Vol. 25 No. 96 Wednesday, January 30, 2019 Pages 8, Price 2.00 NFA

Encouraging activities toward and Hungary sign Framework Agreement realizing Strategic development goals Ms. Amina Nurhussen, by Dr. Kesetebrhan Solomon, head Minister of Health indicated that of the branch office, the number praiseworthy activities are being of pregnant women delivering conducted toward realizing the in health facilities has increased Strategic Development Goals. significantly, the coverage of Minister Amina made the comments vaccinations has reached 76%, and at an activity assessment meeting commendable efforts have been of the Anseba region Ministry of conducted in cooperation with Health branch held on 23 and 24 the Gash Barka region to control January in Keren. the prevalence of communicable diseases. She also called for integrated efforts for realizing the 2017-2021 Participants at the meeting also Strategic Development Goals. conducted extensive discussions on the report presented and adopted According to the report presented various recommendations.

Eritrea and Hungary today that preceded the signing of the other officials and members of signed a Framework Agreement agreement, Hungarian Foreign the business community. to enhance bilateral cooperation. Minister, Mr. Peter Szijjarto The signing ceremony was congratulated Eritrea for the conducted in Budapest, where peace agreement signed with an Eritrean delegation composed and stated that the of Foreign Minister Osman new developments will create a Saleh and Presidential Adviser very conducive environment for MoE: annual activity assessment meeting Yemane Ghebreab are currently enhanced cooperation. conducting a three-day working The Ministry of Education made to develop the educational campaigns have been conducted to visit. During its stay in Budapest, conducted an annual activity policy and plan of action for 2018- enhance educational facilities and During the bilateral meeting the Eritrean delegation will meet assessment meeting to review the 2022, to revise the curriculum and the supply of materials. past year and also outline its plans consider its impact, and to develop and programs for 2019. human resources, Minister Semere Participants at the meeting stated that the overall revision of the conducted extensive discussions In opening remarks, Mr. Semere education sector is being finalized. on the reports presented and Eritrean National Cycling Team Russom, Minister of Education, adopted various recommendations, explained that conducting an annual According to reports presented including the need to organize wins Amissa Bongo competition activity assessment is important at the meeting, various research capacity upgrading programs for to help identify strengths and and training programs have been teachers and others pertinent to the The Eritrean National Cycling Team emerged victorious at the challenges and thereby improve the conducted in order to develop and improving the teaching-learning 14th Amissa Bongo cycling competition held in from 21 to 27 quality of education. improve the teaching-learning process. They also discussed the January. process, textbooks in all languages implementation of the action plan Indicating that efforts have been have been prepared, and widespread for 2019. The Eritrean team included Daniel Teklehaimanot, Metkel Eyob, Henok Mulubrhan, Biniam Girmai, Sirak Tesfom, and Aaron Debretsion.

Sirak Tesfom won the “King of the Mountain” competition while Henok Mulubrahan won the “Best Young Rider” award.

At the competition, Niccolo Bonifazia, from the French Team, “Direct Energie”, was the overall winner, while Sirak Tesfom stood fifth, Metkel Eyob sixth, Daniel Teklehaimanot ninth and Henok Mulubrhan tenth. In the team competition, Eritrea emerged as winners.

The Amissa Bongo cycling competition is a road cycling race held in Gabon and is part of the UCI Tour. It stands as one of the most competitive and prominent cycling races in Africa. This year’s competition featured the national teams of Eritrea, Ethiopia, , , , , Cameron, Gabon and , with popular teams from France, Italy, and also taking part. Eritrea Profile,Wednesday, January 30, 2019 Vol 25 . No 96 2

National Confederation of Eritrean Workers to Capitalize on Emerging Development Opportunities

Kesete Ghebrehiwet recently conducted its second support the NCEW in its efforts to regular meeting. The meeting develop the Eritrean labor force. Workers are vanguards of featured extensive discussions He also noted that the NCEW development. A skilled labor on a range of topics, including has to cope with the emerging force is the vehicle for any regional developments, job economic and technological economic progress. Eritrean creation, productivity, recent and breakthroughs. The revitalization workers are key drivers behind general trends, and the role of the of local manufacturing industries, many of the developments NCEW in the new era of peace the production of quality, being registered in the country. that is emerging in the Horn of competitive products, and the The National Confederation of Africa. development of a strong, capable Eritrean Workers (NCEW) has a work force are the primary issues close connection with workers. It During the regular meeting, the at this time. is now required to play a decisive accomplishments registered by role in mobilizing, training, and the NCEW during 2017/18 were Interestingly, creating synergy upgrading the skills and capacity highlighted, while a work plan among various associations of workers so as to allow the labor for the upcoming year was also and reinforcing partnerships or force to drive socio-economic presented. agreements between the NCEW and industrial revitalization and and other institutions was topics growth. Equitable access to and discussed at great length. As distribution of social services in all well, key issues for 2019 were The NCEW has been training areas of Eritrea is one of the aims also discussed. These include: workers from various institutions of the government. Notably, this pension-related issues, worker international associations. Horn of Africa. in its training center in Massawa. can only be achieved through the rights and duties, restructuring of As part of its plans for 2019, However, now a new era of development of human resources. the NCEW, the creation of a viable As part of its efforts to enhance the NCEW is preparing an annual mutual cooperation is emerging As well, the preservation of venue for the enhancement of workers’ skills, the NCEW magazine, “Voice of Workers”, to in the Horn of Africa. Countries in cultural assets and upgrading soft strong ties among institutions, the provided a training workshop be published three times per year. this region are keen to strengthen power are pivotal to achieving opening of new training centers, for trainers in collaboration The provision of regular training their ties and cooperate in various such a grand goal. The role of creation of new job opportunities, with German wood and metal programs, in collaboration with socio-economic sectors. The role NCEW, as a pillar of the Eritrean shifting from an agriculture- experts. As well, other training Eritrea’s Center for Institutional that the NCEW is expected to work force, is significant in the based economy to one that is programs are being offered to Excellence, will be continued play is of paramount importance achievement of the envisaged technology-based and assisted, teachers in the Massawa Training and even enhanced in 2019. for the speedy implementation goals of economic progress. and ensuring the resolution of Center, in collaboration with There are also preparations to of development programs at the The production of high-quality challenges. SUKE, a Switzerland-based conduct a national survey of national and regional levels. The goods and organic agro-industrial organization. Notably, SUKE has Eritrea’s industrial productivity Central Committee of the NCEW products, and the nurturing of a Tekeste Bayre, Secretary of supported Eritrea for decades, in cooperation with the Ministry well-trained and qualified work the NCEW, highlighted various even during the long struggle for of Labor and Social Welfare. force, are a timely requirement. accomplishments registered by independence. Meeting international standards the NCEW during 2017 and 2018. Established in 2015, the will make Eritrean products more In the report that he presented, Recently, the NCEW held Massawa Training Center began competitive in the regional and Mr. Tekeste noted that the NCEW meetings with the Confederation of to offer vocational training in global market. has implemented various micro- Ethiopian Trade Unions (CETU), three fields. Currently, the Center credit programs that are aimed both in Eritrea and Ethiopia. These is providing a second round of Published Every Present at the meeting, Yemane at improving the living standards meetings have heralded a new era training to 294 workers in six Published Every Ghebreab, Head of political of nationals. The NCEW has of opportunities underpinned by fields of study. SaturdayPublished & Wednesday Every Wednesday & Saturday affairs at the PFDJ, expressed also worked hard to reinforce its cooperation among trade unions Saturday & Wednesday the government’s commitment to bilateral ties with regional and and labor organizations in the The NCEW vowed that it will work hard to increase its Acting Editor membership and to establish Acting Editor close ties with professionals in Amanuel Mesfun Amanuel Mesfun various disciplines. This will help [email protected] it and its members to capitalize [email protected] on emerging opportunities. P.O.Box: 247 P.O.Box: 247 Tel: 11-41-14 In line with the new era of Tel: 11-41-14 peace and cooperation, and Fax: 12-77-49 understanding that new job E-mail: opportunities are on the horizon, [email protected]@[email protected] zena.gov.er the NCEW has been preparing Advertisement: 12-50-13 a strategic five-year plan (for the period 2019-2023). Several important areas of focus include Layout the creation of decent work, AAzmerazmera BerhaneBerhane ensuring worker safety, and Sara Alem enhancing productivity. Last, the AidaSara JoharAlem NCEW concluded its meeting with the election of a five-member executive committee. Eritrea Profile,Wednesday, January 30, 2019 Vol 25 . No 96 3

Al-Jazeera’s wayward demeanor

Qatari-Government funded TV Doha has hosted for decades. collective and viable security campaigns, Al Jazeera further as illegal migration from Eritrea Channel, Al Jazeera, published architectures for combating asserts, in the same article, that is concerned, the phenomenon few days ago a defamatory article Let us now revert and address terrorism, piracy and other “the European Union agreed in was originally concocted by on Eritrea under the baffling title: Al Jazeera’s wayward conduct hegemonic designs that stoke 2015 to grant a package of 200 certain countries to wean the “From Abu Dhabi to Washington, and spurious allegations: crises to destabilize this vital million Euros to Eritrea with youth and undermine Eritrea’s how Eritrea turned into a new international maritime route. promises to train the security and defense capabilities. That was African weapon”. 1. First off, Eritrea is not judicial services to combat human the reason why Eritrea expressly in the business of “mortgaging 3. Al Jazeera falsely claims trafficking ... and that in fact it requested the UN to carry out The unsigned article, which its territory” for “military bases” that Eritrea has offered military can be classified as a common an independent investigation of evidently reflects the editorial to external powers: US, Russia bases to Iran in the past. In the European bribe”. As is well- this despicable crime of human policy of the Channel, is but the or others. The fact is Eritrea same breadth, Al Jazeera asserts known, in 1993, immediately trafficking with a view to redress latest in a series of gratuitous has never gone out of its way that Eritrea also hosts “military after its formal independence, the injustices perpetrated on the smear campaigns that the “to offer military bases to the presence and Israeli espionage Eritrea acceded to the Cotonou country. Channel has been churning out US”, or others who may indulge center in the Dahlak Islands”. Agreement that brings together intermittently both in its English such ambitions, in order to curry These allegations are not only the EU and 75 African and 5.The Ministry of Information and Arabic TV broadcasts as well favour with them or for short-term patently false but they also defy Caribbean countries. A cursory had lodged formal complaints to as in its printed media websites. financial gains. Naturally, it has logic and common sense. How examination of publicly available Al Jazeera several times in the past an interest in cultivating warm can Eritrea host two mortal documents would have revealed in the hope of finding remedies to What has prompted Al Jazeera to diplomatic and economic ties enemies in its territory? Would that Eritrea has benefitted from these unwarranted and erroneous wage relentless smear campaigns with the US and other countries Eritrea be so blind to mix oil EU development funds (EDF) reports. These approaches were against Eritrea in the past few on the basis of mutual respect. and fire and render itself a that are disbursed to all ACP never heeded, apparently because years remains a riddle that the battlefield with all the perils that signatories in five-year cycles. the disinformation campaigns corporation has to explain. What 2. Eritrea does not, also, this entails? Furthermore, and The 200 million Euro support emanate from a deliberate policy is more puzzling is Al Jazeera’s pursue reckless policies and this palpable argument aside, that Al Jazeera cites is indeed to advance some negative agenda. audacity and duplicity to liberally “military alliances with external Al Jazeera knows full well that part and parcel of this 11th EDF Although these campaigns may impugn Eritrea (and other powers” to advance strategies there are no military bases in the development assistance that the confuse some of its audience in countries in the Gulf-Horn of that precipitate instability and Dahlak islands as these sites have EU implements with all ACP the short term, Al Jazeera is the Africa region) for “foreign policy wreak havoc in the region. But, long been destinations of ongoing member States. Al Jazeera’s loser at the end of the day as this adventures” when it keeps mum as a littoral Red Sea State, it has tourism projects. distortion of this normative unhealthy conduct will ultimately on Qatar’s military interventions natural and legitimate interests relationship is thus factually corrode its own reputation. in Libya and Syria or on matters in promoting and contributing 4. In pursuit of its strident wrong and amplifies its malice of the large US military base to, within its modest capabilities, and zealous disinformation or utter ignorance. And in as far by shabait staff

local news

Dubarwa: expansion of electricity supply Support for war disabled veterans The cyber-based group of Eritrean nationals known as “EPLF-Paltalk Vision Room” contributed $US 100,000 in support of the National Association of Eritrean War Disabled Veterans. The Electricity Corporation of of the community, Engineer Eritrea is expanding the electric Merhawi said that 18 villages The nationals made the contribution at an event organized in connection power supply in 43 villages of will obtain electricity supply in with the International Day of the Disabled. Dubarwa sub-zone. the next 2-3 months. He went on to say that efforts are also being At the handing over ceremony, held at the association’s central office, Mr. According to Engineer Merhawi made to expand electricity to 18 Habteyesus Kileyesus, a member of the group and resident of California, Issac, the Corporation head of the more villages and that 80% of the indicated that the members of the group have taken various initiatives to 4th phase of the project, masts work has been completed. assist the association and that the latest contribution is in continuation of past and electric wires were installed initiatives. in 2012, while through the current Speaking to Erina, Mr. Mebrahtu phase 1137 taximeters have been Weldekirstos, area administrator The chairman of the NAEWDV, Mr. Gebrebrhan Eyasu, said that the disbursed in Zawul, Adi Halo, Adi of Adi Sherefeto, said that 377 responsibility for assisting war disabled veterans is not to be left to the Saldayt, Adi Kelkelti, Adi Tsinay, taximeters have been distributed government alone and that the recent contribution by the cyber-based group Adi Hayo, and Adi Sherefeto to and that hundreds of households reflects the value and honor that the nationals have toward war disabled provide the villages access to and business institutions now veteran fighters. electricity. have access to electricity. According to report, in the past two years, the “EPLF-Paltalk Vision Room” Noting that the installation of Local residents commented that group has contributed $US 72,000 in support of families of martyrs and $US electricity is gaining momentum that access to electricity and other 4,300 toward augmenting the martyrs’ trust fund. due to relentless efforts by the social services have improved The “EPLF-Paltalk Vision Room” group is a cyber-linked group of nationals Corporation and the participation their livelihoods. residing in various parts of the world. Eritrea Profile,Wednesday, January 30, 2019 Vol 25 . No 96 4

Materiality and Meaning of Archaeological R ecord: W ith reference to Understanding of Space in Antiquity

Abraham Zerai imported pottery signifies patterns entirely linked to this understanding of production and distribution and and attests to spatial practice in the The development of the complex the concomitant reconstruction of past. societies that flourished in the Horn sources provides information on in general and the Eritrean landscape space organization from systematic Similarly, symbolic behaviours, in antiquity involved new ways of studies of pottery remains. A reader monumentality, patterns of vernacular organizing and conceiving of space. of the antiquity of Eritrea and the architecture and their distribution as The full-brown socio-cultural, Horn would always encounter in well as iconographic representations economic and political processes that the literature a wide description equally become significant when we gave rise to the developments we saw of cultural-phases based on the tend to understand the conception and in this epoch (roughly between mid- classification of pottery traditions organization of space in antiquity in 3rd millennium BCE- last half of the and the specific meanings attached the Eritrean landscape. The worship 1st millennium CE) are particularly to these assemblages indirectly are of deities which had regional worth of attention as regards to informative of the conception and implications and significance and understanding the complexity organization of space in terms of materials associated with them is involved in the organization of space exchange networks, caravan routes paramount for the subject in as much over much of the Eritrean landscape. and trade circuits. The entire scope as the distribution and elaboration of Archaeology in conjunction with of defining regional and inter- monumentality over the landscape. other disciplines such as historical regional trade involving the northern These elements together with linguistics, molecular biology and Horn of Africa and the adjacent other archaeological finds are the like is crucial in charting the geographical areas is for the large likely to provide explanations on trajectory of changing spatial practice part understood from a variety of population dynamisms and diffusion during the mid- 3rd millennium pottery traditions and assemblages of cultural influences that were BCE- last half of the 1st millennium pertinent to different time-periods likely to influence the organization CE. The respective data sets from and cultural groups. The space of space. As far as iconographic these studies need to be correlated conception from a limited sphere of features are concerned rock art and to fully comprehend various aspects 3rd millennium BCE- beginning different pottery assemblages over exchange towards the elaboration epigraphies provide the platform to of the dynamisms that range from of 1st millennium BCE to densely much of the Eritrean territory has of wider circuits of inter-regional understand spatial practice. Rock art shifts in subsistence economy to settled urban centers by the middle often been the basis for drawing networks are seen in line with a wider is distributed over much of Eritrea organization of labor and from of the 1st millennium BCE and 1st chronologies and the extent of chronological framework of over a and the Horn and based on the scales in population migration to the millennium CE. The increasingly contacts and exchange between millennia and thus archaeological similarities of styles and motifs in full-fledged urbanism that indicated divided and segregated personal different cultural groups and pottery and the meaning attached the art, the tempo and distribution the hallmark of the epochs. The spaces that made up coastal towns civilizations that flourished in the to it should be seen in light of these of subsistence patterns, ritual changing contexts and meanings and urban centers in the form of course of the mid-3rd millennium than merely considering them as attributes and symbolic behaviours attesting to patterns of the spatial ceremonial sites and commercial fragments from antiquity. As far as can be discerned. Moreover, the practice involving various cultural activities and their relationships representation of literate cultures in groups and communities is yet to be with nearby agricultural settlements epigraphic forms is quite informative fully understood. and peripheral villages during these as the development of letterforms and epochs is furthermore an intriguing ancient scripts are related to cultural The use of space (landscape) feature of the need to understand contacts and influences. Such a is at the heart of reconstructions the meaning of archaeological phenomenon is often connected to of the Eritrea´s past, whether imprints in the Eritrean landscape. reconstruction of linguistic forms and conceived as the spatial movement In historical and archaeological population movements which can of different cultural groups along the renderings of the Eritrean past, in turn provide explanations to the different geographical zones namely spatial understandings cab serve as conception of space, its elaboration the western lowlands, coastal a backdrop to historical changes or and eventually its organization. corridor, highlands and the Denakil as reflections of social structures depression or the organization of the and patterns which are significant In conclusion, when we often landscape in towns, urban centers to understand various dynamisms talk about the meaning attached or peripheral villages, or the social of our antiquity. Archaeological to archaeological materials and uses of space within individual studies seek to understand meanings BCE- the 1st millennium CE. To the trade and exchange are concerned features, we have to explore how settlements themselves. In fact, it attached to archaeological objects wider community of researchers different archaeological materials these meanings can shed light on is quite plausible to argue that the and features among the functional interested in the development of can shed light into the ways how the organization and conception of development of complex societies meanings of objects and the space was organized and conceived space over time. Space and tempo rd complex societies in the northern during the mid- 3 millennium meanings of symbolic representation Horn of Africa and on the in antiquity. The network of obsidian are always intertwined to provide BCE- last half of the 1st millennium and iconography become a reference Eritrean landscape for that matter, trade in the Horn in antiquity for archaeological explanations. The CE itself was based on new ways to understand spatial concerns in the pottery typological and stylistic instance is another interesting complexity that we saw in the of organizing and conceiving of past. Having said that, let´s see how classification, pottery manufacturing aspect to explore. Obsidian trade is antiquity of Eritrea is subject to such space. Such transformations include archaeological materials and features believed to have involved the Horn levels of analysis and future trends technologies, patterns of distribution th increasing participation of different found in the Eritrean landscape can and exchange are significant proxies of Africa since the 7 millennium of research pinpoint these features cultural groups in the commercial shed light on various aspects of the BCE and its elaboration by the mid- to fully understand our past. It is to define specific cultural phases and rd networks of the Nile Valley and the organization of space in antiquity. the axis of exchange and trade that 3 millennium BCE enabled the therefore quite helpful to consider Red Sea and Indian Ocean world; involved coastal and in-land corridors connection of the northern Horn of the meaning attached to every piece the changing nature of settlements Pottery artifacts constitute the that enabled cultural contacts to the wider Nile Valley and Arabian in our archaeological record with from small-scale, agricultural and majority of finds in the Eritrean between different groups. The Thiama. The way we attach meaning this frame of mind in order to make pastoral communities during the landscape. The distribution of mere classification of local versus to obsidian artifacts today is thus sense of its significance. A Column prepared in collaboration with the Eritrea’s Culture and sports Commission Eritrea Profile,Wednesday, January 30, 2019 Vol 25 . No 96 5

More to the story: the less discussed aspects of NGOs

Dr. Fikrejesus Amahazion development, sports and athletics, issues or reach particular areas that policies of their government donors. lucrative financial rewards and wildlife governments are either unable Unfortunately, it has become all packages, elite status, and other Last week, Eritrea Profile featured and the or unwilling to, and they often too common and predictable to perks or privileges associated with an article titled, “Eritrea – Tail environment, possess the see NGOs castigate and criticize the “human rights industry” have Wagging at the UN”, authored by potential alleged human rights violations eroded many people’s confidence Sophia Tesfamariam (23 January). t o in some nations, not according and trust in the motivations of The article, which explores a number provide to the objective reality or actual NGOs. of issues surrounding Eritrea’s efficient, conditions in those countries, but recent appointments to chair the innovative, based upon the degree to which As alluded to in Tesfamariam’s regional Khartoum Process in 2019 and cost- those countries’ governments are article, it is hard to overlook the and to serve on the forty-seven- effective considered “friendly” or “politically great disparity in NGOs around the member Geneva-based UN Human approaches important” to the NGOs’ donors. world, with the vast majority being Rights Council for the next three o r In a similar vein, many NGOs founded and based in the Global years, was well-written, thoughtful solutions have had their credibility attacked North (i.e. the Western, developed and perceptive, and presented a t o and frequently been criticized for countries). Naturally, this has meant number of important insights, difficult conflicts of interests due to their that many have been disconnected including several about international o r close relationships with various from and “out of touch” with non-governmental organizations governments (e.g. hiring former or their constituents or local realities (NGOs). Here, I delve further into current officials as board members and lacked vital contextual the topic of human rights NGOs, humanitarian issues, education, or executives). understanding. Discussing human primarily to extend the conversation and also human rights. rights groups in Africa, Odinakalu begun by Tesfamariam, raise points Interestingly, one of the positive has observed how they are seldom for consideration that are frequently In terms of human complex problems aspects about NGOs is also part of inclusive and participatory overlooked, and to hopefully rights, it is undeniable (Chege 1999; CoE n.d.). something that can potentially struggles for justice but that offer some additional clarity and that many NGOs are genuinely lead to substantial weaknesses. they appear almost by design to understanding. well-intentioned actors who Although they certainly make Specifically, while the fact that exclude the participation of the contribute greatly to protecting numerous significant and valuable any individual person or group is people whose welfare they claim NGOs, a term often used to the fundamental human rights and contributions to the promotion reasonably capable of establishing to advance (Odinakalu 2000). cover the range of organizations preserving the basic dignity of and protection of human rights, an NGO is positive and encouraging Problematically, many NGOs are which make up civil society, individuals throughout the world. NGOs are also beset by a variety in many ways, it also means that afflicted by a saviour complex, are characterized, in general, by Inter alia, NGOs can and do play a of problems and challenges. For many NGOs and their members are reflecting elements of racism, having as the main purpose of their crucial role in: fighting individual example, many NGOs, plagued by incompetent or lack crucial skills, sexism, classism, and paternalism, existence something other than violations of human rights, either financial challenges and residing expertise, training, and technical rooted in the assumption that financial profit. Having proliferated directly or by supporting particular within a highly competitive funding or organizational capacity. This Africans, women, the poor, and dramatically since the end of the “test cases” through relevant courts; environment, are often faced with a can also increase the likelihood others across the Global South Second World War, NGOs vary offering direct assistance to those perceived need for public success of local or national priorities are powerless, lack agency, and tremendously in terms of size and whose rights have been violated; to enhance their reputation and being neglected, contribute to the cannot speak for or take meaningful scope; for instance, some NGOs lobbying for changes to national, to attract funding, whether from overlap or duplication of activities action themselves. Today, it is not are locally-focused and have only regional, or international law; members or external sources. This, of organizations working at cross- uncommon to see foreigners, who a handful of members, while helping to develop the substance of in turn, can encourage them to use purposes, with simplistic and have never set foot in or completely others are large, international those laws; promoting knowledge the “bandwagon” approach, joining poorly researched positions, and lack roots to a particular country, organizations, boasting hundreds or awareness of – and respect for in on a popular or media-led issue lack of clearly defined objectives provided large platforms to speak or even thousands of branches and – human rights among the general or simply responding to the latest or missions. In many cases, not loudly about the alleged conditions members located in different parts population; and offering technical ‘crises’, and with it a reluctance to only may they be ineffective, in the country and pontificate about of the world. Notably, NGOs engage advice and different forms of support pursue the lower profile – yet no they can also cause harmful or the steps that it ought to take, while in a wide variety of enterprises and to states on improving human rights. less important – areas of work or counterproductive effects. the perspectives, views, and voices activities, and they focus Importantly, in many overlooking longstanding systemic of locals are ignored or simply on a large range instances, NGOs and structural problems. Exposing Beyond the significant points dismissed. of different are also clear and seemingly “easy to outlined above, many NGOs topics, able to understand” violations is frequently have been criticized for lacking Last, one common topic of debate regarded as more “attention- transparency, as well as accused surrounding most self-professed grabbing” and “lucrative” than of being poorly managed and “human rights organizations” is prevention, which by definition spending far too much on overhead that they tend to be engaged in the if successful is not only not costs. The first criticism is protection of civil and political newsworthy but virtually “un- somewhat ironic since NGOs often rights. While these are no doubt provable” (Brett 1995: 105). make it their business to demand important, the issue is that civil transparency in others and, thus, and political rights are just one Of course, being persistently should lead by example, while the category of the many different confronted by financial challenges latter is particularly problematic human rights, such as economic, also means that many NGOs can because those lost finances could social, and cultural, recognized become dependent on governments have instead been directed toward by the international community. for backing and support, which can specific initiatives to solve pressing Focusing on only one category of prevent them from carrying out rights challenges and problems. rights overlooks the fact that rights their mandates in a fully principled, Additionally, wasteful or lavish are interrelated and indivisible, fails objective, and independent manner. expenditures also signal how to provide a comprehensive account NGOs may be pressured to overlook many NGOs remain divorced of the conditions in a country, harms their avowed principles and conduct from the needs and realities that efforts to improve conditions, including address their work in a manner strictly their supposed constituents face. and can also lead to claims of specific aligned with or accommodating to It is also important to note that double standards, hypocrisy, and the foreign and political interests or the increasing material incentives, politicization of rights. Eritrea Profile,Wednesday, January 30, 2019 Vol 25 . No 96 6

Job Title & number required IT Officer (01)

Duties & Functions

Responsible for administration and internal support of the Company’s PCs, printers, servers, scanners and related equipment. Tasks include end user support, license tracking, and performing PC maintenance, upgrades and configurations and other duties assigned by immediate supervisor. Installing and configuring computer hardware operating systems , applications, software, systems, networks, printers and scanners Talking staff through a series of actions, either face to face or over the telephone, email, messengers to help set up systems or resolve issues; Troubleshooting system and network problems and diagnosing and solving hardware or software faults and responding to breakdowns; Replacing parts as required;  Duties & Functions Providing support, including procedural documentation and relevant reports; Following diagrams and written instructions to repair a fault or set up a system; Supporting the roll-out of new applications; Setting up new users’ accounts and profiles and dealing with password issues; Working continuously on a task until completion (or referral to third parties, if appropriate); Prioritizing and managing many open cases at one time; Rapidly establishing a good working relationship with staff and other Professionals, e.g., software developers ;ERP companies; Testing and evaluating new technology; Conducting electrical safety checks on computer equipment. Maintaining records of software licenses. Managing stocks of equipment, consumables and other supplies. Responsible for other duties assigned by immediate supervisor. Advise/consult to his/her immediate supervisor. Education IT related technical diploma. Leadership experience +3 years in user support/Help desk at enterprise level. Nature & Length of Time - Radio communication, Technical skills, Organizational skills, Interpersonal skills, Communication skills, Patience, A Other skills & abilities meticulous and methodical nature, A logical mind, Capable of working well under pressure, Enthusiasm to be continually learning. Physical Requirement Physical fit and ready to work on harsh conditions & remote area General Information and other requirements: - Thoroughness and self-sufficiency at work. - Strong communication (written and spoken) and interpersonal skills - Stress management - Willing and able to work productively in the ZMSC site - Cultural awareness and adaptability - Good team work and networking skills - Strict compliance with the safety rules of the company - Alignment with principles and ethics of ZMSC

Salary: according Company’s salary scale. Place of work: Zara Mining Share Company Koka Gold Mine Zoba Gash Braka Sub-Zoba Sala Mining Site Additional Requirement for nationals: Having fulfilled his/her National Service obligations and provide evidence of a release paper from the Ministry of Defense. Having finished registration and duty performing for the National Army, and present the release paper or registration card issued by National Army. Provide a Clearance paper from office of the Eritrean Police and present Medical Certificate from Hospital. Present Clearance paper from the current/last employer. Only short listed applicants would be considered as potential candidates for an interview. Application documents will not be returned back to the sender and/or applications should be sent through the Post Office. Deadline for application: 10 days from the day of publication in the Newspaper.

Address: Please mail your applications to: ZARA MINING SHARE CO. P. O. Box 2393. Asmara, Eritrea.

Note to Eritrean applicants: Please send a copy of your application to: Aliens Employment Permit Affairs P.O. Box 7940 Asmara, Eritrea. Eritrea Profile,Wednesday, January 30, 2019 Vol 25 . No 96 7

VACANCY Qualification ANNOUNCEMENT .Grade 12, Certificate in Occupational Health & Safety, emergency Knowledge & Experience

Bisha Mining Share Company is inviting applicants for the follow- ing position for Bisha site project. 2-3 years previous experience in Health & Safety & Emergency Response

Position: Safety Officer Department: Safety and Occupational Health Technical Skills Section: Safety and Occupational Health Behavioural Skills Number required: (02) Contract Type: Indefinite

Computer Literacy (MS Office – Communication (English and Intermediate, Excel ) local language ) Primary Purpose Supervisory and Analytical Assertiveness and High level of - - Control “Safety & Health” in order to ensure employees, equipment and facility risks are minimized. skills accuracy Major Duties and Responsibilities Planning Attention to detail Flexible and Organising skills

• Ensure policies and procedures are in place.• Ensure mine is compliant with legislative and regulatory re- Physical fitness & problem solving skills Integrity, Discretion & Self- quirements. Discipline • Assist with the “Safety & Health Management System.

Implementing Safety & Health Driving License

• Inspect the workplace for potential hazards.• Respond to and investigate accidents and emergencies.• Liaise with on-site Plan, organize & execution Ability to work towards strict contractors to ensure compliance with safety regulations. skills deadlines • Coach and advice employees regarding Safety & Health.• Identify unsafe acts, conditions, hazards and investigate root causes as well as identifying corrective action. General Information and other requirements: • Enforce on-site safety, health and emergency compliance Place §§of Work: Bisha. to programs to minimise/prevent incidents and investigate inci- Salary§§: As per Company salary scale. dents/accidents. Type §§of Contract: Indefinite • Conduct planned inspections/audits and Co-ordinate monthly Safety & Health meetings. Additional requirement for Nationals: - Having §§fulfilled his/her National Service obligation and provide Reporting evidence of release paper from the Ministry of Defense.

- Present §§clearance paper from current/last employer. • Complete, daily, weekly and monthly reports and Report any - Testimonial §§documents to be attached (CV, work experience incidents/accidents and risk assessments. credentials, a copy of your National Identity Card etc.). Eritrea Profile,Wednesday, January 30, 2019 Vol 25 . No 96 8

Asmait Futsumbrhan won 2nd place. I also won 1st prize Following the Footsteps of Famousat the 2018 EuropeanPainters Union event on children’s rights. Following the path blazed by his father and other family members, Dawit Brhane is a young teenager currently Have you taken any special receiving rave reviews for his astounding artwork. courses, beyond your training or At just 14, Dawit has already produced a large array practice at home? of impressive pieces and even held a solo exhibition, which was well-received by the general public. Today, No, I haven’t. But I did complete a we are pleased to share the story of a highly-talented young short workshop once. Nonetheless, man with a great future ahead of him – Dawit Brhane. I have the great benefit of coming from a long line of talented artists. Studying how they work with and use different styles is, in many Hello Dawit. Thank you for artists in the family a help or landscapes, realism, collages, and encouraged me and motivated me ways, far better than any theory. I meeting us today. Can we talk a maybe somewhat a burden? others. I am giving my all in order to do more in the art world. look at my uncles’ and my father’s little about your inspirations as a to broaden my knowledge of and drawings and learn a lot more than kid? It really is great to be born into a experience with the various types Do you participate in art I could in other contexts. I also try family of great artists. I didn’t have of art. contests? to study and practise every style I have always been amazed by to go through the usual opposition through anything I can - people, what my family members – most of from family that most young artists For instance, the works that This is a topic that I want to books, and photographs. whom are also artists – can do. My have to go through. I had the I presented in my first solo stress in this interview. There aren’t dad, Brhane Adonai, my uncles, background and support I needed. exhibition were works of art that many art competitions held Is there anything that you would aunties, and cousins are some I am lucky. which I completed mainly for here, which is rather unfortunate. like to add? of the most famous artists in the studying purposes. I titled it Stage I wish that the government or country. I grew up looking at their I started painting in reverse. I of Development. It was at a time I other stakeholders would work We have many talented and works and studying the techniques studied modern art first. However, considered myself as an artist and to upgrade the art industry in the passionate painters, young and that they use. I officially started to I should have probably started with hoped it would motivate me to country by organizing competitions old. I would like to remind all the paint when I was just 7. However, realism, since modern art is much succeed in art. Since my paintings and establishing a well-recognized young artists, particularly those due to some reasons I wasn’t able more complicated. But starting were all completed for studying, school. who maybe don’t have the same to continue. I went back to painting with modern art made realism even they included various styles. opportunities that I have, to just when I turned 12. Now I am 14 and easier for me. In fact, realism isn’t But to return to your question, believe in yourself and know that I attend Dembe Sembel Secondary an easy type of art…it requires What was the feedback that you yes I have participated in contests. you can achieve anything if you School. great amount of detailed work. received from the audience? In fact, I have participated in 7 are determined. It takes time, but competitions, winning 4 of them. you can do it. Also, I would like to Does it get demanding for What type of art do you enjoy to To be honest, I never expected For example, I won 1st place in thank everyone who supported me you as you also have to study paint? that so many people would come to the art competition organized during my exhibition. It means a academics? the exhibition. Also, people were by the Turkish embassy. I was lot. I am not at a stage where I positively surprised with my work. pleased because there was more Not at all. I try to do my best to am choosing to paint any type Many suggested that it was beyond than 500 contestants. In addition, To my family, I would like to manage my lessons, both in art and in particular. Currently, I am their expectations. I had many at a competition which the Central give all my love and thank them for at school. I am an average student. studying the different styles of art. positive comments from people region administration organized for everything that they do. They are Is having talented and famous Action painting, still-life painting, who attended. These reception has Independence Day celebrations, I an inspiration.

An incredible fire The old worker Dawit working on a life size painting Sound of a melody