Volumes 1–40 Index 2018 Robin Burch
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Waltz's Theory of Theory
WALTZ’S THEORY OF THEORY 201 Waltz’s Theory of Theory Ole Wæver Abstract Waltz’s 1979 book, Theory of International Politics, is the most infl uential in the history of the discipline. It worked its effects to a large extent through raising the bar for what counted as theoretical work, in effect reshaping not only realism but rivals like liberalism and refl ectivism. Yet, ironically, there has been little attention paid to Waltz’s very explicit and original arguments about the nature of theory. This article explores and explicates Waltz’s theory of theory. Central attention is paid to his defi nition of theory as ‘a picture, mentally formed’ and to the radical anti-empiricism and anti-positivism of his position. Followers and critics alike have treated Waltzian neorealism as if it was at bottom a formal proposition about cause–effect relations. The extreme case of Waltz being so victorious in the discipline, and yet being so consistently misinterpreted on the question of theory, shows the power of a dominant philosophy of science in US IR, and thus the challenge facing any ambitious theorising. The article suggests a possible movement of fronts away from the ‘fourth debate’ between rationalism and refl ectivism towards one of theory against empiricism. To help this new agenda, the article introduces a key literature from the philosophy of science about the structure of theory, and particularly about the way even natural science uses theory very differently from the way IR’s mainstream thinks it does – and much more like the way Waltz wants his theory to be used. -
International Relations Theory and Multilateralism: the Search for Foundations Author(S): James A
International Relations Theory and Multilateralism: The Search for Foundations Author(s): James A. Caporaso Source: International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Summer, 1992), pp. 599-632 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2706990 Accessed: 24-01-2019 14:28 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms The MIT Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Organization This content downloaded from 64.28.140.228 on Thu, 24 Jan 2019 14:28:56 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms International relations theory and multilateralism: the search for foundations James A. Caporaso Why has the concept of multilateralism not played a more prominent role in theories of international relations? The prima facie case for the importance of multilateral activity in the international realm would seem great. The world, we constantly tell ourselves, is increasingly drawn together. The Swedish econo- mist Assar Lindbeck argues that most external effects of production and consumption are external not only to the household but also to the country in which they occur.1 According to many different indicators, interdependence is on the increase in nearly all parts of the world. -
Chair of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (Ms
GA65 Third Committee Subject to change – Status as of 8 October 2010 Special procedure mandate-holders, Chairs of human rights treaty bodies or Chairs of Working Groups presenting reports Monday, 11 October (am) Chair of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (Ms. Xiaoqiau ZOU, Vice-Chair, on behalf of Ms. Naela GABR, Chair of CEDAW) – oral report and interactive dialogue. Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Ms. Rashida MANJOO – oral report Wednesday, 13 October (pm) Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children, Ms. Marta SANTOS PAIS. Chair of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, Ms. Yanghee LEE - oral report. Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Ms. Najat M’jid MAALLA Monday, 18 October (am) Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedom of indigenous people, Mr. James ANAYA Tuesday, 19 October (am) Chair of the Committee against Torture, Mr. Claudio GROSSMAN – oral report and interactive dialogue. Chair of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture, Mr. Victor Manuel RODRIGUEZ RESCIA – oral report and interactive dialogue. Wednesday, 20 October (pm) Independent Expert on minority issues, Ms. Gay McDOUGALL. Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Mr. Tomas Ojea QUINTANA. Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Mr. Richard FALK. Thursday, 21 October (am) Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Mr. Olivier DE SCHUTTER. Independent expert on the effects of foreign debt and other related international financial obligations of States on the full enjoyment of human rights, particularly economic, social and cultural rights, Mr. -
Is International Relations Relevant for International Money and Finance?
Is International Relations Relevant for International Money and Finance? Thomas B. Pepinsky David A. Steinberg Department of Government Department of Political Science Cornell University University of Oregon [email protected] [email protected] FIRST DRAFT: August 5, 2014 THIS DRAFT: December 3, 2014 Is International Relations Relevant for International Money and Finance?* This paper investigates whether the discipline of international relations (IR) has contributed to international monetary and financial policy, and how it might do so more effectively. Using data from the Teaching, Research & International Policy (TRIP) surveys of policymakers, scholars, and academic journals, we show that IR research on money and finance remains a small fraction of all published IR research, and IR research on this issue rarely provides concrete policy prescriptions. This is unfortunate because scholars and policymakers agree that international money and finance are central concerns for contemporary policy. We suggest that the paucity of policy-oriented IR research on money and finance is largely a consequence of the relative success of economics in providing policymakers with the tools they need to understand economic policy problems, but that this is exacerbated by disciplinary incentives within the IR community. Increasing the policy relevance of academic IR research on money and finance will require changes to scholarly practice, and greater effort to capitalize on the complementarity of IR and economics. Although IR scholars have little influence -
The Human Right to Adequate Housing Adequate to Human Right The
The Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE) undertakes a wide variety of activities supporting the full realization of housing rights for everyone, everywhere. COHRE actively campaigns against forced evictions wherever they occur or are planned, and views forced evictions—as does the United Nations and international law generally—as a gross violation of a range of human rights, in particular the right to adequate housing. 1 The Human9 Right4 to5 Adequate Housing to 1945 1999 The Human Right to Adequate Housing Adequate to Human Right The chronology of United Nations Activity to 1999 Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions 83 Rue de Montbrillant 1202 Geneva Switzerland tel/fax: + 41.22.734.1028 e-mail: [email protected] cohre ISBN: 92-95004-02-7 www.cohre.org Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions 1 The Human9 Right4 to5 Adequate Housing 1999to chronology of United Nations Activity cohre Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions February 2000 “The peoples of the United Nations are determined to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women …” United Nations Charter, 1945 “Universal human rights begin … In small places, close to home – so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any map of the world.” Eleanor Roosevelt, 1958 More and more the focus is being put on the identification of new approaches to development, not so much based on the notion of needs, but on the concept of rights … There are many issues … from the integrated approach to all human rights to the role of the State in fulfilling social and economic rights and the role of civil society in achieving sustainable human development. -
Report of the Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order in Spanish
Naciones Unidas A/HRC/30/44 Asamblea General Distr. general 14 de julio de 2015 Español Original: inglés Consejo de Derechos Humanos 30º período de sesiones Tema 3 de la agenda Promoción y protección de todos los derechos humanos, civiles, políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales, incluido el derecho al desarrollo Informe del Experto Independiente sobre la promoción de un orden internacional democrático y equitativo, Alfred-Maurice de Zayas* Resumen El presente informe aborda los efectos adversos para los derechos humanos de los acuerdos internacionales de inversión, los tratados bilaterales de inversión y los acuerdos multilaterales de libre comercio en el orden internacional, tanto en los aspectos de procedimiento, en relación con su elaboración, negociación, aprobación y aplicación, como en cuanto al fondo, examinando su constitucionalidad y sus efectos en la gobernanza democrática, incluido el ejercicio de las funciones reguladoras del Estado para promover el goce de los derechos civiles, culturales, económicos, políticos y sociales. Se reclama un examen ex ante y una evaluación ex post de los efectos para los derechos humanos, la salud y el medio ambiente y se propone un plan de acción para lograr un cambio sistémico. Puesto que todos los Estados están obligados por la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, todos los tratados deben ser conformes con ella, en particular con sus Artículos 1, 2, 55 y 56. Al tiempo que se reconoce que la globalización puede contribuir a los derechos humanos y el desarrollo, la experiencia sugiere que a menudo los derechos humanos se han subordinado a los dogmas del fundamentalismo del mercado, al estar orientada la actividad a la obtención de beneficios más que al desarrollo sostenible. -
Environmental Human Rights Defenders a Global Crisis
PoliCY BriEf EnvironmEntal Human rigHts DEfEnDErs A global crisis John H. Knox february 2017 PrEFACE Environmental human rights defenders (EHrDs) are in the past, human rights organisations may have seen individuals and groups who ‘strive to protect and promote environmental advocates as primarily focused on issues human rights relating to the environment.’1 they come that fall outside their mandate; and environmental from many different backgrounds and work in different organisations, while often cognisant of the threats faced ways. some are lawyers or journalists, but many are by EHrDs, have historically been less aware of the ‘ordinary people living in remote villages, forests or relevance of human rights law and institutions. mountains, who may not even be aware that they are acting as environmental human rights defenders.’2 in in recent years, a number of civil society organisations many cases, they are representatives of indigenous and un experts have taken steps to reverse this neglect peoples and traditional communities whose lands and and shine an increasingly bright light on the situation of ways of life are threatened by large projects such as EHrDs. global Witness and other ngos, together with dams, logging, mining or oil extraction. the un special rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, have begun to map and describe this What they all have in common is that they work to protect global crisis. in this report, we draw on and supplement the environment on which a vast range of human rights their work, with the aim of further increasing attention depend. We cannot fully enjoy our rights, including to the problem and identifying possible solutions. -
International History and International Relations Theory: a Dialogue Beyond the Cold War
International History and International Relations theory: a dialogue beyond the Cold War CAROLINE KENNEDY-PIPE It has been observed, too often perhaps, that we either learn from history or that we do not learn from history. Yet for all its familiarity, such a sentiment sometimes bears repeating. The ambiguous, indeed at times downright hostile relationship that has characterized the relationship between scholars of Inter- national History and their counterparts in International Relations (especially International Relations theory) is one such case. For a good part of the last forty years they have engaged in what amounts to their own version of a cold war, a war in which, as so often, truth—or at least the search for it—has been the first victim. This article seeks to trace the parameters of the relationship as it exists today, arguing that we have recently seen a thawing between the two fields— especially but not only in the British academic community—and outlining some reasons for this. Of course, there is an enormous range of work in International History and it would be quite impossible, given the time and space available here, to do any- thing other than scratch the surface. So instead of trying to cover everything, I will offer one particular case, but a vital one for the interaction of International History and International Relations—the Cold War. By focusing on the debates *surrounding the Cold War itself, this article seeks to offer a way of thinking about the relationship between International History and International Relations theory that brings each into dialogue with the other, thereby enriching both. -
International Relations Theory and Multilateralism: the Search for Foundations James A
International relations theory and multilateralism: the search for foundations James A. Caporaso Why has the concept of multilateralism not played a more prominent role in theories of international relations? The prima facie case for the importance of multilateral activity in the international realm would seem great. The world, we constantly tell ourselves, is increasingly drawn together. The Swedish econo- mist Assar Lindbeck argues that most external effects of production and consumption are external not only to the household but also to the country in which they occur.1 According to many different indicators, interdependence is on the increase in nearly all parts of the world. International political economists talk about global indivisibilities, ranging from peace to pollution. Most important international problems—including pollution, energy, manag- ing airline traffic, and maintaining rules for trade and investment—intrinsically involve many countries simultaneously. What makes a problem international is that often it cannot be dealt with effectively within the national arena. Costs and benefits spill into the external arena. These external effects are frequently so great that domestic goals cannot be accomplished without coordinated multilateral action. This article was prepared for the Ford Foundation West Coast Workshop on Multilateralism, organized by John Gerard Ruggie. I am grateful to the Ford Foundation for financial support of the project. I also acknowledge the support of the Virginia and Prentice Bloedel Chair at the University of Washington as well as the Department of International Relations, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra. For their comments on earlier drafts of my article, I thank William Drake, Jeffry Frieden, Ronald Jepperson, Robert Keohane, Edgar Kiser, Stephen Krasner, Lisa Martin, George Modelski, Richard Sherman, Janice Thomson, Alexander Wendt, and several anonymous reviewers for International Organization and Columbia University Press. -
DOUGLASS CASSEL Counsel, King & Spalding 1185 Avenue of The
RESUME DOUGLASS CASSEL Counsel, King & Spalding 1185 Avenue of the Americas, 35th Floor New York, New York USA 10036 [email protected] 1 212 556 2361 April 2021 Douglass Cassel is a scholar, attorney and commentator specializing in international human rights law, especially with regard to issues of business and human rights, regional human rights systems, and international criminal and humanitarian law. He is former President of the Board of the Justice Studies Center of the Americas, to which he was elected four times by the Organization of American States, and of the Due Process of Law Foundation. He has served as consultant or counsel on human rights to the United Nations, Organization of American States, United States Department of State and Department of Justice, the Government of Colombia, the Government of Poland, the Ford Foundation, and numerous non-governmental human rights organizations. He lectures worldwide and his articles are published internationally in English and Spanish. As of July 2018, he is Emeritus Professor of Law at Notre Dame Law School. PRINCIPAL EMPLOYMENT: Counsel, King & Spalding, specializing in business and human rights, based in the firm’s New York office, September 2018 to date. Professor of Law, Notre Dame Law School (2005-2018). Lilly Endowment Professor of Law (2005-06); Notre Dame Presidential Fellow (2006-2018). Emeritus Professor and Notre Dame Presidential Fellow Emeritus (2018 to date). Courses: Public International Law; Universal Protection of Human Rights; Regional Protection of Human Rights; Transnational Corporations and Human Rights; International Criminal, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law; Accountability for Gross Violations of Human Rights; Transitional Justice; Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; English Legal History. -
Housing Rights Legislation: Re View of International and National Legal Instruments
Page 1 Housing rights legislation: Re view of international and national legal instruments Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Executive summary I. Introduction: From the promotion to the protection of housing rights I.A. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights I.B. International Covenants and Conventions I.C. General Comments and Recommendations adopted by United Nations Treaty-Monitoring Bodies I.D. United Nations resolutions I.E. Other international declarations on housing rights I.F. OHCHR and UN-HABITAT I.G. Other United Nations mechanisms I.H. Conclusion II. Housing rights as progressive legal obligations II.A. Terminology II.B. Are states obliged to build homes for everyone? II.C. Legal obligations of housing rights II.D. Conclusion III. Implementing housing rights through national law: a key focus of the Global Campaign for Secure Tenure III.A. Constitutional recognition III.B. Are states required to adopt national legislation in support of housing rights? III.C. Is national legislation sufficient? IV. National legislation on housing rights IV.A. Constitutional protection IV.B. General policy statements on housing IV.C. Legal security of tenure IV.D. Protection from forced eviction Page 2 IV.E. Protection from forced eviction by non-state actors IV.F. Non-discrimination IV.G. Non-discrimination: gender issues and customary law IV.H. Provision of affordable housing for the poor IV.I. Accessibility IV.J. Restitution IV.K. Habitability IV.L. Homelessness IV.M. Land rights V. Enforcing housing rights V.A. Violations of economic, social and cultural rights V.B. Violations of housing rights V.C. Judicial and other remedies for housing rights violations V.D. -
Conflict and Housing, Land, and Property Rights
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00506-8 — Conflict and Housing, Land and Property Rights Scott Leckie , Chris Huggins Frontmatter More Information Conflict and Housing, Land, and Property Rights Housing, land, and property (HLP) rights, as rights, are widely recognized throughout international human rights and humanitarian law and provide a clear and consistent legal normative framework for developing better approaches to the HLP challenges faced by the United Nations and others seeking to build long-term peace. This book analyzes the ubiquitous HLP challenges present in all confl ict and postconfl ict settings. It will bridge the worlds of the practitioner and the theorist by combining an overview of the international legal and policy frameworks on HLP rights with dozens of detailed case studies demonstrating country experiences from around the world. The book will be of particular interest to professors and students of international relations, law, human rights, and peace-and-confl ict studies, but will have a wider readership among practi- tioners working for international institutions such as the UN and the World Bank, non- governmental organizations, and national agencies in the developing world. Scott Leckie is the Founder and Director of Displacement Solutions ( www .displacementsolutions.org ), an organization dedicated to resolving cases of forced dis- placement throughout the world. He also recently founded and directs the charitable organization Oneness World ( www.onenessworld.org ), which supports small research and other projects promoting global citizenship and peaceful and evolutionary ways of building a post-nation-state world. He is also the founder of the Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE – www.cohre.org ), an organization he headed from 1991 to 2007.