animals Article Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Italian Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Giulietta Minozzi 1,*,† , Barbara Lazzari 2,† , Maria Grazia De Iorio 1, Cecilia Costa 3, Emanuele Carpana 3, Paola Crepaldi 4 , Rita Rizzi 1, Elena Facchini 5, Gustavo Gandini 1, Alessandra Stella 2 and Giulio Pagnacco 2 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine DIMEVET, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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[email protected] (G.P.) 3 CREA-Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy;
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[email protected] (E.C.) 4 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy DISAA, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
[email protected] 5 Hendrix Genetics Research, Technology & Services B.V., Spoorstraat 69, 5831 CK Boxmeer, The Netherlands;
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[email protected] † These authors have equally contributed to this work. Simple Summary: The purpose of this study was to (i) explore the population structure of the A.m. ligustica which is widely distributed along the entire Italian peninsula, (ii) quantify the intro- gression of A.m. carnica, Buckfast, and A.m. mellifera bees in the two autochthonous Italian subspecies A.m. ligustica and A.m. sicula, and to (iii) to propose conservation strategies for the two autochthonous Citation: Minozzi, G.; Lazzari, B.; De subspecies.