide and looking well studied, which is not a surprise given Also available as an eBook. a reply within a couple of days. whereby travel, communication and high- one-quarter of all Australian spiders have very much like a brightly coloured spiny their cryptic nature, and they are rarely end photography are easily accessible. All been identified, and that 90% of Australian Review by Deborah Metters surfboard lashed across her back. At the QM confirmed this web was characteristic encountered by people so it is unknown 1300 photographs are of living animals, spiders are found nowhere else in the edge of the web was her much smaller of tube-dwelling spiders in Genus Ariadna, whether they are venomous. They certainly many staring down the lens, captivating world, I believe that this book will help male counterpart, whom I didn’t get a Family Segestriidae but without a visual of provide fascinating architecture. the reader. create more amateur arachnologists. good look at before the hanging branch the actual spider they could not determine Article and photos that the web was attached to fell, and the the species. by Fflur Collier female abseiled across to a nearby tree and Ariadna species build retreats in rotted Land for Wildlife Officer hid under the leaves. knotholes in trees and sometimes in Brisbane City Council Having never seen any spider like this I was between rocks and logs. This tree hole very excited to identify the species, and my first port of call for a visual confirmation The Australian Bird Guide was the website www.arachne.org.au. This website is full of amazing high resolution By Peter Menkhorst, Danny Rogers, Rohan Clarke, Jeff Davies, photos, being the online annex for the Peter Marsack and Kim Franklin new reference A Field Guide to the Spiders of Australia (reviewed on facing page). first heard about the development of this collected to inform the artwork. As a A search of this website led me to the Orb- Ibook in 2010 (two years after it started) result, this book expresses the explosion weavers of the family Gasteracanthinae, when birding friends of mine spent time of information on Australian birds that but there was no picture of my spider. A with renowned HANZAB (Handbook of has come with the digital photography quick email to the spiderific Robert Whyte, Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic revolution of the last 15 years. It provides revealed that no, I had not discovered Birds) illustrator Jeff Davies (the main an unprecedented view into the variation artist for this book), in his Melbourne a new species, but a Four-spined Jewel within species and diagnostic features studio. With his painstaking attention to Spider (Gasteracantha quadrispinosa), and to aid with identification (especially for it happened to be a species that Robert detail, I knew this was going to be the bird some of the most difficult groups such as had never seen or photographed himself. guide to have. I’ve never anticipated the publication of a book so much. Seven years seabirds and migratory shorebirds). I was chuffed at my luck in finding a critter later, I can confirm the long wait has been With this book in hand, the reader will Published by CSIRO Publishing, 2017 that such a keen arachnologist had not yet Softcover, full colour illustrations, well worth it! more easily be able to identify the 900 seen, and I marvelled at the sheer diversity 576 pages of spider fauna in our region. This species This collaborative effort, by the known Australian species using the 4700 is well camouflaged against foliage or bark experienced authors and illustrators, has detailed illustrations, text descriptions and Price: $49.95 and eats smaller arthropods caught in drawn on the knowledge and photography distribution maps. This monumental work Available from CSIRO Publishing or webs that hang about 2m from the ground of the Australian birding community with will be of interest to anyone wanting to select online and in-person book stores. (around head height). a catalogue of half a million bird images learn more about Australian birds. Review by Todd Burrows My spider journey continued later that Spiders in the Genus Ariadna build webs with dense silken entrances with trip-lines month in Brookfield when we found radiating outwards, which alert the web owner of nearby insects/meals. I found this a delicate silken abode built with tube-dwelling spider’s web in a Capparis arborea tree.

12 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 13 flora profile landscape conservation Mangrove Fern The Little Liverpool Initiative Bridgette Chilli Davis, a Mooloolah Kabi Kabi woman (inset), provides traditional knowledge on the Mangrove Fern. Image on left - Mangrove Fern growing in an estuary on a Land for Wildlife property at Ninderry. Image on right - spores on fertile fronds.

erns. They grow in lush moss covered told me about her family’s traditional use of The Mangrove Fern is one of the first Frainforests and along the banks of the Mangrove Fern: plants to colonise after a disturbance and sparkling mountain gullies, right? Not quite. often inhabits areas cleared of mangroves. “The bulbs of the Mangrove Fern stalk It is particularly valuable for reducing Ferns are a diverse group of plants that were pounded down to make a flour, coastal erosion and filtering nutrients and grow in a variety of different ecosystem this was mixed with water, flattened into Within the Little are sediment. properties with expansive vistas, dry types, including aquatic, mangroves, shape and cooked on rocks in the fire, to vine scrubs, open eucalypt forests and coastal heath, eucalypt forest and of make a type of salty flat bread.” Marine plants that grow on or adjacent course rainforest. Characterised by being to tidal lands (including the Mangrove grazing land – a mix of ecosystems and Although the Mangrove Fern tolerates salt a vascular plant that doesn’t produce Fern) are protected under the Fisheries opportunities for wildlife. water inundation from time to time it tends flowers, fruit or seeds but rather reproduces Act 1994, and the destruction, damage or not to grow in salt water permanently. It predominantly by spores. disturbance of marine plants is prohibited also doesn’t mind freshwater inundation hen you mention the Little Liverpool Range Initiative was formed, providing This concept of landscape conservation without prior approval from Fisheries Walking through an estuarine ecosystem and occurs a relatively long way up Range (The Range) to someone a collaborative approach to conserving will be explored at an evening event on 22 Queensland. W dominated by mangroves, with kingfishers estuaries. in conversation you would probably be and enhancing The Range. This Initiative November 2017. Hosted by the Gainsdale diving above and soldier crabs scuttling met with a blank stare. But nestled about involves three Local Governments, Healthy Group and Ipswich City Council this event During a recent Land for Wildlife property Article and photos by below, you could be excused for thinking Land & Water, University of Queensland, will focus on landscape conservation within visit, I observed the Mangrove Fern Danielle Crawford 40 minutes from the Ipswich CBD and that the likelihood of seeing a fern is up Qld Trust for Nature, the Gainsdale Group growing in clumps along a 600m stretch Land for Wildlife Officer bordering the Ipswich, Lockyer Valley the context of the Little Liverpool Range there with seeing a pig fly. However, the and local landholders. A strong focus is of a tributary of the North . Sunshine Coast Council and Scenic Rim Council areas is a wildlife and the Great Eastern Ranges Initiatives. Mangrove Fern (Acrostichum speciosum) Where the creek first enters the property, corridor that is home to a number of placed on community involvement by Guest Speakers include Harvey Locke is actually a relatively common species of it is dominated by Weeping Lillypilly significant species including Glossy Black holding workshops and events, as well as – an internationally renowned pioneer mangrove swamps, riverine estuaries and (Waterhousea floribunda) but by the time Cockatoo, Powerful Owl, Brush-tailed Rock- inviting landholders within the Range to of landscape-scale conservation and cliff-faces by the sea. Its distribution in it leaves the property, the dominant wallaby, Little Pied Bat and Slender Milk get involved in the Initiative. co-founder of the Yellowstone to Yukon Australia spreads from north-eastern New Vine to name a few. Conservation Initiative, and Bob Debus – vegetation is a mix of mangrove species. I Conserving wildlife corridors like The South Wales all the way along the coast to chairperson of the Great Eastern Ranges undertook some sampling of salinity levels Range, which provide links to larger north-western Western Australia. The Range provides a link between Main Initiative. and as expected there is salt water mixing Range National Park and the Great Eastern conservation areas, is essential to assist This species has leathery, stiff fronds that occurring on the property as it changes Ranges and contains a significant amount in the movement of native species There are limited tickets available for this stand upright to almost 2m in some areas. from near fresh water to salt water. The of remnant vegetation. As a result, The and increase species ability to adapt event so if you are interested in attending, It has a shallow underground system of mangrove fern occurs throughout this Range has been identified as an important to climate change, which will become please email [email protected]. modified stems that run horizontally, called stretch of creek, supporting claims in the . increasingly difficult with current rates of au for further information. rhizomes. These rhizomes become massive literature that it tolerates a wide range of fragmentation. Private land holdings within in old specimens. Although predominantly salinity levels. Article by Nick Swanson There is good potential for long- these corridors are essential to achieving an estuarine species, it is not restricted to Land for Wildlife Officer As you can imagine, clumping masses term conservation of The Range as the overall conservation goals. Even when those ecosystems and has been observed Ipswich City Council of Mangrove Fern make great refuge there is minimal pressure from urban an individual property has low biodiversity growing at the headwaters of some rivers. encroachment, as well as an opportunity to values low due to previous land use, Photos by Dennis Gannaway for a broad range of fauna that occur in expand the existing remnant vegetation. its biodiversity contribution to a larger Rural Area Manager I spoke to Bridgette Chilli Davis, a estuarine environments. To achieve this, the Little Liverpool corridor may be considered very high. Healthy Land and Water Mooloolah Kabi Kabi woman, who kindly

14 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017 15 book reviews

A Nature Guide to Mangroves to North Stradbroke Mountains Island - Minjerribah (Second Edition)

ongratulations to Friends of en years after its CStradbroke Island (FOSI), a community group that Tfirst release, Mangroves to champions Minjerribah’s environmental values, for producing this Mountains continues to be the definitive field guide to captivating book. Packed with stunning photographs this book is part native plants of SEQ. This book is now even better with the field guide, part touring guide. recent release of the second edition. It now provides full coverage of all wattles, all orchids, all gumtrees (eucalypts, The field guide component covers the native plants, birds, mammals, corymbias, lophostemons, angophoras and syncarpias) and frogs, reptiles and some invertebrates found on the island, plus the main impressively, all flowering rainforest plants (trees, shrubs marine aquatic animals such as dolphins and whales. A suite of nature and vines) found in SEQ. photographers generously provided images to create this practical photographic guide. The sections on sedges and grasses have also been expanded. In total, 250 species have been added to this The touring guide component presents well-known and off-the-track second edition bringing the total number of plants covered places to visit on Minjerribah. A clever seasonal guide outlines monthly to just over 2450 species. Surprisingly, despite this increase highlights such as plants in flower, birds breeding, butterflies emerging in content, the second edition is thinner in size thanks to or manta rays returning. Combined, these sections can be helpful trip different paper. planners. The life-long work of the authors in documenting our While Quandamooka place names are mentioned throughout and the native flora is reflected in this book, plus their passion for Quandamooka People’s Native Title is acknowledged, this book is not a educating others and sharing their skills. We are fortunate in cultural guide to Minjerribah. However, tantalising photos such as the SEQ to have such an incredible resource at our fingertips. enormous Main Beach midden taken in the 1960s left me wanting more A perfect Christmas gift for those who love the outdoors. indigenous cultural content. A companion Cultural Guide maybe? This is a must-have book for Straddie lovers. By Glenn Leiper, Denis Cox, Jan Glazebrook & Kerry Rathie Published by Branch of Native Plants Edited by Mary Barram and Sue Ellen Carew Queensland, 2017 Published by Friends of Stradbroke Island, 2017 Paperback, colour photos, 576 pages Soft cover, colour photos, 352 pages Price: $50 Price: $35 Available from www.mangrovestomountains.com and Available from www.fosi.org.au and select bookstores select bookstores Reviews by Deborah Metters

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Land for Wildlife South East Queensland Opinions expressed by contributors to the Land Printed on EcoStar Silk 100% post-consumer newsletter is published by Healthy Land and for Wildlife South East Queensland newsletter recycled paper, FSC certified, chlorine-free Water through funding from the Australian are not necessarily those of the Land for Wildlife process and made carbon neutral. Printed by Government’s National Landcare Programme. program nor any of the supporting agencies. Greenridge Press, Toowoomba using vegetable based inks.

16 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland October 2017