Progress on Ice Giant Missions in Europe

Home , Cheops, Cluster II (spacecraft), Cosmic Vision, LISA Pathfinder, Solar Orbiter, Uranus Pathfinder

Progress on ice giant missions in Europe

Chris Arridge1,2

1. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, UCL, UK. 2. The Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, UK.

Twitter: @chrisarridge

OPAG – Bethesda, MD, USA – 24 July 2014 2/20

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include Mars Express, Venus Express, ROSETTA, Express,ROSETTA, Mars Express,include Venus programme programme and the emergence of life?and did the Universe originate and what is it -speaking demand a programmatic

How How made of? What are the physical fundamental laws of the fundamentalWhat the physical laws are Universe? planetary planetary What the conditionsfor are formation How How does the Solar System work? Missions born from that HERSCHEL, Huygens, HST.

–

4. 3. 1. 2. Part of ESA’s mandatory mandatory ESA’s of Part

Cosmic Vision drivenscientific by themes: Originated with Horizon and Horizon+ programmes return. balance (between balance (between scientific domains) and due broadly Operate according to a setof guidelines that GDP, contributions frommember states weighted by

• •

•

• Overview of the Cosmic Vision Cosmic of the Overview 3/20

– include Mars Express, Venus Express, ROSETTA, Express,ROSETTA, Mars Express,include Venus life? programme programme

and the emergence of did the Universe originate and what is it -speaking demand a programmatic

Howdoes the Solar System work? fundamental of laws physical the areWhat ? Universe the How made of? planetary Whatthe conditions are for planetary formation Missions born from that HERSCHEL, Huygens, HST.

–

2. 3. 4. 1. Part of ESA’s mandatory mandatory ESA’s of Part

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•

• Overview of the Cosmic Vision Cosmic of the Overview 4/20 if

not

programme

) numbersand include

CaC example Solar Orbiter. Solar example example JUICE example

- -

€ €

class missions and Missions of classof missionsand Missions Opportunity. -

. class: 500 M class: - class: ~1000 M class: -

Medium“M” Large“L”

These figures are the cost at completion ( are Thesefigures the at cost completion but study operations, phase, launch vehicle, spacecraft, instruments Implication is that ESA member states can delay canthe delay states ESA member isthat Implication

Also Also includesS they can’t afford to supply the instruments. the to supply afford can’t they

• •

• • •

classes Mission 5/20

transits) [2017] transits)

2028] [ exoplanet

hunter) [2023] hunter)

ray observatory at at L2 point) observatory ray - exoplanet (gravitational wave (gravitational [2035] observatory)

eLISA

M2: [2020] M2: matter) EUCLID (darkenergy/dark M3:PLATO (

M1: Solar Orbiter (solar and solar wind mission to go to 0.3 AU) AU) [2017] 0.3 to to go wind mission solarand (solar Orbiter Solar M1:

L2: Athena+ (X L2: Athena+

L1: JUICE (Jupiter/Ganymede) [2021] (Jupiter/Ganymede) JUICE L1:

S1: S1: CHEOPS of (high precisionphotometry

L3: L3:

• •

• • • Missions currently in the pipeline the in currently Missions 6/20

[2035]

eLISA Lisa Pathfinder [2014] Fundamental Phys. (2) Phys. Fundamental

[2009]

HST [1990] HST ISO[1995] XMM Newton [1999] Athena+ [2028] EUCLID [2020] [2023] PLATO Integral [2002] CHEOPS [2017] JWST [2018] Planck Herschel [2009] GAIA [2013] GAIA Astrophysics (12) Astrophysics

[2016]

[1990]

[1995]

SOHO Ulysses Huygens [1997] Huygens M6[2031/2032?] M7[2034/2035?] M4 [2025/2026?] M5 [2028/2029?] JUICE [2021] BepiColombo Cluster II[2000] Solar Orbiter [2017] Mars Express [2003] Smart 1 [2003] [2004] ROSETTA Venus Express [2005] Venus Solar System (11)

1995-1999 1990-1994 -2035 2030 2025-2029

2020-2024 2015-2019 2000-2004 2005-2009

2010-2014

Missions Missions and balance programmatic 7/20

[2035]

eLISA Lisa Pathfinder [2014] Fundamental Phys. (2) Phys. Fundamental

[2009]

HST [1990] HST ISO[1995] XMM Newton [1999] Athena+ [2028] EUCLID [2020] [2023] PLATO Integral [2002] CHEOPS [2017] JWST [2018] Planck Herschel [2009] GAIA [2013] GAIA Astrophysics (12) Astrophysics

[2016]

[1990]

[1995]

1995-1999 1990-1994 -2035 2030 2025-2029

2020-2024 2015-2019 2000-2004 2005-2009

2010-2014

Missions Missions and balance programmatic 8/20

[2035]

eLISA Lisa Pathfinder [2014] Fundamental Phys. (2) Phys. Fundamental

[2009]

HST [1990] HST ISO[1995] XMM Newton [1999] Athena+ [2028] EUCLID [2020] [2023] PLATO Integral [2002] CHEOPS [2017] JWST [2018] Planck Herschel [2009] GAIA [2013] GAIA Astrophysics (12) Astrophysics

[2016]

[1990]

[1995]

1995-1999 1990-1994 -2035 2030 2025-2029

2020-2024 2015-2019 2000-2004 2005-2009

2010-2014

Missions Missions and balance programmatic 9/20

Quest, -

R, STE

with with 16 a year

, EVE, and Titan

-Fregat

, Marco Polo -

Alfvén EChO LOFT. – Other missions with UP who lost out include mission. SpecifiedUranus a orbiter launching via Soyuz transfer. One ofsubmissions. ~30 Uranus Pathfinder reachedfinal the eight setof missions. Four of these were selected fora phase 0 study leading to PLATO. Uranus proposal submittedwas M3 to call in 2010. • • • • • •

Uranus Pathfinder in Pathfinder Uranus M3 10/20

system system magnetosphere

? ? planetary ? magnetosphere? ?

moons uranian Solar Wind coupling work at ice giants ice at work couplingSolar Wind ? ? ? work ofUranus’ Ice Giant ionosphere-

heliosphere aurorae, and highlyasymmetric , radio emissions generated at ice giants at iceradiogenerated emissions Giant

evolution evolution auroral ? processes shape atmospheric chemistry and cloudformation on an icegiant? is the nature and history history of Uranus’the nature and is can we learn from in situobservations of Centaurs? is the overall configuration of the isthe configuration and of origin Uranus’ asymmetric highly magnetic field? aeronomy do Uranus’ dusty rings work do the rings and inner satellitesinteract? does magnetosphere - are does the outer do dense rings behave dynamically? as anIce ’ phase science origins and and origins What How How is Uranus’ weather structure and composition influenced by its unique seasons How How How What How How How What What What is the compositionof the uranian ringsWhat is Why Why does Uranus emit very littleheat? What the rotation What of Uranus rate is How What is the internal structure internalthe Whatcompositionand isof Uranus

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Cruise Uranus The The Uranus

•

Uranus Pathfinder science themes 11/20

angle cameras. angle

and wide - and

infrared spectrometer. infrared -

- Narrow Microwave radiometer. Microwave science.Radio

Magnetometer. package. Particle infrared. Thermal

Near spectrometer. UV imaging

•

• • • • • • • Model instruments Model payload 12/20

discuss.

(France) (France)

Lamy (Italy) Mattand

heliosphere. (USA), Mark Hofstadter Hofstadter (USA), Mark

the needed measurements to address them and assessfuture mission (USA).

Hammel our our Review knowledge and identify the remaining questionsset by the Uranus system and the outer concepts (numerous proposalsrecently submitted to NASA,CNES ESA, Summarise an occasion to the Uranusto community occasionProvideto meet an and

2. 3. 1.

(USA), Anna Milillo (USA), Anna http://uranus.sciencesconf.org/ Heidi Heidi Fletcher (UK),Daniel Gautier (France), Goals: (France), Chris Arridge (UK), Leigh Leigh (UK), Arridge Chris (France), and supported Nicolas by André Observatory in September 2014. Uranus workshop held at the Paris SOC led by Laurent Tiscareno

• • • •

European interest European in interest Giants Ice 13/20

et al. (2014,A&A)

Cavalié Herschel observations of CO stratospherein Uranus’ and troposphere. Argues forexternal source. • • et al. (2012, GRL) rediscoveryof

Aurorae brightened at thearrival a of solar wind shock. Lamy Uranus’ UV aurorae. • • theoreticalof study

the solar wind. in the efficiency of magnetic reconnection Masters (2014, JGR) (2014, Masters coupling between the magnetosphere and Shows pronouncedseasonal dependence

• •

Active Active community science 14/20 -

esas to- et et [Italy] al. response- - instead ran a

Turrini submitted- -

papers missions/ - l3 - white and- - l2 the- - Masters et al.Masters [Japan/UK] vision/52030- for - - themes -

science - for - http://sci.esa.int/cosmic call

–

AfterJUICE, ESA decided not to run open calls forL2/L3 – “science theme” selection process in 2013 via whitepapers. whitepapers 32 received: threeUranus and/or on Neptune:

• •

Arridge [UK] al. et Arridge

L2/L3 Science theme process theme Science L2/L3 15/20 16/20 - l2 - the - class class for - themes - exploration of the icy ofthe icy exploration science on- - report - and perfectly fitting an for the criteria fitting L- and perfectly vision/53261 -

considered the study study ofgiantstothetheconsideredaof be icy theme

.”

missions - the success of the Cassini mission, and after the selection of an of selection the after and mission, the Cassini of success the

SSC l3

and- http://sci.esa.int/cosmic

“The mission , fully appropriate for an L an classfor fully appropriate , milestone be to timely a appears giants exploration mission toward the Jovian system, the the mission the Jovian toward system, exploration “After .” agencies other means, such as cooperation on missions led by by suchled on partnermeans, as cooperationmissions other very science quality very high through is to pursuethememade this every thateffort recommends this theme for L2 or L3. In view of its importance, however, the SSC SSC the however, its importance, In view of orL3. L2 for theme this taking account of the wide array of themes, the SSC does not recommend recommend SSC does not the themes, of wide the array of account taking quality science themes, and despite its undoubted quality, and balanceon quality, its undoubted despite and themes, science quality mission. However, in in However, view mission. with a high of the competition rangeof other L2/L3 outcome L2/L3 17/20 particle

auroral

. €

characterisation

-cap due missionsto going over budget and instrument costs for

ray telescope. ray - exoplanet : space: plasma physics missionlook to at : infrared space telescope : : astrometry now now at450M /PRISM: cosmic microwave background.

– UVMag: UV space telescope EVE/ENVISION: Venus missions EChO SPICA LOFT: X COrE NEAT Alfvén acceleration. -announcement already made: call due in August, deadline formid-January

– – – – – – – –

a 2025/2026 launch. Pre Reducedcost JUICE Competition: teams) and are working on a Uranus proposal. European Uranus/Neptune communities have merged (c.f. whitepaper L2/L3

• •

•

• M4 call M4 18/20

(INAF)

(UCL) (INAF) (AURA) (INAF) (LESIA)

(JHU/APL)

Politi Plainaki Lamy Turrini Hammel Rymer

Diego Romolo Chris Arridge Chris Arridge Nicolas André André Nicolas (IRAP) Abi (JPL) Hofstadter Mark Laurent Heidi Heidi

Daniel Gautier (LESIA) Leigh Fletcher (Oxford) Christina

Nigel Bannister (Leicester)

Adam Masters (Imperial College)

Uranus M4 mission working group working mission M4 Uranus 19/20

/ASRG.

eMMRTG (1.3-1.9 B$).

€ /s downlink). kbit

Vs. MMRTG/

currently investigating bilateral investigating currently

– ) RPS Am) RPS 241

(using forL2/L3 missions ~1-1.2 B

: European costings

Telemetry: largest ESA dish is 35m (~ 35m is dish ESA largest Telemetry: Thermal control: Uranus Pathfinder interplanetary transfer included Venus GA. Power ESA

– – –

–

Establish scienceteam. fall. in the early UK workshop science issues: technical critical of Study

Particular attention to costs and programmatic/schedule implications. to attention Particular costsand programmatic/schedule

committee recommendations) recommendations) committee Reduced cost cap necessitates a (also mission bilateral follows ReducedL2/L3 cap necessitates cost concepts.

• • • •

•

and Current status activities 20/20 - - -and-l3 l2 papers - -the- white -for

- :10.1007/s10686 -themes 791, doi 791, -vision/52030-

-science et al..

-for 3), pp. pp. 3), - 753 -call -esas ://sci.esa.int/cosmic

http http://uranus.sciencesconf.org/

ESA: -response-to

. / 4.

9251-

submitted-in missions Alsoin forthcoming specialPlanet. issue ofSci. Space (papers led by Arridge et al.,Masters et al., Turrini Published by Publishedby

– –

Uranusconference:

L2/L3 white white L2/L3 papers:

Experimental Astronomy, 33(2 - Astronomy, Experimental 011- Uranus Pathfinder mission concept paper: Arridge et et Arridge al. (2012)paper: concept mission Pathfinder Uranus

• • • Links and papers and Links