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Bachelorarbeit-Hofmann-2015.Pdf Hochschule Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences Fachbereich Landschaftswissenschaften und Geomatik Bachelorarbeit Das Vorkommen des UrzeitkrebsesEubranchipus grubii (Dy- bowski, 1860) im Raum Neubrandenburg - Ökologie, Gefährdung und Schutz Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Bachelor of Science (B. Sc.) Vorgelegt von: Oliver Hofmann Studiengang: Naturschutz und Landnutzungsplanung Betreuer: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Mathias Grünwald Dipl.-Ing. Roland Türk URN : urn:nbn: de:gbv: 519-thesis2015-0199-1 Neubrandenburg, 21.08.2015 Bachelorarbeit 2015 Oliver Hofmann Abstract Abstract Eubranchipus grubii is one of four large Branchiopoda species, which can be found in Meck­ lenburg-Western Pomerania. Large Branchiopodae have inhabited the earth for millions of years practically unchanged by evolution.. In this bachelor thesis the distribution of Eubranchipus grubii in the area of Neubrandenburg was examined. Until recently only two coincidental findings had been reported and the exact distribution of Eubranchipus grubii in the Neubrandenburg area was relatively unclear. How­ ever, due to the two mentioned findings, a more widespread distribution in the area was as­ sumed. In a first step 360 possible habitats were identified. Evidence of Eubranchipus grubii was found in 35 of these waters. The 35 temporary small water bodies are almost exclusively lo­ cated in agricultural environments. In March 2015, an area of 295 km2 around the city of Neubrandenburg was examined for pos­ sible habitats. After the first findings, in April 2015 the exploration was narrowed down to an area south of Neubrandenburg, in the surroundings of Penzlin, Peckatel and Hohenzieritz. In that area of 14.9 km2, every potential habitat of Eubranchipus grubii was examined. 31 of 35 findings were made here. In a next step typical characteristics and hydrochemical parameters of the habitats were ana­ lyzed. The waters were categorized according to extension of surface, maximum depth, level of shade, as well as according to occurrence of macrophytes and phytoplanktons. Hydrochem­ ical parameters such as pH-value, conductivity, temperature and hardness of water as well as concentration of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphate were documented. High levels of nutrient load were found m most of the examined waters. These findings might be explained by the presence of adjacent agricultural areas. Das Vorkorrunen des Urzeitkrebses Eubranchipus qruoii im Raum Neubrandenburg. Seite 2 Bachelorarbeit 2015 Oliver Hofmann Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung................................................................................................................................. 5 Abkürzungsverzeichnis............................................................................................................ 6 Wissenschaftlicher Kenntnisstand zur Ökologie, Gefährdung und Schutz von Groß- Branchiopoden und Eubranchipus grubii 1. Biologie und Ökologie.........................................................................................................7 1.1 Taxonomie........................................................................................................................7 1.2 Evolutionsgeschichte........................................................................................................8 1.3 Morphologiewon Eubranchipus grubii ..........................................................................10 1.4 Lebensweise...................................................................................................................12 1.5 Habitat............................................................................................................................15 1.6 Prädatoren.......................................................................................................................16 2. Vorkommen und Verbreitung...............................................................................................17 2.1 Vorkommen weltweit.....................................................................................................17 2.2 Vorkommen in Deutschland...........................................................................................17 2.3 Vorkommen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern................................................................... 19 3. Gefährdung und Schutz........................................................................................................21 3.1 Bedrohungen der Habitate..............................................................................................21 3 .2 Gefährdung und gesetzlicher Schutz..............................................................................22 3.3 Schutzproblematik..........................................................................................................23 3 .4 Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Arten und Lebensräume...................................................24 3.5 Positivbeispiel: Groß-Branchiopoden-Schutz Österreich...............................................26 Methodik und Ergebnisse der Kartierung im Raum Neubrandenburg 4. Untersuchungsgebiet............................................................................................................27 4.1 Lage und Größe des Untersuchungsgebietes..................................................................27 4.2 Geologie und Naturräumliche Zuordnung......................................................................28 4.3 Solle als charakteristische Landschaftselemente............................................................29 4.4 Klima..............................................................................................................................31 4.5 Landnutzung...................................................................................................................33 4.6 Entwicklung der Solle unter anthropogenen Einflüssen.................................................33 5. Methodik und Materialien....................................................................................................35 5.1 Untersuchungszeitraum................................................................................................35 Das Vorkommen des Urzeitkrebses Eubranchipus qruou im Raum Neubrandenbur^ Seite 3 Bachelorarbeit 2015 Oliver Hofmann Inhaltsverzeichnis 5.2 Verwendete Materialien.................................................................................................35 5.3 Methodik.........................................................................................................................36 5.3.1 Vorgehensweise im Gelände...................................................................................36 5.3.2 Vorgehensweise im Labor.....................................................................................40 5.3.3 Vorgehensweise beim Zusammenfassen der Ergebnisse........................................42 6 Ergebnisse..............................................................................................................................46 6.1 Gewässer im Untersuchungsgebiet.................................................................................46 6.2 Gewässer mit Nachweis von Enbranchipus grubii ........................................................47 6.2.1 Gewässer EG 3 ........................................................................................................48 6.2.2 Gewässer EG 6 ........................................................................................................51 6.2.3 Gewässer EG 7 ........................................................................................................53 6.2.4 Gewässer EG 11......................................................................................................56 6.2.5 Gewässer EG 19......................................................................................................58 6.3 Unterschiede in der Gewässermorphologie........................................................................61 6.4 Fauna und Flora der untersuchten Gewässer......................................................................65 6.5 Hydrochemische Parameter der untersuchten Gewässer....................................................72 7. Diskussion............................................................................................................................75 7.1 Zusammenfassung der Hauptergebnisse........................................................................75 7.2 Diskussion der Methodik................................................................................................77 7.3 Diskussion der Ergebnisse..............................................................................................78 7.5 Weiterführende wissenschaftliche Fragen....................................................................81 7.4 Naturschutzfachliche Aspekte und Empfehlungen.........................................................82 8. Zusammenfassung................................................................................................................84 Glossar......................................................................................................................................85 Literaturverzeichnis..................................................................................................................86 Internetquellen..........................................................................................................................91
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