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Ahmedabad Heat Action Plan (PDF) NRDC: Rising Temperatures, Deadly Threat - Recommendations for Ahmedabad’s Government Offi cials (PDF) AHMEDABAD HEAT ACTION PLAN 2016 GUIDE TO EXTREME HEAT PLANNING IN AHMEDABAD, INDIA EASY READ VERSION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Climate change is leading to an increase in average temperatures and increased possibilities of severe heat waves. Extreme heat can lead to dangerous, even deadly, health consequences, including heat stress and heatstroke. The city of Ahmedabad had a major heat wave in May 2010, which led to 1,344 additional deaths registered in the city during the month of May.1 The 2010 heat wave was a wakeup call that intergovernmental agency action, preparedness, and community outreach was needed to save lives. Rising to this challenge of climate change and increasing heat waves, the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) is working to prepare health systems and residents against dangerous heat waves. The first Heat Action Plan (HAP or Plan) was prepared in 2013 by the AMC with help from national and international academic experts and learning from global best practices on early warning systems and heat adaptation. The 2016 Heat Action Plan is an updated version of the first comprehensive early warning system and preparedness plan for extreme heat events in India launched in Ahmedabad in 2013. The Plan creates immediate and longer-term actions to increase preparedness, information-sharing, and response coordination to reduce the health impacts of extreme heat on vulnerable populations. The Heat Action Plan aims to implement four key strategies: Ø Building Public Awareness and Community Outreach to communicate the risks of heat waves and implement practices to prevent heat-related deaths and illnesses. Disseminating public messages on how to protect people against extreme heat through media outlets and informational materials such as pamphlets and advertisements on heat stress prevention. New efforts being launched as part of this year’s Plan include the use of modern media such as SMS, text messages, email, radio and mobile applications such as WhatsApp. Special efforts will be made to reach vulnerable populations through inter-personal communication as well as other outreach methods. Ø Initiating an Early Warning System and Inter-Agency Coordination to alert residents of predicted high and extreme temperatures. The AMC has created formal communication channels to alert governmental agencies, the Met Centre, health officials and hospitals, emergency responders, local community groups, and media outlets of forecasted extreme temperatures. Ø Capacity Building Among Health Care Professionals to recognize and respond to heat-related illnesses, particularly during extreme heat events. Such trainings focus on primary medical officers and other paramedical staff, and community health staff so they can effectively prevent and manage heat-related cases so as to reduce mortality and morbidity. Ø Reducing Heat Exposure and Promoting Adaptive Measures by launching new efforts including mapping of high-risk areas of the city, increasing outreach and communication on prevention methods, access to potable drinking water and cooling spaces during extreme heat days. Collaboration with non-governmental organizations is also identified as a means to expand outreach and communication with the city’s most at-risk communities. 1 Azhar GS, Mavalankar D, Nori-Sarma A, Rajiva A, Dutta P, et al. Heat-Related Mortality in India: Excess All-Cause Mortality Associated with the 2010 Ahmedabad Heat Wave. PLoS ONE (2014) 9(3): e91831. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091831: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0091831#abstract0 i Please see attached 2016 Heat Action Plan Updates for more details of new actions and strategies added in this year’s Plan. Ahmedabad had a major heat wave in May 2010, when the temperature reached 46.8°C (more than 116°F). The following graph shows the May 2010 temperatures and mortality as compared to the averages in May 2009 and 2011. The graph of mortality shows a large rise in daily mortality in 2010 coinciding with the heat wave. Fig 1; Temperature and all-cause mortality correlation during the 2010 heat wave in Ahmedabad as compared to 2009 and 2011. Preliminary evaluation of the 2013 and 2014 Heat Action Plans is already showing positive outcomes in reducing mortality during the hottest months of the year. During India’s historic heat wave in 2015, responsible for over 2,300 deaths across the country, Ahmedabad reported fewer than 20 heat-related deaths. Future responses must be based on an understanding of actions and evidence of their impacts. How the HAP is organized and implemented: As the lead agency, the Health Department has the overarching responsibility for the coordination of heat wave related health activities. This includes monitoring forecasts and sending heat health alerts and disseminating public health messages to local departments and community service providers, as well as working with the AMC press office to increase media around preparedness. The Plan serves to focus attention on those individuals who are most at risk during heat waves, including slum communities, outdoor workers, elderly and children. The Plan also focuses on individuals and organizations, such as Urban Health Centres (UHCs) and link workers, who frequently work with at-risk populations and can provide early diagnosis of heat-related illnesses and preliminary treatment. ii Individuals, community groups, and the media are also essential in fighting the effects of extreme heat. Individuals can take specific preventative steps to protect themselves, their families, and their communities from harmful heat waves including learning about early signs of heat exhaustion, limiting heavy work during extreme heat, drinking water, staying out of the sun; wearing light clothing, checking on neighbors, and informing their fellow community members about how to keep cool and protect themselves from heat. The media is vital in spreading the word about the harm heat poses to health, and protecting people against dangerous heat waves. The media plays an essential awareness-building role by sharing news about health threats, and increases public protection by running ads and providing local resources information. Key stakeholders who helped develop the HAP: The Heat Action Plan is part of a broader collaboration between AMC and public health and policy experts at the Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Public Health Foundation of India, Natural Resources Defense Council, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and supported by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network. This network of partnering institutions was formed following the deadly May 2010 heat wave in Ahmedabad to develop local responses to extreme heat. Additional activities have been supported by the Good Energies Foundation and the Indo-US Science and Technology Forum. In support of the Heat Action Plan, four related issue briefs entitled Rising Temperatures, Deadly Threat, were also released by the partners in 2013. These briefs outline key strategies and policy interventions that form the basis for the Heat Action Plan, focusing on the most vulnerable groups. These issue briefs are located at: http://www.nrdc.org/international/india/extreme-heat-preparedness/ From start to finish, this project is about saving lives and helping the people of Ahmedabad to create healthier communities, more secure from the dangers of extreme heat, even as climate change bears down on cities like Ahmedabad, and states like Gujarat, all around the world. It is the hoped that this action plan will guide other cities and rural areas in India and other developing countries to adapt and develop their own heat action plans. Through preventative action such as the HAP, countless lives can be saved as the weather becomes increasingly hot and more extreme. iii INTRODUCTION Higher daily peak temperatures and longer, more intense heat waves are becoming increasingly frequent globally due to climate change.2 Extreme heat events already have a significant impact in India. After a deadly heat wave hit the city of Ahmedabad in May 2010, the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) has taken the initiative to develop a comprehensive heat action plan for extreme heat events, the first city in India to do so. To protect and prepare Ahmedabad for Ahmedabad community members, July 2011. extreme heat events, AMC and its partners Credit: Gulrez Shah Azhar & Kathy Tran have undertaken the following activities to develop this Heat Action Plan: § Epidemiological analysis of the health effects of heat exposure among Ahmedabad’s residents; § Examination of specific vulnerability factors among slum dwellers and highly exposed occupational workers; § Exploration of longer-term forecasting options to give earlier warnings; § Development of heat illness management training for health professionals; and § A review of heat action plans around the world. From this work it is clear that coordinated action is needed among government agencies on the municipal level to reduce the devastating health effects of heat stress on local residents. A practical plan of targeted policy interventions can increase information-sharing, communication, preparedness, and response coordination to improve the most vulnerable populations’ resilience to rising temperatures. PURPOSE This Heat Action Plan aims to provide a framework for the implementation, coordination, and evaluation of extreme heat response activities in
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