Pudukkottai State, Report
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CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931. PUDUKKOTTAI STATE,. REPOR~ BY RAO SAHIB S. DANDip ANI A YYAR, B.A., Supe?'intendent oj Census Ope'raiions. PCDUKKOTT AI : l'lU~TED AT THE SRI ERIHADAl.ILBA STATE PRESS. I!) 33 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE, Introductory III CHAPTER. PART I-THE REPORT. I. DiRtribntion and movement of the populati()n ..• 1 II. Villagrs and TownR ... 7 III. Birthplace 11 IV. Age 15 V. Sex 20 VI. Civil condition 23 YII. Infirmities 26 VIII. Occupa tions 3[i IX. Literacy fiG X. Langnage GG XL Rpligion 70 -0 XII. Race, tribe or mlste ... I u MAP" AND Dn(lUA)[R. (a) Jlaps (at veginning of volume). 1. Pudnldwttai State, showing topographical details. 2. Plldnkkottai State, sllOwing density of population in Hl31. 3. l)udnkkottai State, showing ,'ariation in popnlation between H)21 and 1931. 4. Plldnkkottai municipality. (b) Di(Jgl'am.~ (attached to page 18). 1. Bil·th rate~. (a) for the hvent,Y years 1911 to Hl30. (b) figures for 1!J 11 to ] !J20 compared with those for 1921 to 1 U30. 2. Death rates. (a) for the twenty years 1911 to 1930. (b) figures for 1911 to 1920 compared with those for 1921 to 19:30. 1>A RT II-THE 'TABLES. TAIlLE. 1. Area, houses and population 2 n. Variation in population since ISi1 3 II-A. Variation in population since 1£1l1 b.v talnks and divisions 4 III. Towns and villages classified by population 5 IV. Towns classified by population with yariation since 1911 G V. Town:; with p~pnlatioo by Religion 'i Y1. Birthplace 8 VlJ. Age, sex and ci,"il condition: Part l--All religionfl !J ., 2-Hindus 10 " 3-Musallllans 11 4-Chri,tians " 12 VII-A. Number of persons of each sex living in the State at paeh age : Part I-All religions 13 " 2-Hindus 13 3-Mnsalmans. " 14 ,. 4-Christian!' 1-1 VII-B. Popnlation of taluks and towns by age and Rex 15 .t\ TABLE. VIII. Civil condition by age for "elected caste:; : Part I-Males· 16 2-Females ... " 18 IX. Iofirmities- Part I-Distribution by age 20 2-Distriblltion by tal uk;; " 20 " 3-Distribution by religion and caste 21 X. Occupation or means of liveiihood XI. Occupations of selected castes 31 XII. Part 1-OCcl1pations of ettrncrs literate in ~JngJish 3D " 2-Dependents literate in English classified b'y age periods 3D XIII. Literacy by reiigion and age -10 XIV. Literacy by nge for sdected castes Part 1-1\la1es ±l " 2-Females ... 12 XIV -A. Literacy by age for taluks anJ division,, Part I-Males 13 2-FemaJes ... " H XV. Language 45 XV-A. Principal languages by taluks and divi~i()ns -16 XVI. Distribntioo of religions hy talnl,,; and divibion;;- Part I--.,..IU3! (by sexes) ±7 " 2-.1911 to 1931 (hoth sexe:,:) ±8 XVI-A. Christians by denominAtion since ISD! 49 XVII. Caste, tribe or race ... 50 XVIII. Population in main castes from U)OI to 1931. •• 51 XIX. Distribution of the main castes by taluks and divisions 52 XX. Enropeans and ~\.nglo-Indians by age 5± PART III-THE SUBSIDIARY TABLES. CHAPTER. I. Dil:Mibution and movelll<!nt of the population ... II. Villages and Towns 7 III. Birthplace \} IV. Age 12 \7. Se>; 20 VI. Civil condition 2-l: VII. Infirmities 32 VIII. Occupations 35 IX. Literacy 38 X. Language 46 XI. Religion ±8 XII. Race, tribe or caste 50 ..:\PPENDIOES. 1. Form of Census schedule n° 2. Blocks and enumerators in each charge iii 3. Departments from which snpervil:;ors were seleetccl iii 4. Li~t of charge sUllcrinLendents IV 5. Strength of the abstraction and tabulation {'stablishnwnt ..• IV 6. Progress statement of a.1 stractioll and taLulatioo IV 7. Expenditure on the Censns V P \ 45'0 79 15 ' ~ \ n b ~ I ~ I ~ I ~. MAP k oflhe I ~~ * T I PUDUKOTAH STATE ~ Showing the Taluks,Revenue ~ ~ , ~ Inspecters Divisions and ! Topographical details Scale linch =4 M iles Area 1179 sq Miles () ~1li'''1iiII ~ 10 'i) 30' 30' 8 ~ " " ~ 0 '( y ~ ~ ~ 'II REFERENCE -I & ~ .~ I IODlli1!OTTAI "'~I ,," 15' 15' ~ NNAMARAVATI '"lIi~,~~iI/<I~."'D,I1J ,.. ritl'I'I'~~l/OO - 'D, KD " ...1 riIIjII ,RI. ~llIi. ' I~-!l~ I- 'mlj!l'~ ' !IIIiII<•• I'I~ , ,.u,,~ ~ ~ ",,,.,(,.,,.I_,OIiiIo ~ 6mrlWIIII D t ;r ItIIiI IHI \ \ Ilit 1 It I fllll"' i117 i u \ T H. M flft 0 I.m,JllIiI N A * r,,1 78 30 45 ' 15' l t • o j :It :s - Q III > It! ,.. ,... < o o 0. o c o :; ~ r .q ~ '9 \). .. T f " I 1- ,. .... . 'f . ! I f / :'I • I t.rJ ... ,: 0 ! z ~ ~ ~ t-- Z l ~ :r: .. ... z :0 0 ~ ~ ~ « 0 tit: .. ... !l I- ... i a .. • t 0 II. a ~ rn § - : ~ ;;s ~ '"GO :! -t " ... ... g g :,:) iii 1I + Ill! ~ ii ¥ i - 0 ." )- "" It Z 0 • ~ i '< 2 ~ g";j lb. Q • • ,.. Eo- z:li • J!.. : b - ... ~ .. _Illlii )00 • ~ ~Il ~ ~ i · i :;, ~ ~- " 1- :> ~ ... Cl ~ ~ ~ a. +' >y1}/~-l. C1! 0- f., -" , ::::l tl ~ .1 I ::z I .... III I I'tI \ >- ... ,I ~ "'" ~ >- a... 0 ;;) ~ 0 n. !;: ..., ,.. .... 0 ~ "... fI'J '( .".. q G . 'Q + \). ~ ~ .0 ./' 4- '( ~ . <, T \ ~ , "5- -l. " ~ ~ I 0 -e " " I II I I 11 1/tI \ I• MAP OF u 0 u K o T T A PUDUKKOTTAI TOWN \I' Scale tl lnches= 1 Mile I ," I- ( H f f I' 0 ~ ., /. .., I- ( D ., , ) , / ? o 1 u D u K . ~ -- . INTRODUCTORY. The earli(;st numbering of the people of Ivhich we have a record is perhaps tha~ ,of King History of the census: David who, tempted by Satan, forced Jcab, the captai~ of the hest, to l1ur~ber Israel an,d General. J adah. The work took 9 months and 20 Jays; but 1emg apparently a lllllItary censns, It was confined to the counting of the '. valiant men that drew the sword." 1'he dire consequences that follo'vved the unr1el'taking probably stopped further ennmerations in that area. A complete cadastral SUl'vey and census of Babyloni~L, 1l1l:luJil1g agricultural stock and produce, appears to have been ca:t:rieJ out for revenue, ?u~poses in ,the ;:r~ J\Iilleni ~m B. C. t)imilar surveys are known to have taken place In the I'ersmo EmpIre, Chum and l!.;gypt for the assessment of fiscal, military or labour liabilities. A register of the Boman citizens and their property was starterl by Servius rl'ullius in the sixth century before Christ, mainly for purposes of taxation. It continued to be kept up by quinquennild enumerations even il~ t,he days of the HepulJlic, and was exte,1H1ec1 by Ann'ustus in 5 B. C, to the whole R·oman Empn·e. It lS Ivorthy of note that a punficatory sac~ifice was the concluding item in the censns operations. 'l'he Roman eensus perished in the wreck of the Homan Empire. In our own country, L~ cemms on the modem linen seem's to have been taken from very early times. In the Artha sastra of Kantilya c'1mposetl ["bout the 4th century B. C., we fllld an elaborate description of the census operations, cOl'responaing not only to a, census of the people as we understand it, but also inc:uding a cattle census and a revenue settlement. "The taxable capacity of each village was accurately ascertained by the officers of the central government with rc,ference to the following d(lta, namel,v: (i) the lHlluber of houses or holdings which ,ye18 tax-paying anu non-tax-paying; (ii) the number of inh:-tbitants in each household of each of the four castes; (iii) the number of cultivlttors, covv-herds, traders, artisans, and serfs; (iv) the number of live-stock; (Y) the t11110unt and nature of taxes and fines realizable from en.ch household. snch as contributions of cash, labour, etc.; (vi) the num bel' of males and females in each house, with debtils regarding their age, occnpation, character, income and expendIture." In modern Europe, the census lmlJit d02f, not appeal' to have arisen till ab:.:mt the 18th century A. D. The first censns was taken in Fnmce in 1700; in Ru",sia, 17::n; in several of the Ge~man States, 1742; in Sweden, 1748 ; in Denmark, 1769; and in Spain, 1787. In Great Britain, propost1ls were made for a censns and defeated in 1753, as fear was expressed that a numbering of the people woul<l be followed by "some Great public misfortune or epidemical distemper." But these fears were overcome and the census was uefinitely established in 180], from which time it is being regularly ta,ken every ten years. Rough estima,tes of popUlation were being made by the Hev8nue oflicittls in South India from the days of the Honourable Company but no regular censns ,,\-'as taken till 1871, the year of the first census of the entire British Empire. 2. An estimate of the popuhtion of the Pudukkottai State was ti-rst made in the veal' History of 1826--27 (Vyaya) -the year remembered for the "great drought" and the "terrific hUl'ric~ne" the census: which followed it-probably as part of the similar operations conducted in the adjoining British Puilukkottai State. territory. The total number of people then counted waf; ~11,74'2 or 53 per cent of that in 1931-107,909 males and 103,833 females, No further particulars appeal' to have been gathered on that occasion, nor any Sll bsequent ennmeration made until 1871. Heguhr censuses are being taken from that date, at the beginning of each decade, along with the cells us of the rest of the Indian Empire.