Life Cycle Dynamics of the Harmful Bloom Forming Macroalgae Ulva Spp
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The Marine Species of Cladophora (Chlorophyta) from the South African East Coast
NovaHedwigia 76 1—2 45—82 Stuttgart, Februar 2003 The marine species of Cladophora (Chlorophyta) from the South African East Coast by F. Leliaert and E. Coppejans Research Group Phycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8 B-9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mails: [email protected] and [email protected] With 16 figures and 5 tables Leliaert, F. & E. Coppejans (2003): The marine species of Cladophora (Chlorophyta) from the South African East Coast. - Nova Hedwigia 76: 45-82. Abstract: Twelve species of the genus Cladophora occur along the South African East Coast. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are presented. Four species are recorded for the first time in South Africa: C. catenata , C. vagabunda , C. horii and C. dotyana; the last two are also new records for the Indian Ocean. A comparison of the South African C. rugulosa specimens with specimens of C. prolifera from South Africa and other regions have shown that these species are not synonymous as previously considered, leading to the resurrection of C. rugulosa which is probably a South African endemic. Key words: Cladophora, C. catenata , C. dotyana, C. horii, C. prolifera , C. rugulosa , C. vagabunda , South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal. Introduction Cladophora Kützing is one of the largest green-algal genera and has a worldwide distribution. Within the class Cladophorophyceae the genus Cladophora is characterized by its simple thallus architecture: branched, uniseriate filaments of multinucleate cells. Eleven different architectural types (sections) are distinguished in the genus (van den Hoek 1963, 1982; van den Hoek & Chihara 2000). Recent studies based on morphological and molecular data have proven that Cladophora is polyphyletic (van den Hoek 1982; Bakker et al. -
Occurrence of Ulva Lactuca L. 1753 (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) at the Murman Сoast of the Barents Sea
POLAR RESEARCH 2018, VOL. 37, 1503912 https://doi.org/10.1080/17518369.2018.1503912 RESEARCH NOTE Occurrence of Ulva lactuca L. 1753 (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) at the Murman Сoast of the Barents Sea Svetlana Malavenda a, Mikhail Makarov a, Inna Ryzhik a, Maxim Mityaeva & Sergey Malavendab aLaboratory of Algology, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Murmansk, Russia; bDepartment of Biology, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk, Russia ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Findings of Ulva lactuca L. on the Murman Сoast of the Barents Sea are described for the Sea lettuce; seaweed; period 2009–2017. This species has not been found in this area for more than 50 years. The climate change; global occurrence of U. lactuca on the Murman Coast appears to be related to the recent warming of warming; Arctic; waters in the region. berealization Introduction Averintseva 1994; Šošina 2003; Zavalko & Šošina 2008) and even question the presence of this species The present study aims to give an overview on the in the Barents Sea. Analysis of these data indicates the distribution of Ulva lactuca Linnaeus 1753: 1163 instability of the presence of U. lactuca on the (Chlorophyta, Ulvaceae) in the Barents Sea. In the Murmansk coast. World Ocean, this species is very widespread In recent decades, temperatures in the Barents Sea (Guiry & Guiry 2018), found almost everywhere have risen following the increased inflow of Atlantic in shallow waters, including estuaries. The tem- water masses during spring (Matishov et al. 2009; perature and light tolerance of the species are well Matishov et al. 2014; MMBI 2017). It is possible studied. Photosynthesis has been observed at tem- that these water masses also brought spores, gametes peratures ranging from 0°C to 28°C (Lüning or zygotes of U. -
Advances in Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Advances in Biochemistry and Biotechnology van Ginneken V. Adv Biochem Biotechnol 2: 156. Research Article DOI: 10.29011/2574-7258.000056 Seaweed Biotechnology to Combat Desertification Vincent van Ginneken* Blue Green Technologies, Ginkelseweg, Heelum, Netherlands *Corresponding author: Vincent van Ginneken, Blue Green Technologies, Ginkelseweg 2, 6866 DZ Heelum, The Netherlands. Tel: +31638071180; Email: [email protected] Citation: van Ginneken V (2018) Seaweed Biotechnology to Combat Desertification. Adv Biochem Biotechnol 2: 156. DOI: 10.29011/2574-7258.000056 Received Date: 29 January, 2018; Accepted Date: 13 February, 2018; Published Date: 20 February, 2018 Abstract This paper presents biotechnological laboratory work on the successful isolation of protoplasts from the green seaweed species Ulva lactuca, an intertidal seaweed species from the moderate North Atlantic well known for its algae blooms and tremendous biomass production. We suggest a model to combat desertification and create new arable area by first -based on seaweed biotechnological techniques- create a special “Ulva-Desert” High-Temperature-Tolerance (HTT)-strain. This strain which is suitable for desert aquaculture could be obtained by protoplast fusion with the tropical heat resistant Ulva reticulata for which protoplasts with a temperature tolerance of 30°±1°C were recently isolated by the research group of Gupta et al. Seaweeds of the genus Ulva are well-known for their tremendous oceanic “seaweed-blooms” or “green-tides” of green biomass for which we hypothesize they will create appropriate sulfur gasses with main emphasis on volatile dimethyl sulfide [(CH3)2S] (DMS) and + - its precursor β-dimethylsulfonium propionate [(CH3)2 S CH2CH2COO ] (DMSP) which will following the sulfur cycle stimulate at the oceans cloud formation resulting in rainfall in the deserts and climate cooling. -
Behind Anemone Lines: Determining the Environmental Drivers Influencing Lagoonal Benthic Communities, with Special Reference to the Anemone Nematostella Vectensis
Behind Anemone Lines: Determining the environmental drivers influencing lagoonal benthic communities, with special reference to the anemone Nematostella vectensis. by Jessica R. Bone Bournemouth University December 2018 Copyright Statement This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognize that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. i Behind Anemone Lines: Determining the environmental drivers influencing lagoonal benthic communities, with special reference to the anemone Nematostella vectensis. Jess R. Bone Abstract Climate change induced sea level rise and increase in associated storms is impacting the coastal zone worldwide. Lagoons are a transitional ecosystem on the coast that are threatened with habitat loss due to ingress of seawater, though conversely this also represents an opportunity for lagoon habitat creation. It is important to quantify the spatio-temporal trends of macrozoobenthic communities and abiotic factors to determine the ecological health of lagoon sites. Such information will ensure optimal and adaptive management of these rare and protected ecosystems. This thesis examines the spatial distribution of macrozoobenthic assemblages and the abiotic and biotic factors that may determine their abundance, richness and distribution at tidally restricted urban lagoon at Poole Park on the south coast of England. The macrozoobenthic assemblages were sampled using a suction corer during a spatially comprehensive survey in November 2017, in addition to aquatic and sediment variables such as salinity, temperature, organic matter content and silt content. Species richness and density were significantly lower in areas of high organic matter and silt content, indicative of hostile conditions. -
Bioactive Compounds from Three Green Algae Species Along Romanian Black Sea Coast with Therapeutically Properties
ISSN 2601-6397 (Print) European Journal of January - April 2019 ISSN 2601-6400 (Online) Medicine and Natural Sciences Volume 3, Issue 1 Bioactive Compounds from Three Green Algae Species along Romanian Black Sea Coast with Therapeutically Properties R. Sirbu T. Negreanu-Pirjol M. Mirea B.S. Negreanu-Pirjol Ovidius” University of Constanta, Faculty of Pharmacy, No. 1, University Alley, Campus, Corp B, Constanta, Romania ”Ovidius” University of Constanta, Faculty of Economic Sciences, No. 1, University Alley, Campus, Corp A, Constanta, Romania Abstract During the past years, it became obvious that the ecosystem presents a marine algae excedent, which should be utilized in one way or another. In the marine world, algae have been intensely studied, but the Black Sea seaweeds are not sufficiently harnessed. To survive in such various diverse and extreme environments, macroalgae produce a variety of natural bioactive compounds and metabolites, such as polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phlorotannins. In the Black Sea there are three species of green algae: Ulvae lactuca sp., Enteromorpha intestinalis and Cladophora sp. The superior exploitation of the marine biomass represents a highly important resource for the pharmaceutical industry, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances (vitamins, polysaccharides, sterols, phenols and amino-acids) and various other substances. The purity of this compounds is strongly connected to the state of the marine ecosystem. In the present paper are presented the main bioactive compounds existing in the chemical composition of the green algae in the Black Sea studied. The details of the therapeutic properties of the green algae generated by their chemical compositions. -
Molecular Phylogeny of the Cladophoraceae (Cladophorales
J. Phycol. *, ***–*** (2016) © 2016 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12457 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE CLADOPHORACEAE (CLADOPHORALES, € ULVOPHYCEAE), WITH THE RESURRECTION OF ACROCLADUS NAGELI AND WILLEELLA BØRGESEN, AND THE DESCRIPTION OF LUBRICA GEN. NOV. AND PSEUDORHIZOCLONIUM GEN. NOV.1 Christian Boedeker2 School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6140, New Zealand Frederik Leliaert Phycology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium and Giuseppe C. Zuccarello School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6140, New Zealand The taxonomy of the Cladophoraceae, a large ribosomal DNA; s. l., sensu lato; s. s., sensu stricto; family of filamentous green algae, has been SSU, small ribosomal subunit problematic for a long time due to morphological simplicity, parallel evolution, phenotypic plasticity, and unknown distribution ranges. Partial large subunit The Cladophorales (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) is (LSU) rDNA sequences were generated for 362 a large group of essentially filamentous green algae, isolates, and the analyses of a concatenated dataset and contains several hundred species that occur in consisting of unique LSU and small subunit (SSU) almost all types of aquatic habitats across the globe. rDNA sequences of 95 specimens greatly clarified the Species of Cladophorales have rather simple mor- phylogeny of the Cladophoraceae. The phylogenetic phologies, ranging from branched -
Nutrient Induced Changes in the Species Composition of Epiphytes on Cladophora Glomerata Kütz
Hydrobiologia 450: 187–196, 2001. 187 © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Nutrient induced changes in the species composition of epiphytes on Cladophora glomerata Kütz. (Chlorophyta) Jane C. Marks1 & Mary E. Power2 1Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, U.S.A. Tel+ 520-523-0918. Fax: +520-523-7500 2Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. Received 2 May 2000; in revised form 26 January 2001; accepted 13 February 2001 Key words: Cladophora glomerata, epiphytes, nutrients, species composition Abstract Cladophora glomerata is a widely distributed filamentous freshwater alga that hosts a complex microalgal epi- phyte assemblage. We manipulated nutrients and epiphyte abundances to access their effects on epiphyte biomass, epiphyte species composition, and C. glomerata growth. C. glomerata did not grow in response to these manip- ulations. Similarly, nutrient and epiphyte removal treatments did not alter epiphyte biovolume. Epiphyte species composition, however, changed dramatically with nutrient enrichment. The epiphyte assemblage on unenriched C. glomerata was dominated by Epithemia sorex and Epithemia adnata, whereas the assemblage on enriched C. glomerata was dominated by Achnanthidium minutissimum, Nitzschia palea and Synedra spp. These results indicate that nutrients strongly structure epiphyte species composition. Interactions between C. glomerata and its epiphytes were not affected by epiphyte species composition in -
Cladophora Abundance and Physical / Chemical Conditions in the Milwaukee Region of Lake Michigan
Cladophora Abundance and Physical / Chemical Conditions in the Milwaukee Region of Lake Michigan MMSD Contract M03002P15 Harvey A. Bootsma1, Erica B. Young2, and John A. Berges2 1Great Lakes WATER Institute University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 600 E. Greenfield Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53204 2Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee For the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District February 17, 2006 Great Lakes WATER Institute Technical Report No. 2005-02 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary........................................................................................3 2. Purpose ...........................................................................................................6 3. Overview of Sampling and Analytical Methods............................................7 4. Cladophora Abundance and it Relation to Light, Temperature and Nutrients.............................................................................................9 4.1 Temporal Trend of Cladophora Biomass, Cladophora Phosphorus Content, Water Column Nutrients, and Nutrient Uptake Enzymes .....10 4.2 Spatial Trend of Cladophora Abundance and Nutrient Status...........16 4.3 The Influence of Temperature on Cladophora Growth .......................18 4.4 The Influence of Light on Cladophora Growth ....................................20 5. The Potential Role of Zebra Mussels as a Nutrient Source for Cladophora ........................................................................................27 6. Nutrient Input from Rivers............................................................................28 -
New Ulvaceae (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) from Mesophotic Ecosystems Across the Hawaiian Archipelago1
J. Phycol. 52, 40–53 (2016) © 2015 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12375 NEW ULVACEAE (ULVOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA) FROM MESOPHOTIC ECOSYSTEMS ACROSS THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO1 Heather L. Spalding,2 Kimberly Y. Conklin, Celia M. Smith Department of Botany, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA Charles J. O’Kelly Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA and Alison R. Sherwood Department of Botany, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA Ulvalean algae (Chlorophyta) are most commonly Key index words: Hawai’i; ITS; mesophotic coral described from intertidal and shallow subtidal ecosystem; molecular species concept; rbcL; sea let- marine environments worldwide, but are less well tuce; tufA; Ulva; Ulvales; Umbraulva known from mesophotic environments. Their Abbreviations: BI, Bayesian inference; ITS, Internal morphological simplicity and phenotypic plasticity Transcribed Spacer; ML, maximum likelihood; rbcL, make accurate species determinations difficult, even large subunit ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase/ at the generic level. Here, we describe the oxygenase; tufA, elongation factor tufA mesophotic Ulvales species composition from 13 locations across 2,300 km of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Twenty-eight representative Ulvales specimens from 64 to 125 m depths were collected Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are charac- using technical diving, submersibles, and remotely terized by communities of light-dependent corals, operated vehicles. Morphological and molecular sponges, algae, and other organisms that are typi- characters suggest that mesophotic Ulvales in cally found at depths from 30 to over 150 m in trop- Hawaiian waters form unique communities ical and subtropical regions (Hinderstein et al. -
COURSE NAME-BIOLOGY and DIVERSITY of ALGAE, BRYOPHYTA and PTERIDOPHYTA (PAPER CODE: BOT 502) Unit -4 & 5 : Life Historie
COURSE NAME-BIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY OF ALGAE, BRYOPHYTA AND PTERIDOPHYTA (PAPER CODE: BOT 502) Unit -4 & 5 : Life Histories of Some Genera of Chlorophyta Dr. Pooja Juyal Department of Botany Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani Email id: [email protected] Content • Introduction • Salient features of Chlorophyta • Haematococcus • Chlorella • Volvox • Hydrodictyon • Oedogonium • Ulva • Cladophora Introduction Chlorophyceae generally includes green algae. The pigments are same (chla,chlb, carotene, xanthophyll) as in the higher plants and are located in chloroplasts. Starch is the reserve food. Plant body may be unicellular or multicellular with motile reproductive structures. Flagella are 2, 4 or more but always anterior and are whiplash type only. The gametes are produced, in unicellular non jacketed sex organs. The name chlorophyceae (chloros= green, phyceae=algal organization) was coined by Fritsch. Most of the fresh water forms belong to green algae. The members of this class are distributed in variety of habitats; in fresh water or marine, terrestrial, on ice, etc. It includes more than 20,000 species Salient features of Chlorophyta • The members of class Chlorophyta are primarily aquatic and about 90% members are found in freshwater. Some members are terrestrial while few are found in brackish water. • Chlorophyta are also known as “Green Algae” due to green appearance of their thallus. This green appearance is due to the abundance of pigments chlorophyll a and b in their plastids. Other pigments commonly found in these members are lutein, siphonoxanthein and siphonein. • Thallus organization in this class ranges from unicellular motile, non-motile, coccoid, palmelloid, filamentous, heterotrichous, siphonaceous, folioceous, to complex habit. -
The Role of Water Motion in Algal Reproduction Richard Gordon
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 12-2001 The Role of Water Motion in Algal Reproduction Richard Gordon Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Oceanography Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Gordon, Richard, "The Role of Water Motion in Algal Reproduction" (2001). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 147. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/147 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. THE ROLE OF WATER MOTION IN ALGAL REPRODUCTION BY Richard Gordon B .S . University of Washington, 1997 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Marine Biology) The Graduate School The University of Maine December, 200 1 Advisory Committee: Susan Brawley, Professor of Plant Biology, Advisor Robert Vadas, Professor of Botany, Oceanography, and Zoology Philip Yund, Research Associate Professor of Marine Science THE ROLE OF WATER MOTION IN ALGAL REPRODUCTION By Richard Gordon -ThesisAdvisor: Dr. Susan Brawley An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Marine Biology) December, 2001 Environmental conditions, such as water motion, can influence fertilization success and spore dispersal in marine algae. Previous studies on fucoid algae showed that gamete release is restricted to, or enhanced by, periods of low water motion. Few other algal taxa have been investigated, however, including species with an alternation of generations. -
Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhizoclonium (Cladophoraceae, Cladophorales), and the Description of Rhizoclonium Subtile Sp
Phytotaxa 383 (2): 147–164 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.383.2.2 Phylogenetic analysis of Rhizoclonium (Cladophoraceae, Cladophorales), and the description of Rhizoclonium subtile sp. nov. from China ZHI-JUAN ZHAO1,2, HUAN ZHU3, GUO-XIANG LIU3* & ZHENG-YU HU4 1Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530001, P. R. China 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Nanning, 530001, P. R. China 3Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China 4State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China *e-mail:[email protected] Abstract The genus Rhizoclonium (Cladophoraceae, Cladophorales) accommodates uniserial, unbranched filamentous algae, closely related to Cladophora and Chaetomorpha. Its taxonomy has been problematic for a long time due to the lack of diagnostic morphological characters. To clarify the species diversity and taxonomic relationships of this genus, we collected and analyzed thirteen freshwater Rhizoclonium specimens from China. The morphological traits of these specimens were observed and described in detail. Three nuclear gene markers small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU), large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences were analyzed to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships. The results revealed that there were at least fifteen molecular species assignable to Rhizoclonium and our thirteen specimens were distributed in four clades.