DOCSLIB.ORG

IHA Application for Garden State Offshore Energy Iii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IHA Application for Garden State Offshore Energy Iii Orsted Wind Power North America, LLC Application for Incidental Harassment Authorization for the Non-Lethal Taking of Marine Mammals During Site Characterization Surveys Lease OCS-A 0519 Prepared by CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. September 2020 Revised February 2021 . Application for Incidental Harassment Authorization for the Non-Lethal Taking of Marine Mammals: Site Characterization Surveys Lease OCS-A 0519 DOCUMENT NO.CSA-ORSTED-FL-20-81107-3468-04-REP-01-FIN Version Date Description Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by: Initial draft for M. Barkaszi 01 10/2/2019 A. Lawson M. Barkaszi review K. Hartigan Revised per client M. Barkaszi 02 04/13/2020 G. Dodillet M. Barkaszi input K. Hartigan Revised per client 03 06/15/2020 K. Hartigan M. Barkaszi M. Barkaszi input 04 08/12/2020 Revised draft K. Hartigan M. Barkaszi M. Barkaszi K. Hartigan FIN 02/23/2021 Final K. Hartigan M. Barkaszi M. Barkaszi The electronic PDF version of this document is the Controlled Master Copy at all times. A printed copy is considered to be uncontrolled and it is the holder’s responsibility to ensure that they have the current version. Controlled copies are available upon request from the Document Production Department. Suggested citation: CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. 2021. Application for incidental harassment authorization for the non-lethal taking of marine mammals: site characterization surveys Lease OCS-A 0519 and Associated Export Cable Routes. Submitted to Orsted. February 2021. 79 pp. Table of Contents Page List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. vi List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................... vii 1.0 Description of Proposed Activities ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 ACTIVITIES CONSIDERED IN THIS APPLICATION......................................................... 3 1.2.1 Acoustic Analysis of Activities Considered in this Application .................................... 3 1.3 SURVEY EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................... 6 1.3.1 Equipment Summary ..................................................................................................... 9 1.4 DISTANCES TO REGULATORY THRESHOLDS .............................................................. 12 1.4.1 Environmental Assessments of Site Characterization Geophysical Sources ............... 13 2.0 Survey Dates, Duration, and Specific Geographic Region .......................................................... 14 2.1 SURVEY ACTIVITY DATES AND DURATION ................................................................ 14 2.2 SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHIC REGION ..................................................................................... 14 2.3 SURVEY ACTIVITIES .......................................................................................................... 14 3.0 Species and Numbers of Marine Mammals .................................................................................. 15 3.1 PROTECTED POPULATIONS .............................................................................................. 15 3.2 MARINE MAMMAL SPECIES ............................................................................................. 15 4.0 Affected Species Status and Distribution ...................................................................................... 19 4.1 MYSTICETES ........................................................................................................................ 20 4.1.1 North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis) ..................................................... 20 4.1.2 Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) ............................................................. 22 4.1.3 Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) ............................................................................ 24 4.1.4 Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis).............................................................................. 24 4.1.5 Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) ................................................................ 25 4.2 ODONTOCETES .................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.1 Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus) ..................................................................... 26 4.2.2 Risso’s Dolphin (Grampus griseus) ............................................................................. 27 4.2.3 Long-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas) .......................................................... 28 4.2.4 Short-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) .......................................... 29 4.2.5 Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) ............................................ 30 4.2.6 Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) ........................................................................ 31 4.2.7 Atlantic Spotted Dolphin (Stenella frontalis) .............................................................. 31 4.2.8 Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) ..................................................... 32 4.2.9 Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) ....................................................................... 33 4.3 PHOCIDS ................................................................................................................................ 34 4.3.1 Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) ....................................................................................... 34 4.3.2 Gray Seal (Halichoerus grypus) .................................................................................. 35 5.0 Type of Incidental Take Requested ............................................................................................... 36 6.0 Take Estimates for Marine Mammals ........................................................................................... 37 6.1 BASIS FOR ESTIMATING NUMBERS OF MARINE MAMMALS THAT MIGHT BE TAKEN BY HARASSMENT ................................................................................................. 37 IHA Application for Garden State Offshore Energy iii Table of Contents (Continued) Page 6.1.1 Zone of Influence Calculations .................................................................................... 38 6.1.2 Marine Mammal Density Calculation .......................................................................... 39 6.1.3 Take Calculation .......................................................................................................... 42 6.2 ESTIMATED NUMBERS OF MARINE MAMMALS THAT MIGHT BE TAKEN BY HARASSMENT ...................................................................................................................... 42 6.2.1 Estimated Level A Harassment of Marine Mammals .................................................. 42 6.2.2 Estimated Level B Harassment of Marine Mammals .................................................. 43 6.2.3 Requested Level B Takes ............................................................................................. 44 7.0 Effects on Marine Mammal Species or Stocks ............................................................................. 46 7.1 MITIGATION ......................................................................................................................... 46 7.2 MULTIPLE EXPOSURES AND SEASONALITY ............................................................... 46 7.3 VOLUMETRIC DENSITY CALCULATIONS ..................................................................... 46 7.4 NEGLIGIBLE IMPACTS ....................................................................................................... 47 8.0 Minimization of Adverse Effects to Subsistence Uses .................................................................. 48 9.0 Anticipated Impacts on Habitat ..................................................................................................... 49 9.1 SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 49 9.2 LONG-TERM IMPACTS ....................................................................................................... 49 10.0 Anticipated Effects of Habitat Impacts on Marine Mammals .................................................... 50 10.1 SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 50 10.2 LONG-TERM IMPACTS ....................................................................................................... 50 11.0 Mitigation Measures ....................................................................................................................... 51 11.1 VESSEL STRIKE AVOIDANCE PROCEDURES ................................................................ 51 11.2 SEASONAL RIGHT WHALE OPERATING REQUIREMENTS ........................................ 52 11.3 MONITORING, EXCLUSION, AND LEVEL B HARASSMENT ZONES ......................... 52 11.4
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fin Whale…………24 Sperm Whale…………26 Humpback Whale…………28 North Atlantic Right Whale…………30 Blue Whale…………32
    PURA VIDA Puerto Vueltas. Valle Gran Rey. La Gomera www.lagomerapuravida.com !1 PURA VIDA Puerto Vueltas. Valle Gran Rey. La Gomera www.lagomerapuravida.com INDEX CETACEANS…………4 TYPES OF CETACEANS…………5 Common bottlenose dolphin…………6 Short-finned pilot whale…………8 Long-finned pilot whale…………9 Atlantic spotted dolphin…………11 Rough-toothed dolphin…………13 Common dolphin…………15 Cuvier’s beaked whale…………17 Blainville’s beaked whale…………22 Striped dolphin…………20 Bryde’s whale…………22 Fin whale…………24 Sperm whale…………26 Humpback whale…………28 North Atlantic right whale…………30 Blue whale…………32 !2 PURA VIDA Puerto Vueltas. Valle Gran Rey. La Gomera www.lagomerapuravida.com OTHER ANIMALS Great Hammerhead…………35 Sailfish…………37 Loggerhead sea turtle…………39 Leatherback sea turtle…………41 Green sea turtle…………43 Portuguese Man O’War…………45 Common stingray…………47 Round fantail stingray…………49 Cory’s shearwater…………51 Kraken…………53 !3 PURA VIDA Puerto Vueltas. Valle Gran Rey. La Gomera www.lagomerapuravida.com CETACEANS The word cetacean is used to describe all whales, dolphins and porpoises in the order Cetacea. This word comes from the Latin cetus meaning "a large sea animal”, and the Greek word ketos, meaning "sea monster”. - Cetaceans are mammals. - They are warm-blooded (they maintain a constant internal body temperature). - Like other placental mammals, cetaceans give birth to well-developed calves and nurse them with milk from their mammary glands. - Cetaceans have lungs, meaning they breathe air. An individual can last without a breath from a few minutes to over two hours depending on the species. Cetacea are deliberate breathers who must be awake to inhale and exhale.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies Written by The
    List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies Written by the Committee on Taxonomy The Ad-Hoc Committee on Taxonomy , chaired by Bill Perrin, has produced the first official SMM list of marine mammal species and subspecies. Consensus on some issues was not possible; this is reflected in the footnotes. This list will be revisited and possibly revised every few months reflecting the continuing flux in marine mammal taxonomy. This list can be cited as follows: “Committee on Taxonomy. 2009. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, www.marinemammalscience.org, consulted on [date].” This list includes living and recently extinct species and subspecies. It is meant to reflect prevailing usage and recent revisions published in the peer-reviewed literature. Author(s) and year of description of the species follow the Latin species name; when these are enclosed in parentheses, the species was originally described in a different genus. Classification and scientific names follow Rice (1998), with adjustments reflecting more recent literature. Common names are arbitrary and change with time and place; one or two currently frequently used in English and/or a range language are given here. Additional English common names and common names in French, Spanish, Russian and other languages are available at www.marinespecies.org/cetacea/ . The cetaceans genetically and morphologically fall firmly within the artiodactyl clade (Geisler and Uhen, 2005), and therefore we include them in the order Cetartiodactyla, with Cetacea, Mysticeti and Odontoceti as unranked taxa (recognizing that the classification within Cetartiodactyla remains partially unresolved -- e.g., see Spaulding et al ., 2009) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Marine Mammal Species & Subspecies
    List of Marine Mammal Species & Subspecies The Committee on Taxonomy, chaired by Bill Perrin, produced the first official Society for Marine Mammalogy list of marine mammal species and subspecies in 2010 . Consensus on some issues was not possible; this is reflected in the footnotes. The list is updated annually. This version was updated in October 2015. This list can be cited as follows: “Committee on Taxonomy. 2015. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, www.marinemammalscience.org, consulted on [date].” This list includes living and recently extinct (within historical times) species and subspecies, named and un-named. It is meant to reflect prevailing usage and recent revisions published in the peer-reviewed literature. An un-named subspecies is included if author(s) of a peer-reviewed article stated explicitly that the form is likely an undescribed subspecies. The Committee omits some described species and subspecies because of concern about their biological distinctness; reservations are given below. Author(s) and year of description of the species follow the Latin species name; when these are enclosed in parentheses, the species was originally described in a different genus. Classification and scientific names follow Rice (1998), with adjustments reflecting more recent literature. Common names are arbitrary and change with time and place; one or two currently frequently used names in English and/or a range language are given here. Additional English common names and common names in French, Spanish, Russian and other languages are available at www.marinespecies.org/cetacea/. Species and subspecies are listed in alphabetical order within families.
    [Show full text]
  • 23 April 2014 List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies the Committee on Taxonomy, Chaired by Bill Perrin, Has Produced
    23 April 2014 List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies The Committee on Taxonomy, chaired by Bill Perrin, has produced the first official SMM list of marine mammal species and subspecies. Consensus on some issues was not possible; this is reflected in the footnotes. This list will be revisited and possibly revised every few months reflecting the continuing flux in marine mammal taxonomy. This version was updated on 23 April 2014. This list can be cited as follows: “Committee on Taxonomy. 2014. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, www.marinemammalscience.org, consulted on [date].” This list includes living and recently extinct species and subspecies. It is meant to reflect prevailing usage and recent revisions published in the peer-reviewed literature. Author(s) and year of description of the species follow the Latin species name; when these are enclosed in parentheses, the species was originally described in a different genus. Classification and scientific names follow Rice (1998), with adjustments reflecting more recent literature. Common names are arbitrary and change with time and place; one or two currently frequently used in English and/or a range language are given here. Additional English common names and common names in French, Spanish, Russian and other languages are available at www.marinespecies.org/cetacea/. Based on molecular and morphological data, the cetaceans genetically and morphologically fall firmly within the artiodactyl clade (Geisler and Uhen, 2005), and therefore we include them in the order Cetartiodactyla, with Cetacea, Mysticeti and Odontoceti as unranked taxa (recognizing that the classification within Cetartiodactyla remains partially unresolved -- e.g., see Spaulding et al., 2009, Price et al., 2005; Agnarsson and May-Collado, 2008)1.
    [Show full text]
  • Incidental Harassment Authorization for the Non-Lethal Taking of Marine Mammals: Site Characterization Surveys
    Orsted Wind Power North America, LLC Application for Incidental Harassment Authorization for the Non-Lethal Taking of Marine Mammals: Site Characterization Surveys Lease OCS-A 0498 Prepared by CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. November 2020 Revised March 2021 Application for Incidental Harassment Authorization for the Non-Lethal Taking of Marine Mammals: Site Characterization Surveys Lease OCS-A 0498 DOCUMENT NO. CSA-ORSTED-FL-21-81107-3468-25-REP-01-FIN Version Date Description Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by: Initial draft for M. Barkaszi 01 09/23/19 M. Halvorsen M. Barkaszi client review K. Hartigan Client comment M. Barkaszi 02 10/02/19 M. Halvorsen M. Barkaszi revised K. Hartigan M. Barkaszi 03 09/21/2020 Revised draft G. Dodillet M. Barkaszi K. Hartigan 04 11/20/2020 Client revisions K. Hartigan M. Barkaszi M. Barkaszi FIN 03/11/2021 Final K. Hartigan Client M. Barkaszi The electronic PDF version of this document is the Controlled Master Copy at all times. A printed copy is considered to be uncontrolled and it is the holder’s responsibility to ensure that they have the current version. Controlled copies are available upon request from the Document Production Department. Suggested citation: CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. 2021. Application for incidental harassment authorization for the non-lethal taking of marine mammals: site characterization surveys Lease OCS-A 0498. Submitted to Orsted. November 2020, Revised March 2021. 81 pp. Table of Contents Page List of Tables ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 13 December 2011 List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies
    13 December 2011 List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies The Ad-Hoc Committee on Taxonomy, chaired by Bill Perrin, has produced the first official SMM list of marine mammal species and subspecies. Consensus on some issues was not possible; this is reflected in the footnotes. This list is revisited and possibly revised every few months reflecting the continuing flux in marine mammal taxonomy. This version was updated on 13 December 2011. This list can be cited as follows: “Committee on Taxonomy. 2011. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, www.marinemammalscience.org, consulted on [date].” This list includes living and recently extinct species and subspecies. It is meant to reflect prevailing usage and recent revisions published in the peer-reviewed literature. Author(s) and year of description of the species follow the Latin species name; when these are enclosed in parentheses, the species was originally described in a different genus. Classification and scientific names follow Rice (1998), with adjustments reflecting more recent literature. Common names are arbitrary and change with time and place; one or two currently frequently used in English and/or a range language are given here. Additional English common names and common names in French, Spanish, Russian and other languages are available at www.marinespecies.org/cetacea/. Based on molecular and morphological data, the cetaceans genetically and morphologically fall firmly within the artiodactyl clade (Geisler and Uhen, 2005), and therefore we include them in the order Cetartiodactyla, with Cetacea, Mysticeti and Odontoceti as unranked taxa (recognizing that the classification within Cetartiodactyla remains partially unresolved -- e.g., see Spaulding et al., 2009, Price et al., 2005; Agnarsson and May-Collado, 2008)1.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth of Fin Whale in the Northern Pacific
    GROWTH OF FIN WHALE IN THE NORTHERN PACIFIC SEIJI (KIMURA) OHSUMI, MASAHARU NISHIWAKI AND TAKASHI HIBIYA* On the growth of the fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus, Linn.), Mac­ kintosh & Wheeler (1929) reported first in detail for the southern stock At that time, however, available age characters were not yet known. Therefore, chiefly on the age of the whale, their paper was incomplete. They pointed out the possibility of the number of ovulations and ossifi­ cation of vertebral column as age characters. Wheeler (1930) developed this method and classified several groups by means of the number of ovulations. Peters (1939) calculated the number of ovulations in each breeding season. Ruud (1940, 1945) discovered the age determination for whales by means of baleen plates. And then Tomilin (1945), Nishiwaki (1950, 195la) and Utrecht (1956) advanced this method. Furthermore Nishiwaki (1951b) showed the colourlation of crystalline lens as an age character. These age characters, however, are somewhat incomplete. In 1955, Purves discovered lamination in the core of the ear plug. This is now regarded as the best age character for baleen whales. Then, Laws & Purves (1956) and Nishiwaki (1957) studied the age of baleen whales chiefly fin whales using the number of the laminations. On investigations of life history for the southern fin whales, many reports have been presented. On the other hand, the studies of growth for the northern fin whale have been relatively scanty. The reason will be that the whales caught in northern hemisphere have been relatively rare and so we have not been blessed with chances of investigation of whales.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1. List of Abbreviations and Symbols
    Appendix 1. List of Abbreviations and Symbols Adgb Androglobin HPNS High-pressure nervous syndrome ADL Aerobic dive limit IAP Internal acoustic pinna atm Air pressure in units of atmo- J Joules spheres. 1 atm = 760 mmHg or kPa Kilopascal 101.3 kPa L Liter ATP Adenosine triphosphate LCT Lower critical temperature BAT Brown adipose tissue LDH Lactate dehydrogenase BMR Basal metabolic rate Mb Myoglobin CO2 Carbon dioxide MCH Mean corpuscular Hb Cd Nondimensional drag coefficient MCV Mean corpuscular volume CS Citrate synthase MLDB Monkey lips/dorsal bursae CSF Cerebral spinal fluid mmHg Millimeters of mercury; a unit Cybg Cytoglobin of pressure often used in physi- D Total drag (pressure drag plus ology when referring to the friction drag) pressure or partial pressure of a DCS Decompression sickness gas DPPC Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine MPa Megapascal EEG Electroencephalogram Mya Millions of years ago FFA Free fatty acids Ngb Neuroglobin FPRs Formyl peptide receptors O2 Oxygen GbE Globin E OML Oxygen minimum layer GbX Globin X OR Odorant Receptors genes GbY Globin Y ρ Density of seawater (~1024 GFR Glomerular filtration rate kg m−3) Hb Hemoglobin P50 Oxygen partial pressure at 50% HC Conductive and convective heat saturation of Hb exchange Pa (Pascal) The SI (International System of Hct Hematocrit Units) unit of pressure HE Evaporative heat loss PCO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide HM Metabolic heat production PN2 Partial pressure of nitrogen HR Radiation heat exchange PO2 Partial pressure of oxygen HS Heat storage ORs Odorant receptors HOAD β-Hydroxyacyl coenzyme A Re Reynolds number dehydrogenase RMR Resting metabolic rate © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 R.
    [Show full text]
  • 06 September 2011 List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies the Ad-Hoc Committee on Taxonomy, Chaired by Bill Perrin, Has P
    06 September 2011 List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies The Ad-Hoc Committee on Taxonomy, chaired by Bill Perrin, has produced the first official SMM list of marine mammal species and subspecies. Consensus on some issues was not possible; this is reflected in the footnotes. This list is revisited and possibly revised every few months reflecting the continuing flux in marine mammal taxonomy. This version was updated on 6 September 2011. This list can be cited as follows: “Committee on Taxonomy. 2011. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, www.marinemammalscience.org, consulted on [date].” This list includes living and recently extinct species and subspecies. It is meant to reflect prevailing usage and recent revisions published in the peer-reviewed literature. Author(s) and year of description of the species follow the Latin species name; when these are enclosed in parentheses, the species was originally described in a different genus. Classification and scientific names follow Rice (1998), with adjustments reflecting more recent literature. Common names are arbitrary and change with time and place; one or two currently frequently used in English and/or a range language are given here. Additional English common names and common names in French, Spanish, Russian and other languages are available at www.marinespecies.org/cetacea/. Based on molecular and morphological data, the cetaceans genetically and morphologically fall firmly within the artiodactyl clade (Geisler and Uhen, 2005), and therefore we include them in the order Cetartiodactyla, with Cetacea, Mysticeti and Odontoceti as unranked taxa (recognizing that the classification within Cetartiodactyla remains partially unresolved -- e.g., see Spaulding et al., 2009, Price et al., 2005; Agnarsson and May-Collado, 2008)1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Committee on Taxonomy, Chaired by Bill Perrin, Produced the First Official Society for Marine Mammalogy List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies in 2010
    The Committee on Taxonomy, chaired by Bill Perrin, produced the first official Society for Marine Mammalogy list of marine mammal species and subspecies in 2010. Consensus on some issues has not been possible; this is reflected in the footnotes. The list is updated at least annually. This version was updated in May 2016. This list can be cited as follows: “Committee on Taxonomy. 2016. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, www.marinemammalscience.org, consulted on [date].” This list includes living and recently extinct (within historical times) species and subspecies, named and un-named. It is meant to reflect prevailing usage and recent revisions published in the peer-reviewed literature. An un-named subspecies is included if author(s) of a peer-reviewed article stated explicitly that the form is likely an undescribed subspecies. The Committee omits some described species and subspecies because of concern about their biological distinctness; reservations are given below. Author(s) and year of description of the species follow the Latin species name; when these are enclosed in parentheses the species was originally described in a different genus. Classification and scientific names follow Rice (1998), with adjustments reflecting more recent literature. Common names are arbitrary and change with time and place; one or two frequently used names in English and/or a range language are given here. Additional English common names and common names in French, Spanish, Russian and other languages are available at www.marinespecies.org/cetacea/. Species are listed in alphabetical order within families. The list includes a number of recently described subspecies for which the descriptions did not meet all of the requirements for name availability (for use or non-use) for species-group names (which included subspecies names) under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) that were described after 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of the World's Baleen Whales
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Publications, Agencies and Staff of the .SU . U.S. Department of Commerce Department of Commerce 2015 Status of the world’s baleen whales Peter O. Thomas Marine Mammal Commission, 4340 East-West Highway, Room 700, Bethesda, Maryland Randall R. Reeves Marine Mammal Commission, 4340 East-West Highway, Room 700, Bethesda, Maryland Robert L. Brownell Jr. Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub Thomas, Peter O.; Reeves, Randall R.; and Brownell, Robert L. Jr., "Status of the world’s baleen whales" (2015). Publications, Agencies and Staff of ht e U.S. Department of Commerce. 544. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub/544 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Commerce at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications, Agencies and Staff of the .SU . Department of Commerce by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, **(*): ***–*** (*** 2015) Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA DOI: 10.1111/mms.12281 Status of the world’s baleen whales PETER O. THOMAS,1 Marine Mammal Commission, 4340 East-West Highway, Room 700, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, U.S.A.; RANDALL R. REEVES, Marine Mammal Commission, 4340 East-West Highway, Room 700, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, U.S.A. and Okapi Wild- life Associates, 27 Chandler Lane, Hudson, Quebec J0P 1H0, Canada; ROBERT L.
    [Show full text]
  • Fin Whale Spanish: Ballena Aleta, Ballena Boba, Rorcual Común French: Baleine Fin, Baleine À Nageoires, Baleinoptère Commun, Rorqual Commun
    1 of 9 Proposal I / 3 and II / 3 PROPOSAL FOR INCLUSION OF SPECIES ON THE APPENDICES OF THE CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS A. PROPOSAL: inclusion of Balaenoptera physalus on Appendix I and II. B. PROPONENT: Government of Australia C. SUPPORTING STATEMENT 1 Taxon 1.1 Class Mammalia 1.2 Order Cetacea 1.3 Family Balaenopteridae 1.4 Genus and species Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758) 1.5 Common names English: Fin Whale Spanish: Ballena Aleta, Ballena Boba, Rorcual Común French: Baleine Fin, Baleine à Nageoires, Baleinoptère Commun, Rorqual Commun 2 Biological data Balaenoptera physalus is second in size to the blue whale. The mean length and age at maturity and sexual maturity, based on catches, appears to vary from stock to stock. The average length of a Southern Hemisphere female is 22m, with a maximum of 27m, whilst that for a male is 20.5m, with a maximum of 25m. Maximum sizes in the Northern Hemisphere are 22m for males and 24m for females. These figures, being based on catches, exaggerate the differences, since size limits are different in different areas and may only be reflections of past exploitation rates. B. physalus may be found singly or in pairs. They commonly form larger groupings of 3 to 10 or 20, which may in turn coalesce into a broadly spread concentration of a hundred or more individuals, especially on the feeding grounds (Gambell, 1985). They form denser concentrations when feeding on gregarious fish but disperse when feeding on crustaceans. Herds have definite patterns, with the young and non-breeding whales oriented around mature males and the breeding females widely dispersed in small groupings (Tarasevich, 1967).
    [Show full text]