Engineering Contents Fronts Foreword 1 Part 1 Methodology 2 1 Identification of engineering research fronts 2 1.1 Production of topics 2 1.2 Expert review 3 2 Identification of engineering development fronts 3 2.1 Production of ThemeScape map 3 2.2 Expert review 4 3 Terminologies 4 Part 2 Reports in Different Fields 5 I. Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering 5 1 Engineering research fronts 5 1.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering research fronts 5 1.2 Interpretations for three key engineering research fronts 10 2 Engineering development fronts 17 2.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering development fronts 17 2.2 Interpretations for three key engineering development fronts 22 II. Information & Electronic Engineering 30 1 Engineering research fronts 30 1.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering research fronts 30 1.2 Interpretations for three key engineering research fronts 36 2 Engineering development fronts 46 2.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering development fronts 46 2.2 Interpretations for three key engineering development fronts 51 III. Chemical, Metallurgy & Materials Engineering 61 1 Engineering research fronts 61 1.1 Development trends in the top 12 engineering research fronts 61 1.2 Interpretations for three key engineering research fronts 66 2 Engineering development fronts 74 2.1 Development trends in the top 12 engineering development fronts 74 2.2 Interpretations for three key engineering development fronts 79 IV Energy & Mining Engineering 87 1 Engineering research fronts 87 1.1 Development trends in the top 13 engineering research fronts 87 1.2 Interpretations for three key engineering research fronts 94 2 Engineering development fronts 108 2.1 Development trends in the Top 14 engineering development fronts 108 2.2 Interpretations for three key engineering development fronts 117 V. Civil, Hydraulic & Architecture Engineering 128 1 Engineering research fronts 128 1.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering research fronts 128 1.2 Interpretations for three key engineering research fronts 133 Engineering 2 Engineering development fronts 140 Fronts 2.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering development fronts 140 2.2 Interpretations for three key engineering development fronts 146 VI. Environmental & Light Textile Engineering 155 1 Engineering research fronts 155 1.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering research fronts 155 1.2 Interpretations of three key engineering research fronts 159 2 Engineering development fronts 166 2.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering development fronts 166 2.2 Interpretations of three key engineering development fronts 172 VII. Agriculture 181 1 Engineering research fronts 181 1.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering research fronts 181 1.2 Interpretations for three key engineering research fronts 184 2 Engineering development fronts 191 2.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering development fronts 191 2.2 Interpretations for three key engineering development fronts 196 VIII. Medicine & Health 202 1 Engineering research fronts 202 1.1 Development trends in the top 9 engineering research fronts 202 1.2 Interpretations for three key engineering research fronts 207 2 Engineering development fronts 215 2.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering development fronts 215 2.2 Interpretations for three key engineering development fronts 220 IX. Engineering Management 230 1 Engineering research fronts 230 1.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering research fronts 230 1.2 Interpretations for three key engineering research fronts 234 2 Engineering development fronts 242 2.1 Development trends in the top 10 engineering development fronts 242 2.2 Interpretations for three key engineering development fronts 248 Participants of General Plan Group 256 Engineering Fronts Foreword The Engineering Fronts reports are important guidelines for the future development directions of engineering science and technology. The Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) has been conducting studies pertaining to Engineering Fronts for two years since 2017, with the aim of offering academic guidance and assistance in decision making. In collaboration with Clarivate Analytics, studies in Engineering Fronts rely on nine core academic divisions and “1+9” academic journals of the CAE (i.e., Engineering and nine other specialized journals). Each year, the study issues 94 identified engineering research fronts and 96 engineering development fronts in both Chinese and English. Among them, 27 key engineering research fronts and 27 key engineering development fronts are selected for detailed interpretations. The studies in Engineering Fronts combine quantitative and qualitative analyses. On the one hand, published journal papers (e.g., from the SCIE), conference papers, and global patents are taken into consideration to obtain the initial alternative fronts. On the other hand, experts are involved in the whole study process, including proposing candidate engineering fronts from their perspective and experience, researching the results from data-mining, and interpreting the key results. This report consists of two parts. The first part introduces the methodology. The second part includes a total of nine reports on the engineering research fronts and engineering development fronts in nine fields corresponding to the nine core academic divisions. 1 Part 1 Methodology Part 1 Methodology Combining both quantitative and qualitative analyses, fronts were extracted in the following two methods. In the engineering front study applied deep integration of data first method, Clarivate Analytics clustered the top 10% highly analysis and expert advice to select a total of 94 engineering cited papers of journal literatures and conference proceedings research fronts and 96 engineering development fronts in indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection based on the co- 2018. The number distribution of engineering fronts of nine citation clustering method to obtain the topics. The second fields corresponding to the nine academic divisions of the method was based on expert proposal. These two methods Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) is shown in Table 1. yielded 482 candidate engineering research fronts. After expert group meetings and questionnaires, approximately 10 Clarivate Analytics conducted quantitative analysis and engineering research fronts were selected from each field. obtained 702 candidate engineering research fronts based on the co-citation clustering method and 53 ThemeScape maps of 53 disciplines of nine fields. 1.1 Production of topics In addition, experts of nine fields proposed candidate engineering Clarivate Analytics matched the Web of Science Core Collection fronts based on their insights before the original dataset was journal/conference proceedings to the nine CAE academic determined and after data mining was conducted. This was done divisions, including a total of 12 882 journals and 28 626 to supplement potential gaps in the content coverage for each conference proceedings. Experts manually reviewed the field in quantitative analysis. After several rounds of expert group journal/conference proceeding mapping table for each field meetings and questionnaires, approximately 10 engineering and finalized the list by making appropriate adjustments with research fronts and 10 engineering development fronts were their domain knowledge. Additionally, Clarivate Analytics determined. Among them, three key engineering research fronts reassigned publications in 67 Multidisciplinary Sciences and three key engineering development fronts were selected for journals such as Nature and Science to their most relevant detailed interpretation. subject area. By using the information found in the cited references of each publication, it was possible, in most cases, 1 Identification of engineering research to algorithmically reassign them to a subject area. The final fronts publication dataset comprised of articles, reviews, and proceeding papers that were published in matched journals In this report, the basic materials of engineering research and conference proceedings from the above methods. These Table 1 Number distribution of engineering fronts of nine fields Field Number of engineering research fronts Number of engineering development fronts Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering 10 10 Information & Electronic Engineering 10 10 Chemical, Metallurgy & Materials Engineering 12 12 Energy & Mining Engineering 13 14 Civil, Hydraulic & Architecture Engineering 10 10 Environmental & Light Textile Engineering 10 10 Agriculture 10 10 Medicine & Health 9 10 Engineering Management 10 10 Total 94 96 2 Engineering Fronts publications were published between January 2012 and 2017, The topics from bibliometric analysis and expert proposal with citation counts to the end of February 2018. were merged and condensed to produce a total of 482 candidate engineering research fronts. In each field, Clarivate Analytics identified publications that were in the world’s top 10% by number of citations received, Finally, after several rounds of expert group meetings and considering the publication year and Journal Subject Category questionnaire, 94 engineering research fronts were selected (JSC). Because citation rates differ for different modes of for nine fields. publication, conference proceeding papers and journal papers were treated separately. For each field, Clarivate Analytics 2 Identification of engineering clustered these top 10% highly cited publications based on development fronts