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Introduction of Peter Agre The Journal of Clinical Investigation AAP KOBER MEDAL 2016 Association of American Physicians George M. Kober Medal Introduction of Peter Agre Paul B. Rothman Distinguished colleagues, thank you all Many people have the misconception for being here tonight. It is my great plea- that science is a dry, emotionless enter- sure and honor to introduce the winner of prise, because it’s grounded in empirical the 2016 George M. Kober Medal, my col- observation and rational conclusions. But league and friend, Dr. Peter Agre (Figure 1). when Peter was young, the senior Dr. Agre The Kober Medal, awarded annually would bring Peter and his brothers into by the Association of American Physi- his lab on the weekends to try out simple cians (AAP), is one of the most prestigious experiments, and he instilled in Peter the honors in our profession. The list of past sense that science isn’t a dreary discipline winners includes many titans of academic at all but a true adventure. Any of you who medicine: Francis Collins, Tony Fauci, Vic- know Peter will attest that this spirit of tor McKusick, Joseph Goldstein, Michael wonder and enthusiasm about the pursuit Brown, Robert Lefkowitz, Helen Taussig, of knowledge still comes through any time and many others. you get him talking about his work. The Kober Medal recognizes individu- Peter knew by the third grade that als who have set themselves apart through he wanted a career in a lab. However, the pursuit of scientific knowledge and the just because he got the chemistry bug at advancement of medicine through experi- a young age doesn’t mean he necessari- mentation and discovery. ly showed an early aptitude for chemis- Figure 1. Dr. Peter Agre. As a consummate physician-scientist try. Quite the opposite actually. He’ll be and biomedical innovator, Peter Agre is the first to tell you he was a rather sub- truly deserving of this great honor. him to notoriety in our field and which par chemistry student in high school. As many of you know, Dr. Agre is a have earned him this award today. He earned a “D” in chemistry his senior molecular biologist, physician, and Nobel Dr. Agre grew up in a Norwegian com- year at Theodore Roosevelt High School, laureate. He is a professor of molecu- munity in western Min- lar microbiology and immunology in the nesota called Northfield. Johns Hopkins University School of Med- His mother was a farm icine, a Bloomberg Distinguished Pro- girl from South Dakota of fessor, and director of the Johns Hopkins Swedish and Norwegian Malaria Research Institute. descent. She was an avid We are fortunate that he has chosen to reader who read to Peter spend most of his professional life at Hop- and his siblings every kins, save for a couple of years spent at a cer- night. Jim and Mark, two tain university down south. After serving as of Peter’s three brothers, vice chancellor for science and technology at also pursued careers in Duke University Medical Center from 2005 medicine — they are both to 2007, he returned home to Baltimore. psychiatrists — and Peter I’ll start by sharing a little biographical credits his father, Court- info about Peter, and then I’ll elaborate on land Agre (Figure 2), who the scientific achievements that rocketed was a professor of chem- istry and chairman of the chemistry department Conflict of interest: P. Rothman is a member of the at St. Olaf College, for Merck Board of Directors and receives compensation in sparking the boys’ interest the form of income and stock. in science. Reference information: J Clin Invest. 2016; 126(12):4735–4741. doi:10.1172/JCI91686. This article is adapted from a presentation at the AAP/ ASCI/APSA Joint Meeting, April 16, 2016, in Chicago, Figure 2. Courtland Agre in Illinois, USA. his lab at St. Olaf, 1950. jci.org Volume 126 Number 12 December 2016 4735 AAP KOBER MEDAL The Journal of Clinical Investigation Figure 3. The Agre family in 1965. Peter is on the left. despite having a live-in tutor in his chem- withdrew from high school. Luckily, he job there in the chemistry department. istry-professor father. was able to finish all the credits he needed Peter graduated college early in the win- Here’s another story he’s fond of tell- to graduate in night school. ter of 1970 and then spent several months ing. After one ninth-grade-chemistry He then enrolled to study chemistry as traveling alone through Asia (Figure 4), classroom experiment, he dumped a buck- an undergraduate at Augsburg College, a hitchhiking through Japan and Taiwan, rid- et of reactive chemicals straight in the sink, Lutheran school in Minneapolis. The school ing a motorcycle across Thailand. The trip and when the potassium oxidized upon took him in spite of his lackluster academic changed his worldview and inspired a life- hitting the water and ignited the hexane record, partly because his dad had taken a long thirst for international travel. in the solution, it set off a huge explosion that burned his eyebrows off and required a fresh paint job for the classroom! Peter tells these stories, and others like them, to illustrate his early ineptitude in science. A little footnote here.... in my opinion, these self-deprecating stories don’t just make for humorous anecdotes or serve to show that he has remained humble (which he certainly has). I believe he uses these stories for a specific purpose: to send a message to young people who worry they aren’t suited for careers in science or med- icine because they can’t sit still in class or they didn’t go to an elite East Coast col- lege — to send a message that there is no single path to success in our field. Because for Peter, the path to a career in academia started out rocky. As high school progressed, Peter went from Boy Scout (Figure 3) to self-styled Bolshevik. He prided himself on his coun- terculture streak — camping throughout Russia and publishing an underground newspaper with his friends. In 1967, he Figure 4. Peter in 1970. 4736 jci.org Volume 126 Number 12 December 2016 The Journal of Clinical Investigation AAP KOBER MEDAL Figure 5. Cuatrecasas lab at Johns Hopkins, 1974. All eight premed chemistry majors the clinical problems he eventually hoped resulted in the discovery of the first in his class at Augsburg got accepted to to address in his lab. So he did his residen- known membrane defects in spherocyto- medical school, and Peter chose Johns cy in internal medicine at Case Western sis. Hereditary spherocytosis is a disorder Hopkins, where he enrolled in the fall of Reserve University Hospitals of Cleveland where mutations cause red blood cells to 1970. At Hopkins, he worked under Pedro (Figure 8). be misshapen and thus easily destroyed, Cuatrecasas in the Department of Phar- He then completed a Hematology- leading to hemolytic anemia. Togeth- macology. There, he was part of the lab Oncology Fellowship at the University er with Vann Bennett, Peter studied the that was responsible for the first isolation of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), membranes and discovered they lacked of the estrogen receptor (Figure 5). He also where he met and befriended a hematolo- a cytoskeletal protein called spectrin — a worked in the infectious diseases group gy professor named John Parker. study they published in the New England under Brad Sack, determined to purify the Peter’s early work investigated the bio- Journal of Medicine. E. coli toxin. chemistry of red blood cells. This research He joined the faculty of the Johns Hop- Even more importantly, while he was a med student at Hopkins, he met his future wife, Mary Macgill (Figure 6), who was working in a neurovirology lab at the time. The two married in 1975, which means they celebrated their 40th wedding anni- versary last year. They have four children: three daughters, Sara, Claire, and Carly, and a son, Clarke (Figure 7). And nev- er mind the Kober or the Nobel — these amazing children are Peter’s proudest accomplishment. Peter believed that he needed to train as a physician in order to truly understand Figure 6. Mary Macgill. (A) Peter’s wife Mary, with their son Clarke. (B) Peter and Mary, who celebrated their 40th wedding anniversary in 2015. jci.org Volume 126 Number 12 December 2016 4737 AAP KOBER MEDAL The Journal of Clinical Investigation Figure 7. The Agre family. importance of the blood group antigen Rh was universally recognized,” Peter explained, “I was surprised to learn... that the molecular identity of Rh was com- pletely unknown. The existence of 32-kDa polypeptides in red cells from Rh(D) indi- viduals was reported by two European groups. We initiated a new project on the Rh blood group antigen in the hope that isolation of the polypeptide would allow us to define the components of the Rh antigen. Andy Asimos and I injected a series of rabbits with the partially puri- fied 32-kDa Rh polypeptide. When Andy left for medical school, Barbara Smith, a former blood bank technologist, replaced him and set about purifying the Rh poly- peptide with me.” Within a dozen years at Hopkins, in 1993, Agre rose to the rank of professor of biological chemistry and medicine. Around the same time, he aided Tom Pollard (then-director of Cell Biology) in starting a new PhD program in cellular and kins School of Medicine in 1981, taking a little at Hopkins that apparently he had molecular medicine designed to give lab pay reduction from his previous staff post to work at a professional boxing club as a students a comprehensive understanding at the Wellcome Labs and an adjunct job ringside physician to make ends meet! of clinical diseases.
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