Comparing different wood fuels – which types of wood fuels fit to which heat markets?
Christian Rakos, proPellets Austria
Phone: *43 2233 70146 What types of wood fuels are used for heating ?
Logwood: for traditional heating, also with modern logwood gasification boilers
Wood briquettes: for traditional stove heating
Woodchips: for automatic heating of wood, 50 kW – 10.000 kW: commercial heating, district heating
Wood pellets: for automatic heating of wood for residential heating, commercial heating 5 kW – 1000 kW Logwood: for residential use
Established and well known technique
Low cost
BUT: low efficiency in conventional heating stoves!
High emissions of smoke
SOLUTION: efficient modern boilers and stoves Wood Briquettes
Have been a traditional way of upgrading sawmill wastes before pellets
Simple production process
Very dry, good burning properties
Can be an alternative to logwood for small stoves or fireplaces Modern Logwood heating systems
Logwood gasification boiler: 20 - 70 kW
Efficiency > 90%
Very clean combustion
Producers: Fröling, Köb, Herz, Windhager, Hoval …
High Efficiency wood stoves: e.g. Tiled stove
Contact: Österr. Kachelofenverband: www.kachelofenverband.at Improvement of combustion by technology development in Austria – emission reduction Average efficieny of wood boilers increased from 50% in 1980 to 92% in 2004 Wood chips
From sawmill residues or from forestry wood
Canbeusedin automatic boilers
Very low cost fuel
no consistent quality: varying humidity & wood quality
Low density Where can wood chips be used
In large boilers constructed for high humidity fuel
Commercial use in sawmills for heat production
Use in small to medium scale district heating (500kW-20 MW) in Austria (>1000 projects!)
Possible for smaller residential projects (100-500 kW). www.regionalenergie.at
For Farm heating Preconditions for wood chip use in smaller units
Quality controll of chips (humidity, size !)
Heat plant operation by fuel supplier
Large storage space or closeby suppliers Wood pellets
Made from sawmill byproducts
High density
Clearly defined quality
Canbeusedin small scale and medium scale heating Differences between Chips and Pellets
Pellets Chips Heating Value per kg 4,7 3,7 kWh/kg Heating Value per m3 3077 750 kWh/m3 Water content 8% 25% Density 650 200 kg/m3 Ash content 0,50% 1% Key advantages of pellets
High energy density • Easy transport • Small storage volumes
Homogenous quality: high operating security
Can be used in households
Very clean fuel (handling, combustion) Anually installed pellet and chips boilers <100 kW
Zuwachs an Heizanlagen pro Jahr 9000 Pellets 8000 Hackgut 7000
6000 6077 5000 5193 4932 4492 4000 3466
3000 2128 1323 425 2000 2855 2280 2344 2392 2558 2027 1913 2058 2149 1000 1548 1501 1479 1579 1036 1443 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Source: NOE Landeslandwirtschaftskammer 2005 Pellet Stoves
filled with bagged pellets
Electric ignition
fully automatic operation, 90% efficient
Ash removal every 2 weeks
Costs > 1500€
Also as central heating device Pellet stove with central heating function
Heat exchanger for water
approx. 12 kW
For central heating and hot water preparation
Best combined with solar
Stands in the living room
Costs approx. 5.000,- € Pellet boilers for domestic heating in single family houses
10 - 30 kW
automatic feeding, ignition and ash removal
> 90% efficiency
very low emissions
Investment: approx. 10.000 € Pelletburner: for existing oil boilers
Low cost: > 3.000,-€ Disadvantage: frequent manual cleaning, lower efficiency Fully integrated renewable energy system: Energy Cabin
pellet boiler & storage flat plate solar collector Storage tank for hot water For individual houses, groups of houses or large buildings All integrated in a container www.energycabin.com Specific investment costs of biomass heating systems
Single family District heating houses systems
Heating large buildings Full cost comparison of heating a single family house with chips, pellets, oil and Gas (current fuel prices)
Annual Costs 4.000,00
3.500,00
3.000,00 Betriebsgebundene & 2.500,00 sonstige Kosten Verbrauchsgebundene 2.000,00 Kosten Kapitalkosten [Euro / a] 1.500,00
1.000,00
500,00
0,00 Hackgut Pellets Heizöl Erdgas Chips Pellets Oil Gas Development of worldwide pelletproduction Million tons 16 15 mill. tons ?
14
12
10 9.0 mill. tons
8 7.5 mill. tons
6
4 3.0 mill. tons
2 0.75 mill. tons 0.10 mill. tons Quelle: F.N.Jensen, Andritz 2007
1980 1990 2000 2007 2010 Years Europe is the centre of global pellet production
Global production 2006: 8,3 Mio. Tonen
European production 2006: 6,3 Mio. Tons Pellet use can grow very quickly: sales of pellet stoves in Italy
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Outlook
Global oil production is starting to decline
Wood fuels are a very important opportunity to subsitute oil
Austria has technology and experiences for efficient use of wood fuels
We are happy to cooperate with you! Thank you for your attention