Executive Summary

2017 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

30 June 2017

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017

Local Authority Bill Pegram Officer Department Regulatory Services, Public Protection Department for Place Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Floor 13 Civic Centre Address Victoria Avenue Southend-on-Sea SS2 6ER Telephone 01702 534256

E-mail [email protected] Report Reference SBC ASR 2017 number Date June 2017

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017

Executive Summary

The 2017 Annual Status Report is designed to provide the public with information relating to local air quality in Southend, to fulfil Southend-on-Sea Borough Council’s statutory duty to review and assess air quality within its area, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved.

Air Quality in the Borough of Southend

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

Southend-on-Sea is a Unitary Authority located in South Essex, 36 miles from London along the Thames Estuary.

The main source of air pollution in the Borough is road traffic emissions from major roads, notably the A13, A127 and A1159. Other pollution sources including commercial, industrial and domestic sources also make a contribution to background pollutant concentrations. Exceedances of the annual mean air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide continue to be observed at three semi-permanent sites in or close to the existing AQMA boundary. One temporary site (of eight) associated with a major improvement scheme at A127 Kent Elms junction also shows an exceedance.

Neighbouring Rochford District Council is home to London Southend Airport which is close to the administrative boundary with Southend. The Council monitors air quality

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 1

at roadside locations nearby. Airside operations are expected to only make an imperceptible contribution to background pollutant concentrations.

In November 2016 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council declared its first Air Quality Management Areas (AQMA) centred at the junction between Prince Avenue, Hobleythick Lane and Rochford Road (also known as “The Bell Junction”). Here exceedances of the annual mean Air Quality Objectives for nitrogen dioxide were confirmed by a Detailed Assessment completed in July 2016.

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council has 25 semi-permanent and 8 temporary passive diffusion tube sites at which air quality is measured to ensure that the Council remains informed of air quality especially at locations where traffic volumes are high and that if exceedances are recorded, then appropriate measures can be swiftly implemented.

As a Unitary Authority, the Council is responsible for highways, transportation and strategic planning. As a single tier authority, the relevant departments of Environmental Health, Public Health, Strategic Transport Policy, Planning and Sustainability are able to work effectively together to keep air quality a high priority, supported by the same Local Plan and Local Transport Plan objectives.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

Since the last ASR was submitted Southend on Sea Borough Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2017 in pursuit of improving local air quality.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 2

Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 3

Figure 2. A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvement Westbound

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Figure 3. A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvement Eastbound

Table 2.2.

Key completed measures are:

 Formal declaration of The Bell Junction AQMA.

 Appointment of full time Air Quality Specialist to lead on LAQM, Action Planning and related matters. Commenced 27 February 2017.

Southend on Sea Borough Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year:

 Draft an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) by 30 November 2017 including the formal consultation period. The Action Plan will be directly linked to existing (and new) strategy and policy documents where relevant including Public

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 5

Health England’s “Estimating Local Mortality Burdens associated with Particulate Air Pollution” and the Public Health Outcomes Framework.

 Draft an Air Quality/Low Emission Strategy by 31 December 2017 including the formal consultation period. Closely linked to the AQAP the strategy will also be linked directly to existing (and new) strategy and policy documents where relevant.

 Promote National Clean Air Day on 15 June 2017.

 Review the current position at A127 Kent Elms Crossroads and junction of West Street and Victoria Avenue where diffusion tube data suggests an exceedance. Real time automatic monitoring as part of a Detailed Assessment is being considered.

 Review the current AQMA boundary with a view to extending the boundary to include West Street and the Kent Elms junction/newly identified areas of exceedance.

 Review current diffusion tube monitoring programme throughout Borough with a view to expansion and/or optimisation.

 Review and update the Council’s website air quality pages.

 The A127 Kent Elms Corner Junction alterations aimed at improving traffic flow, reducing queue length and congestion.

 Continue to progress a number of initiatives from previous years. See Table 2.2.

Conclusions, Local Priorities and Challenges

Since declaring its first AQMA in November 2016 at the A127 Bell Junction the Borough Council will be prioritising the development of an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) and Low Emission Strategy in order to further develop both strategic and local measures to improve the poor air quality at the location and across the Borough as a whole. Further monitoring will also indicate if other areas will require AQMA declaration.

The work area priorities of the AQAP have already been provisionally identified as:

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 Partnership Working and Community Engagement

 Public Health and Raising Awareness

 Strategic Transport Policy

 Sustainable Innovation

 Spatial Planning and Development Control

 Low Emission Strategy

How to Get Involved

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council is a member of the Essex Air Quality consortium. The purpose of the Essex Air is to promote improvements in air quality related issues. The Essex Air web site provides a daily forecast of air pollution. The @EssexAir twitter feed provides localised weekly air pollution forecasts.

Also, see link to Southend Website Air Quality Pages: Southend Air Pages

Figure i.1 Essex Air Twitter Air Quality Notifications

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Links to Defra recommended actions and health advice are provided when air pollution is likely to be moderate or higher. This will enable those with heart or lung conditions, or other breathing problems to make informed judgements about their levels of activity or exposure.

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... 1 Air Quality in Southend-on-Sea Borough ...... 1 Conclusions and Priorities ...... 3 Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... 3 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 8 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 9 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 9 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Southend- on-Sea Borough ...... 11

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations ...... 20 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 22 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 22 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 22 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 22 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 22

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ...... 22

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 23

3.2.4 Ozone (O3) ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 24 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2016 ...... 34 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 39 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 39 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 45 Glossary of Terms ...... 53 References ...... 54

List of Tables

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Table Title Page 2.1 Declared AQMAs 10 2.2 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality 17 A.1 Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Results AURN 24 A.2 Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Results Non- 25 Automatic A.3 Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Summary Non- 28 Automatic A.4 Annual Nitrogen Dioxide Summary AURN 30 A.5 1 Hour Mean Exceedances Nitrogen Dioxide 31 A.6 Ozone Monitoring Results Number of 8 Hour 32 Running Mean Exeedances Automatic AURN A.7 Ozone Monthly Means AURN 32 A.8 PM 2.5 Annual Means AURN 33 B.1 Full 2016 Monthly Results Nitrogen Dioxide Non- 34 Automatic C.1 AIR PT Results 2016 40 E.1 UK Air Quality Objectives 45

List of Figures

Figure i.1 Essex Air: Twitter Notifications 4 Figure 1 A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvements Schematic 14 Figure 2 A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvements 15 Westbound Figure 3 A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvements 16 Eastbound Figure B.1 Nitrogen Dioxide Trend Graph 37 Figure D.1 Map of Diffusion Tube Locations 42 Figure D.2 Mao of New Monitoring Locations 43 Figure D.3 Map of The Bell Junction A127 AQMA 44

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1 Local Air Quality Management

This report provides an overview of air quality in the Borough of Southend during 2016. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Southend on Sea Borough Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.

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2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by Southend-on-Sea Borough Council can be found in Table 2.1, and a copy of the AQMA Order can be seen in Appendix E.

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Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas

Is air quality in Level of Exceedance (maximum the AQMA Pollutants monitored/modelled concentration at a influenced by Action Plan AQMA Date of and Air City / One Line location of relevant exposure) roads (inc. date of Name Declaration Quality Town Description controlled by publication) Objectives Highways At Declaration Now England? An area encompassing a number of properties at the junction of Prince Nitrogen Avenue (east and To be The Bell Dioxide west), Rochford 07 November completed by Junction, (NO ) Southend Road and No 4.2 -10 9 1.98-10.49 2016 2 November A127AQMA Annual Hobleythick Lane 2017 Mean (THE BELL JUNCTION) extending eastwards including “Cuckoo Corner”.

☒ Southend Borough Council confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date

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2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in the Borough of Southend.

Defra’s appraisal of last year’s ASR concluded that:

“Southend on Sea Borough Council currently monitors for concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) PM2.5 and O3. Road traffic emissions are the main cause of air quality exccedences in the borough. Levels of NO2 are declining and below the Air Quality Strategy Objectives at relevant locations apart from one, The Bell Junction. A Detailed Assessment (DA) has been carried out here which indicates that an AQMA needs to be declared and an Action Plan to be developed. The local authority does not currently have any AQMAs.

The local authority does not have a specific air quality strategy, but it does have a variety of measures in place to minimise potential impacts on Air Quality within the area. Examples of these are: increased air quality monitoring at key air quality locations and highway improvements at the A127 and B1013 Nestuda Way roundabout (Tesco). The report makes it clear that these have recently been reviewed, and that the plan for the coming year is to develop an Air Quality strategy to complement the Council’s Local Plan and Local Transport Plan.

The Borough currently monitors for particulate matter (PM2.5), however it is at an urban background site and is not near a heavily trafficked road. Key sources of PM2.5 include road traffic and industrial emissions. The report makes the connection between PM2.5 and health, but it could be made more strongly by linking with Public Health. To support this an additional measure in Table 2.2 could be to collaborate with the local Public Health team to identify geographical areas of concern with respect to air quality and the incidence rate of asthma for example.

The report details the many actions that are currently in place in the Borough to improve air quality in Table 2.2 (Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality). As stated above, it would be very useful if a measure could be included linking PM2.5 with Public Health and a KPI for assessing the success of this”.

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Since the last ASR was submitted Southend on Sea Borough Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2017 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 15

Figure 2. A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvement Westbound

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Figure 3. A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvement Eastbound

Table 2.2.

Key completed measures are:

 Formal declaration of The Bell Junction AQMA.

 Appointment of full time Air Quality Specialist to lead on LAQM, Action Planning and related matters. Commenced 27 February 2017.

Southend on Sea Borough Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year:

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 17

Health England’s “Estimating Local Mortality Burdens associated with Particulate Air Pollution” and the Public Health Outcomes Framework.

 Promote National Clean Air Day on 15 June 2017.

 Consider undertaking Detailed Assessments at A127 Kent Elms Crossroads and junction of West street and Victoria Avenue

 Review the current AQMA boundary with a view to extending the boundary to include West Street and the Kent Elms junction/newly identified areas of exceedance.

 Review current diffusion tube monitoring programme throughout Borough with a view to expansion and/or optimisation.

 Review and update the Council’s website air quality pages.

 The A127 Kent Elms Corner Junction Improvements (see below for more detail).

The A127 Kent Elms Junction improvements provide maximum benefit with three lanes heading eastwards, and a right hand turn lane providing improved capacity through the junction. An additional lane is also provided heading westward again providing greater capacity through the junction.

Together with a new footbridge the scheme will help deliver an improved local environment and contribute positively towards sustainable transport objectives. See schematics below:

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Figure 1. A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvements Schematic

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Figure 2. A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvement Westbound

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Figure 3. A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvement Eastbound

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Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Organisations Reduction in Estimated /

Key Comments/ . EU involved and Implementa Pollutant / Progress Actual o Measure EU Category Performance Barriers to N Classification Funding tion Phase Emission to Date Completion

Phase Indicator implementation Measure Measure Source Planning from Measure Date

Develop Air Quality Action Policy Guidance AQ Planning November Local Authority Draft To be completed 1 Plan and Development and Policy 2017 2017 Adoption Unknown November 2017 Funding: phase by November 2017 Control Guidance onwards

Policy Guidance Develop Low Emission and Development AQ Planning Local Authority December Draft 2 Strategy Control and Policy 2017 Adoption. Unknown December 2017 Funding/ See AQAP Funding 2017 Phase Guidance

Commission Detailed Policy Guidance Assessment at A127 Kent AQ Planning and Development Local Authority Scoping 3 Elms Junction and Victoria and Policy 2017 2017 N/A N/A December 2017 Funding/ See AQAP Control Funding Phase Avenue/ West Street Junction Guidance

Review current AQMA Policy Guidance boundary subject to results of AQ Planning and Development Planning See AQAP when 4 DAs and Policy LA Funding 2017 2017 N/A N/A December 2017 Control Phase Completed Guidance

Review current diffusion tube Policy Guidance AQ Planning survey with view to and Development Planning 5 and Policy LA Funding 2017 2017 N/A N/A December 2017 See AQAP expand/optimise. Control Phase Guidance

Review and Improve Council Policy Guidance AQ Planning AQ Website Pages and Development Planning 6 and Policy LA Funding 2017 2017 N/A N/A December 2017 Control Phase Guidance

A127 Kent Elms Junction Strategic Traffic In 7 Strategic Highway Highway Central Funding N/A On-going Completion Low September 2017 See AQAQ Management Progress Improvements Improvements

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Feasibility Study: Review of Strategic The Bell A127 AQMA Junction Traffic In 8 Highway LA Funding 2017 Scoping N/A N/A September 2017 See AQAP Infrastructure Design. Management Progress Improvement

Promote Promote NATIONAL CLEAN Promoting Modal 9 AIR DAY Travel/Public shift/Raising LA Funding N/A Completed N/A N/A Completed 15 June 2017 N/A Information Awareness

Promoting Travel Promote “IDEAS IN MOTION” 10 Alternatives/Public Alternative LA Funding N/A On-going N/A N/A On-going On-going promotion of modal shift Information Travel Modes

E Car Club: Provision of 2 Promoting Low Company Electric Cars and Charging Completed June 11 Emission Vehicle LA Funding June 2017 N/A Unknown On-going Points for Staff and Private 2017 Transport Procurement Use

Promoting Travel Promote Promotion of CYCLE WEEK 12 Alternatives/Public Alternative LA Funding N/A June 2017 N/A N/A Completed June 12-18 2017 Information Travel Modes

Collaborate with Public Health to identify links between AQ exposure and Incidence Rate In See AQAP when 13 Policy Guidance Other Policy LA 2017 2018 N/A N/A November 2017 of Respiratory Disorder and Progress completed Mortality especially for PM2.5

Link AQAP to Joint Strategic In 14 Policy Guidance Other Policy LA 2017 2018 N/A N/A November 2017 Needs Assessment Progress

Urban Innovation Action Promoting Travel Funding Bid to European In 15 Alternatives/Traffic Other LA, ERDF 2017 2018 N/A N/A December 2017 Regional Development Fund Progress Management (ERDF)

Traffic UTMC, Smart SOUTHEND INTELLIGENCE Management/ Traffic In 16 LA 2017 2018 N/A Unknown December 2017 HUB Promoting Travel Management/ Progress Alternatives Image Capture

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Whilst the measures stated above and in

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 24

Figure 2. A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvement Westbound

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Figure 3. A127 Kent Elms Junction Improvement Eastbound

Table 2.2 will help to contribute towards compliance, Southend-on-Sea Borough Council anticipates that further additional measures not yet prescribed will be required in subsequent years to achieve compliance and enable the revocation of our AQMA.

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2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council monitors PM2.5 at an Urban Background site as part of the national Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN). Annual means fluctuate around 10ug/m3, but note that this site is not close to a heavily trafficked road.

The Council acknowledges the Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01 – Fraction of Mortality Attributable to Particulate (PM2.5) Air Pollution in over 25s. For Southend the 2013 mortality rate value is 5.6%, broadly similar to other authorities within the region.

The Council also acknowledges the need for a high level policy link between local air quality and Public Health, such as the inclusion of local air quality in the Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA).

Collaboration with Public Health should also aim to identify geographical areas of concern with respect to air quality and the incidence rate of respiratory disease and/or mortality.

The Council is taking the following measures to address PM2.5:

1. Regular inspections of industrial process permitted by the Council under the national Environmental Permitting regime where combustion and non- combustion processes could lead to anthropogenic emissions of PM 2.5

2. Working to deliver major infrastructure and traffic management schemes as well as innovative sustainable travel initiatives. In addition to reduced exhaust emissions, these schemes may reduce non-exhaust particulate emissions from e.g. brake and tyre wear by improving traffic flow and reducing queue lengths.

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3. An Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) is currently in preparation. The plan will incorporate both existing initiatives/good practices as well as new projects aimed at improving local air quality directly or indirectly. The final version of the AQAP will be submitted to DEFRA in November 2017.

4. Closely linked to and an integral part of the AQAP will be a Low Emission Strategy (LES) also currently in development, and due to be completed by December 2017.

The success of actions 2-4 above will depend on close collaboration with several other directorates such as Public Health, Strategic Transport Policy and Energy and Sustainability.

The Council understand that biomass boilers continue to be proposed for a number of locations within the Borough and through the development control system, will ensure that the installation of these will not be to the detriment of local air quality.

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3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.

As part of the national AURN, continuous automatic monitoring is undertaken at one background site in Southend. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the site. Results for 2016 are available at https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/networks/site- info?site_id=SEND&view=View

A map showing the location of the monitoring site is provided in Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council undertook non - automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 25 permanent sites and 8 temporary sites during 2016.

Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments are included in Appendix A.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

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For diffusion tubes, the full 2016 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B.

Exceedances of the annual mean air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide continue to be observed at three semi-permanent sites in or close to the existing AQMA boundary. One temporary site (of eight) associated with a major improvement scheme at A127 Kent Elms junction also shows an exceedance.

The annual mean for new site SOU 46 is not included in the trend graph in Appendix B because data capture was limited.

Table A. in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Table A. in Appendix A presents the ratified and adjusted monitored PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years.

Concentrations have fluctuated between 9-12µg/m3 with a slight downwards trend observed, illustrated in Figure C.3 in Appendix C.

3.2.3 Ozone (O3)

Table A.6 in Appendix A presents Ozone data from 2011-2015. Figure A.1 shows measured Ozone concentrations across 2015.

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Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Distance Distance to X OS Y OS to kerb of Inlet Site Site Pollutants In Monitoring Relevant Site ID Grid Grid nearest Height Name Type Monitored AQMA? Technique Exposure Ref Ref road (m) (m) (m) (1) (2)

UKA00409 Urban NOx, NO, Chemiluminescent; Chalkwell Backgr 585823 186212 NO ; O , N UV Absorption; N/A 90 4.0 Park 2 3 ound PM2.5 TEOM FDMS

(1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable.

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Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Site Name Grid Grid AQMA with a Height (m) ID Type Monitored Exposure nearest Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser? SOU18 Rochford Road Roadside 587396 188670 NO2 No 16.5 2.7 No 2.5 Eastwoodbury SOU19 Roadside 587067 188667 NO2 No 18.5 0.5 No 2.5 Lane Eastwoodbury SOU20 Roadside 587279 188747 NO2 No 14.0 0.5 No 2.5 Crescent SOU21 Victoria Avenue 1 Roadside 587669 186681 NO2 No 0.0 3.0 No 2.5 SOU22 West Road Roadside 586780 186233 NO2 No 0.0 4.5 No 2.5 SOU24 Eastern Avenue Roadside 588339 187425 NO2 No 0.0 6.0 No 2.5 SOU25 Heygate Avenue Roadside 588469 185352 NO2 No 0.0 5.0 No 2.5 SOU26 London Road 2 Roadside 582524 186541 NO2 No 0.0 4.0 No 2.5 SOU27 London Road 1 Roadside 583532 186566 NO2 No 0.0 12.0 No 2.5 SOU28 Prince Avenue 2 Roadside 584932 188249 NO2 No 0.0 11.0 No 2.5 SOU29 Abbotts Close Roadside 584141 188238 NO2 No 0.0 10.0 No 2.5 SOU30 Manners Way Roadside 587396 188670 NO2 No 0.0 14.0 No 2.5 SOU31 Boston Avenue Roadside 587796 185955 NO2 No 0.0 11.0 No 2.5 SOU32 Victoria Avenue 2 Roadside 587393 187577 NO2 No 0.0 20.0 No 2.5 SOU33 Prince Avenue 1A Roadside 586954 187841 NO2 Yes 0.0 10.0 No 2.5 SOU34 Parsons Corner Roadside 592731 186553 NO2 No 0.0 5.0 No 2.5 Bournes Green SOU35 Roadside 591206 186398 NO2 No 0.0 15.0 No 2.5 Chase Eastern SOU36 Roadside 589075 185029 NO2 No 0.0 7.0 No 2.5 Esplanade SOU37 Marine Parade Roadside 588858 185029 NO2 No 0.0 32.0 No 2.5

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KENT

ELMS Library, 1 Rayleigh Road, Roadside 584843 188299 NO2 No 0.0 6.0 No 2.5 KE1 Leigh Health Centre, 1 Rayleigh Road, Roadside 584834 188272 NO2 No 0.0 6.0 No 2.5 KE2 Leigh 55 Broomfield Roadside 584786 188183 NO2 No 0 10.0 No 2.5 KE3 Ave, Leigh 332 Bridgewater Roadside 584864 188229 NO2 No 0 5.0 No 2.5 KE4 Drive KE6 327 Bridgewater Roadside 584903 188231 NO2 No 0 6.0 No 2.5

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Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Site Name Grid Grid AQMA with a Height (m) ID Type Monitored Exposure nearest Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser? Drive 685 Prince Ave, Roadside 584952 188293 NO2 No 0 4.0 No 2.5 KE7 Westcliff Esses Auto Group Roadside 584892 188301 NO2 No 0 10.0 No 2.5 KE8 Kent Elms Corner

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.

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Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Capture for Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Capture 2016 Monitoring (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Period (%) (1) 2016 UKA004 Urban Automatic 96.00 96.00 22.30 22.30 20.30 19.40 18.11 09 Background SOU18 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A 33.50 24.80 31.80 28.40 28.42 N/A SOU19 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A 31.00 28.30 27.10 23.60 24.44 N/A SOU20 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A 32.90 30.70 29.50 29.50 25.85 N/A SOU21 Roadside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 N/A 33.90 39.20 37.90 36.18 36.44 SOU22 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 N/A 24.90 24.90 31.20 28.55 30.35 SOU23 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A 39.70 32.40 N/A N/A N/A SOU24 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A 31.60 31.80 35.90 28.76 33.03 SOU25 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A 29.70 31.20 28.80 28.15 30.38 SOU26 Roadside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 N/A 37.00 36.30 36.50 34.43 34.53 SOU27 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A 22.40 24.20 23.10 20.59 22.74 SOU28 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A 34.70 34.10 31.10 31.59 31.91 SOU29 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A 22.70 27.80 24.50 22.21 22.98 SOU30 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A 24.30 29.90 26.90 23.56 25.44 SOU31 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A 30.30 30.10 30.20 24.71 27.96 SOU32 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A 26.70 27.40 28.20 25.99 27.08 SOU33 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A 48.90 49.55 49.21 SOU34 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 24.22 25.08 SOU35 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 25.34 24.81 SOU36 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 23.10 28.93 SOU37 Roadside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 N/A N/A N/A N/A 27.08 28.93 SOU38 Roadside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 N/A N/A N/A N/A 30.30 40.92 SOU39 Roadside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 N/A N/A N/A N/A 38.50 41.45

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Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Capture for Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Capture 2016 Monitoring (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Period (%) (1) 2016 SOU40 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 32.04 33.64 SOU41 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 32.54 31.75 SOU42 Roadside Diffusion Tube 66.67 66.67 N/A N/A N/A N/A 22.81 28.27 SOU43 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 30.06 36.49 SOU44 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.88 83.88 N/A N/A N/A N/A 37.59 37.59 SOU45 Roadside Diffusion Tube 75.00 75.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 26.08 28.38 SOU46 Roadside Diffusion Tube 85.71 50.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 31.36 KE1 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.88 83.88 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 27.68 KE2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 31.03 KE3 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 23.60 KE4 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.33 83,33 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 33.44 KE5 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 27.4 KE6 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 30.36 KE7 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 41.54 KE8 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 29.79

☐ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 36

Table A.4 Southend AURN Site Annual Mean NO2 Data

Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Monitoring Capture for Site ID Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (2) (1) 2016 (%) Period (%) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

UKA00409 Urban Background Automatic 96 96 24 20 19 18 21

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 37

Table A.5 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

3 (3) Valid Data Capture Valid Data NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m Monitoring Site ID Site Type for Monitoring Capture Type (1) (2) Period (%) 2016 (%) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

UKA00409 Urban Automatic 96 96 0 12 0 0 0 Background

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 38

Table A.6 – Ozone (O3) Monitoring Results

Valid Data Ozone - Number of Exceedances of the 8-Hour Running 2015 Annual 3 Site ID Site Type Capture 2015 Mean (100µg/m ) Mean (µg/m3) (%) (2) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

UKA00409 Urban 98.53 48.99 34 66 37 37 61 Background

Table A.7 AURN Site Ozone (O3) Monthly Means

µg/m3 45 52 50 56 65 50 45 52 46 34 31 21

Data 100% 82% 92% 100% 96% 86% 96% 87% 96% 99% 100% 96% Capture

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 39

Table A.8 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results

3 (3) PM2.5 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Valid Data Capture Site ID Site Type (1) (2) Period (%) 2016 (%) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

AURN Urban UKA00409 95 95 9.9 10.7 11.2 9.78 12 Background

Notes: (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 40

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2016

Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2016

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean Distance Bias Site ID Corrected Adjusted Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw to (0.77) and Data Nearest Annualised (1) Exposure 2 ( )

Erroneous Value SOU21 54 52 53 52.3 50.1 41.4 Removed 41.5 38.2 47.6 50.7 39.8 47.33 36.44 N/A

SOU22 41 42 40 Missing 36 31.9 31.1 27.8 36.7 60.5 Missing 47.1 39.41 30.35 SOU24 50 46 39 38.7 37.1 39.8 35.8 37.7 44.6 42 50.1 53.9 42.89 33.03 SOU25 45 46 36 37.8 36.2 33 33.4 33.7 38.4 37.9 48.1 47.9 39.45 30.38 SOU26 54 47 44 43.9 40.5 36.5 41.2 41.7 47.6 38 51 52.7 44.84 34.53 Erroneous Value SOU27 31 30 30 26.7 30.4 20.5 Removed 21.8 24.2 33.8 36.5 40 29.54 22.74 SOU28 52 44 38 40.8 40.3 35.2 34.9 39.9 42 39.6 48 42.6 41.44 31.91 SOU29 33 32 33 25.4 34.6 17.8 21.2 24.5 26.6 28.8 37.2 44 29.84 22.98 SOU30 41 36 37 33.8 25 25.7 21.2 24.5 30.8 34.7 38.7 48.1 33.04 25.44 SOU31 42 34 33 47.2 34.6 30.6 31.4 33.8 37.3 23.9 40.1 47.9 36.32 27.96 SOU32 39 40 33 38.7 30.9 29.5 29.2 27.1 33 32.5 45.8 43.4 35.18 27.08

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 41

SOU33 72 61 62 67.8 61.6 61.7 60 64.2 69.2 59.7 60.3 67.4 63.91 49.21 SOU34 46 33 30 29.9 24.4 23.9 25.5 26.9 32.7 36.2 37.2 45.1 32.57 25.08 SOU35 31 36 32 30.4 30.8 26.9 24.2 24.8 29.7 35.2 41.8 43.8 32.22 24.81 SOU36 37 38 39 29 35 32.6 28.4 35.9 37 45.5 43.8 49.7 37.58 28.93 SOU37 41 38 38 37.1 34.5 Missing 27.8 32.3 33.2 39.2 41.4 50.8 37.57 28.93 Erroneous Value SOU38 62 52 54 45 53.1 46.6 Removed 46.7 52.8 52.4 59.8 60.1 53.14 40.92 Erroneus Value SOU39 64 55 50 51 48.3 48.3 50.7 Removed 55.2 50.3 61.8 57.6 53.84 41.45 SOU40 57 43 43 39.3 36.9 37.3 38.2 37 46.7 42.4 43.2 60.8 43.73 33.67 SOU41 54 43 44 40.5 34.3 35 37.2 32.5 41.2 40.4 43.2 49.5 41.23 31.75 Erroneous Value SOU42 Missing Missing 39 Missing 42.1 30 Removed 32.3 32.8 29.4 41.5 46.6 36.71 28.27 SOU43 46 53 51 43.6 43.4 36.1 33.2 36.7 39.2 72.8 57.8 55.9 47.39 36.49 SOU44 47 54 48 35.4 Missing 38.5 40.7 Missing 44.9 60.3 57.3 62.1 48.82 37.59 SOU45 Missing 31 38 31.6 31.4 28.3 Missing 27.3 Missing 51.8 43.9 48.4 36.86 28.38 SOU46 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 34.1 36.1 39.4 36.5 Missing 48.2 50.1 40.73 31.36

Kent

Elms K1 46.5 38.5 36.3 missing missing 27.1 26.1 25.5 36.6 33.4 41.9 47.6 35.95 27.68 K2 53.9 37.3 37.7 38.6 26.9 32.6 35.1 35.8 42 41.9 50.9 51.2 40.3 31.03 K3 32.5 34.7 34.8 32.4 29.1 23.1 23.3 26.1 26.5 33.4 37.1 35.8 30.7 23.6 K4 46.3 39.9 47.6 missing 44.2 missing 36.7 37.8 34.5 47.5 55.3 44.5 43.43 33.44 K5 34.8 40.2 39.6 36.3 36.5 22.9 26.6 24.7 31 37.2 48.8 44.8 35.36 27.4

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 42

K6 42.6 41.6 40 41.3 33.6 28.1 31.6 31.3 34 42.8 53.3 52 39.43 30.36 K7 63 54.8 54 51.9 54 48.4 49.2 45.2 55.2 52.8 57.7 61.2 53.95 41.54 K8 50 42.9 36.8 35.2 28.1 28.4 35.6 33.9 40.7 35.4 47.3 50.1 38.7 29.79

☐ Local bias adjustment factor used ☒ National bias adjustment factor used ☐ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 43

Figure B.1: Nitrogen Dioxide Trend Data 2011 to 2016

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 44

Blank page

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 45

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC

Automatic Monitoring QA/QC The Automatic Monitor that is sited in Chalkwell Park in Southend is part of the AURN (Automatic Urban and Rural Network). The AURN is the UK's largest automatic monitoring network and is the main network used for compliance reporting against the EU Ambient Air Quality Directives.

Data ratification is a detailed manual check of the data set carried out on a quarterly basis for the AURN.

All calibration data is reviewed in addition to information from analyser services and repairs and any other information available for the particular site or analyser over the whole ratification period. In addition, the results from the independent QA/QC audits are incorporated to take account of any problems detected during the QA/QC audits such as:

 Manual review of the data to exclude any data from instrument malfunctions or faulty calibrations.  Data scaling with the most recent calibration factors.  Long-term drift in an ozone instrument calibration.  Faulty NOx converters.  Drifts in calibration cylinder concentrations.  Instrument leaks or flow faults.  Faulty instrument configuration. In addition, data ratification also requires the judgement of experienced air quality scientists who will have to consider the validity of data in the light of many things including:

 Relationships between pollutants.  The impact of air pollution episodes.  The context of the results in the overall UK pollution climate.  National and regional pollutant patterns.  Long-term trends. For more information, visit the Defra Air Quality web pages at: http://uk- air.defra.gov.uk.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 46

Diffusion Tubes QA/QC Southend-on-Sea Borough Council undertook monitoring at 25 semi-permanent nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes sites in 2016. The Council also undertook temporary monitoring at 8 additional sites specifically related to road improvements at the A127 Kent Elms Junction. This data has been included in the 2016 summary but not included in the annual trend graph in Appendix C as it is a temporary data set..

The diffusion tubes were supplied by Environmental Scientifics Group (ESG Didcot) (UKAS Testing Laboratory number 1015) with a preparation method of 50% triethanolamine (TEA) in Acetone.

The AIR NO2 proficiency testing scheme found that the laboratory achieved the following percentage of results determined as satisfactory for 2016:

Table C.1 – AIR PT Results 2016

AIR PT AIR PT AIR PT AR007 AIR PT AR009 AIR PT AR010 Round AR006

Round January – April – May July – August October – conducted February 2016 2016 November 2016 in the period 2016

ESG Didcot 100% 75% 75% 100%

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Southend-on-Sea Borough Council does not operate a co-location site therefore the national bias adjustment figure was used for calculating the diffusion tube results.

The Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Spreadsheet for March 2016 identified that for ESG (Didcot) 50% TEA in acetone diffusion tubes in 2016, a bias adjustment factor of 0.77 should be used. This was derived from orthogonal regression analysis of 21 studies.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 47

Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs (See next page)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 48

Figure D.1 Map of Monitoring Locations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 49

Figure D.2 New Diffusion Tube Site SOU 46

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 50

Figure D.3 Map of The Bell Junction A127 Southend AQMA and Order

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SOUTHEND ON SEA BOROUGH COUNCIL

ENVIRONMENT ACT 1995, SECTION 83

Air Quality Management Area Order

Southend on Sea Borough Council ("The Council"), in exercise of the powers conferred upon it by Section 83(1) of the Environment Act 1995, hereby makes the following Order.

1. This Order may be referred to as the Air Quality Management Area (Southend on Sea Borough Council) (No.1) Order 2016 and shall come into effect on 7th November 2016. The Cabinet confirmed the making of this Order on 20th September 2016 (Minute 276 refers) and this was noted at Council on 20th October 2016 (Minute 400 refers).

2. The effect of the Order is to designate an Air Quality Management Area ("the AQMA"), in respect of the area shown edged green on the plan in Schedule 1 which includes the properties listed in Schedule 2 attached.

3. Where the AQMA includes any part of a property, it shall be taken to include the whole of that property (buildings and associated open space) within the same curtilage.

4. This AQMA is designated in relation to a likely breach of the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Annual Mean Objective as specified in the Air Quality Regulations 2000.

5. This Order shall remain in force until it is varied or revoked by a subsequent Order.

The Common Seal of Southend on Sea Borough Council was hereto affixed in the presence of:

Proper Officer

Address for I ommunications: Southe on Sea Borough Council, Civic Centre

Victoria Avenue, Southend, Essex SS2 6ER

Notes: A copy of this Order and associated schedules may be seen, free of charge, at the above address during normal working hours. It is also available on the Council's website www.southend.gov.uk/airquality. Enquiries should be directed to Customer Services at the above address, via telephone on 01702 215000 or else via the website.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 52

Schedule 2

Air Quality Management Area (Southend on Sea Borough Council) (No.1) Order 2016

8 Bell Walk Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6GU 7 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 12 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex 552 6NW 6 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 11 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 10 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 3 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 9 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW Commercial premises at 4 - 5 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW Commercial premises at 8 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW Commercial premises at 1-2 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 4A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 5A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex 552 6NW 10A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 1A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 6A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 9A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW Flat At 12 Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 2A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex 552 6NW 3A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 8A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 7A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 11A Earls Hall Parade Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NW 143A Hobleythick Lane Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ORL Commercial premises 138 Hobleythick Lane Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ORJ Commercial premises at 143-145 Hobleythick Lane Westcliff-On- Sea Essex 136 Hobleythick Lane Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ORJ 138A Hobleythick Lane Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ORJ 141 Hobleythick Lane Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ORL 147 Hobleythick Lane Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ORL 137 Hobleythick Lane Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ORL 139 Hobleythick Lane Westcliff-On-Sea Essex 550 ORL 21 Larke Rise Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6GQ St John Fisher Hall St John Fisher Catholic Church 2 Manners Way Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PT St John Fisher Catholic Church 2 Manners Way Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PT LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 53

Presbytery St John Fisher Catholic Church 2 Manners Way Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PT 5 Manners Way Southend-On-Sea Essex 5S2 6QR 8 Manners Way Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PT 7 Manners Way Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6QR 10 Manners Way Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PT

Schedule 2 Page 1 of 5

12 Manners Way Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PT 85 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 94 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 87-89 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 95 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 83 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Prince Avenue Surgery 3 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Commercial premises at 53 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Commercial premises 79 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Commercial premises at 77 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN Commercial premises at 59 Prince Avenue Southend- On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Commercial premises at 53 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Commercial premises at 126 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW Commercial premises at 96-118 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Commercial premises currently The Bell Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Commercial premises Cafe 91 - 93 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Commercial premises at 130 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW Commercial premises at 120 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW Commercial premises at 122 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW Commercial premises at 140 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW 134 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW Commercial premises 91-93 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 42 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 46 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 48 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 92A Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 92C Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 33 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 37 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 41 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 43 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 47 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 142 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 54

144 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW 150 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW 152 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW 156 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW 50 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 58 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 60 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 64 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 68 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 70 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 74 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 78 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 82 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 84 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 88 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN

49 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 1 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 11 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 13 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 15 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 17 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 19 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 2 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 21 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 23 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 25 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 27 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 29 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 30 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 5 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 7 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 8 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 30 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 36 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 38 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 1 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 19 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 21 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 25 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 5 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 9 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 128 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW 80 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 86 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 90 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 55

31 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 35 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 39 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 45 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 52 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 56 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 62 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 66 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 72 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 76 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 146 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW 148 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW 154 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW 44 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 83A Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 92B Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 95A Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 32 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 56

34 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 40 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN 11 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 15 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 17 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 23 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 29 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 7 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 16 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 18 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 20 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 22 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 24 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 26 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 28 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 3 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 4 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 6 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 9 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 10 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 12 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN 14 Princes Court Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RN Flat Above 93 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Flat Above 85 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL Residential Accommodation above the commercial premises currently at The Bell Hotel Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 136 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW 138 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO ONW Flat Above 94 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NN Flat 1 122 Prince Avenue Westcliff-On-Sea Essex SSO OEW 87A Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 89A Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6AL 51 Prince Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6RL 236 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 240 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 244 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 246 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 250 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 254 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 258 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 260 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 238 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 242 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 248 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 252 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 256 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 262 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR 266 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex 552 6PR

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264 Priory Crescent Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6PR Commercial premises at 6A Rochford Road Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6SP Commercial premises at 2 Rochford Road Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6SP Commercial premises at 4 Rochford Road Southend-On- Sea Essex SS2 6SP 8A Rochford Road Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6SP 2A Rochford Road Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6SP Flat Above 4 Rochford Road Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6SP 8B Rochford Road Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6SP 458 Victoria Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6ND 460 Victoria Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6ND 503 Victoria Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NL 507 Victoria Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NL 454 Victoria Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6ND 456 Victoria Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6ND 452 Victoria Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6ND 505 Victoria Avenue Southend-On-Sea Essex SS2 6NL

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Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective4 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO ) 2 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM ) 10 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

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Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

AURN Automatic Urban and Rural Network

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

TEA Triethanolamine – substance used in diffusion tube for absorbing nitrogen dioxide

UKAS United Kingdom Accreditation Service

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References Cycle Southend website available at; http://www.cyclesouthend.co.uk/

Defra Air Quality web pages available at: http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk.

Defra Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Spreadsheet available at; http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/Database_Diffusion_Tube_Bias_Factors_v03_16 _Final_v2.xls

Defra LAQM Summary of Laboratory Performance in AIR NO2 PT Scheme available at; http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-AIR-PT-Rounds-1-12-(April-2014- February-2016)-NO2-report.pdf

Defra LAQM Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 available at; http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-PG16-April-16-v1.pdf

Defra LAQM Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 available at; http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG16-April-16-v1.pdf

Defra Nitrogen Dioxide Fall-Off with Distance Calculator available at; http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/tools-monitoring-data/no2-falloff.html

Essex Air Quality Consortium available at; http://www.essexair.org.uk/AQInEssex/LA/Chelmsford.aspx

EssexCarShare.com available at; https://essex.liftshare.com/

Essex Air Twitter Feed available at; https://twitter.com/essexair

Ideas in Motion Southend website available at http://www.ideasinmotionsouthend.co.uk/

Just Ride Southend website available at; https://justridesouthend.com/

London Southend Airport Surface Access Strategy 2014 available at http://www.southendairport.com/images/corporatecommunity/environmentalresponsi bility/pdfdownloads/airport-surface-access-strategy.pdf

Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01 available at; http://www.phoutcomes.info/

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Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Detailed Assessment 2016

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Annual Status Report 2016

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Local Plan available at; http://www.southend.gov.uk/info/200449/saved_planning_policies/495/southend-on- sea_borough_local_plan

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Local Transport Plan available at; http://www.southend.gov.uk/info/200242/transport_policies_and_traffic_regulation_or ders/343/local_transport_plans

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