Ocimum Gratissimum L
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Review Article
Ramaiah Maddi et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 10 (3), 2019 Review Article www.ijrap.net A REVIEW ON OCIMUM SPECIES: OCIMUM AMERICANUM L., OCIMUM BASILICUM L., OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM L. AND OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM L. Ramaiah Maddi *, Prathi Amani, Singam Bhavitha, Tulluru Gayathri, Tummala Lohitha Department of Pharmacognosy, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Amravati Road, Guntur – 522002, A.P., India Received on: 25/02/19 Accepted on: 05/05/19 *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.100359 ABSTRACT Ocimum species (O.americanum, O.basilicum, O.gratissimum, and O.tenuiflorum) belongs to family Lamiaceae. It is also known as Tulsi. It is currently used as a traditional medicinal plant in India, Africa and other countries in the World. It is used in Ayurveda and in traditional Chinese medicine for treating different diseases and disorders like digestive system disorders such as stomach ache and diarrhea, kidney complaints, and infections, etc. Many researchers have investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of various Ocimum species and reported various activities like anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-hemolytic and also different phytoconstituents like essential oil, saponins, phenols, phlobatannins, and anthraquinones etc. Exploration of the chemical constituents of the plants and pharmacological activities may provide us the basis for developing new life-saving drugs hence this revieW may help the traditional healers, practitioners, researchers and students Who Were involved in the field of ethno pharmacology. Keywords: Ocimum species, Therapeutic uses, Biological activity, Phytoconstituents. INTRODUCTION varieties, as Well as several related species or hybrids Which are also called as basil. The type used commonly is typically called The name "basil" comes from Latin Word ‘Basilius’. -
Effect of Basil in Prevention the Formation of Cholesterol in Blood Stream
Pharmacognosy and Allied science Dept. Effect of basil in prevention the formation of cholesterol in blood stream هدى علي حسن هدى عبد الزهرة اشراف د .يوسف ، د. جبران ، د. يسار Introduction Basil (Ocimum basilicum )leaves are used fresh and dried as flavorings or spices in sauces, salad Basil is also an important ornamental plant, with a variety of leaf and inflorescence shapes, sizes and colors Basil oil (also called Holy basil oil) works gradually, but effectively, in lowering cholesterol in the body. Derived from the herb, Ocimum basilicum, basil has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and cholesterol-lowering actions Basil define Basil is an annual, or sometimes perennial, herb used for its leaves plants can reach between 30 cm (0.98 ft) and 150 cm (4.9 ft) Its leaves are richly green and ovate, but otherwise come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes Basil grows a thick, central taproot. Its flowers are small and white History Basil has been around for over 4,000 years. Throughout history, basil was believed to have almost magical powers. It was used as an antidote for snake bites the ancient Egyptians used this herb for embalming. Today, basil is frequently referred to as the ‘King of Herbs’. It was also once known as the ‘herb of poverty’ because it was believed to provide protection to the poor. In India, this herb was considered a powerful protector. They planted it around their temples and placed it with the dead to protect them in the afterlife. Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae – Plants Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons Subclass Asteridae Order Lamiales Family Lamiaceae – Mint family Genus Ocimum L. -
Evaluation of Medicinal Herbal Trade (Paraga) in Lagos State of Nigeria
Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12: 677-681. 2008. Evaluation of Medicinal Herbal Trade (Paraga) in Lagos State of Nigeria Akeem Babalola Kadiri Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos. Nigeria [email protected] Issued 12 September 2008 INTRODUCTION Traditional medicine can be described as the total combination of knowledge and practice, whether explicable or not, used in diagnosing, preventing or eliminating a physical, mental or social disease and which may rely exclusively on past experience and observation handed down from generation to generation, verbally or in writing (Sofowora, 1982). A medicinal plant is any plant which in one or more of its organs contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs. The use of medicinal plants as remedies is common and widespread in Nigeria. Currently, the society at large appreciates natural cure, which medicinal plants provide compared to synthetic cure. The plants parts used in remedies include the bark, leaves, roots, flowers, fruits and seeds. (Sofowora, 1982). The discoveries of the use of plant for food and as medicine began at a very early stage in human evolution. The history of the use of plants dates back to the time of the early man. The art of using plants to enhance his health must have come to the early man in the most unscientific way. Some of us may want to believe that he used his instinct to identify poisonous and non-poisonous plants while some of us accept that there were external forces or invisible help us who guided him to know what he could eat freely to keep fit. -
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING of Ocimum Gratissimum GROWN
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF Ocimum gratissimum Supported by GROWN WILD IN ZARIA, NIGERIA H. Musa1*, Z. I. Yashim2, M. Shehu3 and G. S. Mete4 1Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 3Nuhn Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria, Nigeria 4Department of Biology, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: January 12, 2018 Accepted: March 25, 2018 Abstract: This study investigated the phytochemical screening of plant parts of Ocimum gratissimum grown in Nigeria. Ocimum gratissimum plants were collected and air dried. Powdered samples of leaves stem and roots were subjected to phytochemical analysis. Roots, seeds and leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponnins, and cardiac glycosides, but flavonoids was absent in the stem and phlobatannins, tannins and alkaloids were absent in the seeds. The studies showed secondary metabolites that makes the plant useful in medicine especially traditional medicine. Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum, phytochemical, flavonoids, secondary metabolites, leaves Introduction eugenol and thymol, saponins and alkaloids (Gill, 1988). Ocimum gratissimum belongs to order Lamiales, family Aromatic oil from the leaves consist of thymol (32-65%). O. Lamiaceae, genus Ocimum, and species gratissimum. In India, gratissimim is grown for the essential oils in the stem and O. gratissium is known as Tulsi “queen of herbs”. The plant leaves. Eugenol, thymol, citral, geranial and linalool have also became known to Christians as holy basil and was hailed been extracted from the oil (Sulistiarini, 1999). Essential oil as the “king of herbs”. It is known to the Sanskrit as Tulasi. from the plant has been reported to possess an interesting Its common names are tea bush, mosquito plant, and fever leaf spectrum of antifungal properties (Dubey et al., 2000). -
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2014), Volume 2, Issue 11, 204-226
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2014), Volume 2, Issue 11, 204-226 Journal homepage: http://www.journalijar.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH RESEARCH ARTICLE Anatomical and Phytochemical Studies on Ocimum basilicum L. Plant (Lamiaceae) Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Nassar, Mohamed Usama El-Segai and Samah Naguib Azoz Department of Agric. Bot., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt Manuscript Info Abstract Manuscript History: The present study is concerned with histological features of Basil plant Received: 15 September 2014 (Ocimum basilicum L.). Various organs of vegetative growth; namely, the Final Accepted: 25 October 2014 main stem (represented by shoot apex, apical, median and basal internode) Published Online: November 2014 and different foliage leaves developed on the main stem and on lateral shoot; Key words: including lamina and petiole were investigated fortnightly throughout the Ocimum basilicum L., Basil, whole growing season. Histological features of various vegetative organs of Lamiaceae, Anatomy, Basil plant were analysed microscopically and photomicrographed. Scanning Vegetative organs, Volatile electron microscope for the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of Basil leaf blade oil. was also investigated. Moreover, volatile oil analysis of Basil herb at full blooming stage was carried out. *Corresponding Author Samah Naguib Azoz [email protected] Copy Right, IJAR, 2014,. All rights reserved Introduction The genus Ocimum Linn. belongs to the tribe Ocimeae, subfamily Nepetoideae, family Lamiaceae and the order Lamiales. It is one of the economically important groups of aromatic herbaceous plants extensively used in perfumery, flavouring and pharmaceutical products (Khosla,1993). There are about 150 species in this genus broadly dispersed over the warm regions of the globe (Evans, 2001 and Kumar,2009). -
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ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 10 PARIS, 2015-10 CONTENTS ______________________________________________________________________ Pests & Diseases 2015/180 - Xylella fastidiosa detected in Alpes-Maritimes, mainland France 2015/181 - Xylella fastidiosa detected in Coffea spp. plants imported into Switzerland 2015/182 - Ralstonia solanacearum (race 1) detected in Rosa in the Netherlands 2015/183 - Surveys on potato bacteria in Karelia and Arkangelsk, Northern Russia 2015/184 - First report of Anoplophora glabripennis in Finland 2015/185 - Anoplophora glabripennis found in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland 2015/186 - Anoplophora chinensis eradicated from Denmark 2015/187 - Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae): addition to the EPPO Alert List 2015/188 - First report of Neophyllaphis podocarpi in Spain 2015/189 - First report of Sipha flava in Spain 2015/190 - Meloidogyne fallax detected in sports turf in the United Kingdom 2015/191 - Hymenoscyphus fraxineus found for the first time in Emilia-Romagna region (IT) 2015/192 - Outbreak of Lecanosticta acicola in Tyrol, Austria 2015/193 - First report of Sirococcus tsugae in the United Kingdom 2015/194 - Tomato ringspot virus detected in Punica granatum in Italy 2015/195 - EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance CONTEN TS _________________________________________________________________________ Invasive Plants 2015/196 - How environmental managers perceive invasive species issues 2015/197 - Plant invasions and the microbial community 2015/198 - Internet trade in invasive plants 2015/199 - Two alien species of Bidens (Asteraceae) new to the flora of Serbia 2015/200 - Agastache rugosa (Lamiaceae), a new casual alien in the flora of Poland 2015/201 - 9th Neobiota Conference on Biological Invasions (Vianden, LU, 2016-09-14/17) 21 Bld Richard Lenoir Tel: 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail: [email protected] 75011 Paris Fax: 33 1 70 76 65 47 Web: www.eppo.int EPPO Reporting Service 2015 no. -
Medicinal Plant Knowledge in Caribbean Basin
Torres-Avilez et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2015) 11:18 DOI 10.1186/s13002-015-0008-4 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE RESEARCH Open Access Medicinal plant knowledge in Caribbean Basin: a comparative study of Afrocaribbean, Amerindian and Mestizo communities Wendy Torres-Avilez1, Martha Méndez-González2*, Rafael Durán-García2, Isabelle Boulogne3 and Lionel Germosén-Robineau3 Abstract Background: The Caribbean Basin has complex biogeographical and cultural histories that have shaped its highly diverse botanical and cultural landscapes. As a result, the current ethnic composition of the Basin is a heterogeneous mixture including Amerindian, Afrocaribbean and a wide range of Mestizo populations. A comparison was done of the medicinal plant repertoires used by these groups to identify the proportion of native species they include and any differences between the groups. Methods: The TRAMIL program has involved application of ethnopharmacological surveys to gather data on the medicinal plants used for primary care in 55 locations the Caribbean Basin. Three Afrocaribbean, three Amerindian and three Mestizo communities were selected taking in account the Ethnic prevalence. Differences in native and exotic plant used by groups and between groups were done using contingency tables. Identification of differences in the numbers of native and exotic plants used within each group was done with a one sample Z -test for proportions. Similarity in medicinal species use was estimated using the Sørensen Similarity Index. Species use value (UV) was estimated and a principal components analysis (PCA) run to determine differences between groups. Results: The 1,753 plant records generated from the surveys of the nine communities included in the analysis covered 389 species from 300 genera and 98 families. -
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils From
An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(1): e20180569 DOI 10.1590/0001-3765202020180569 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências | Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences Printed ISSN 0001-3765 I Online ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Chemical composition and biological activities Running title:Biological activities of the essential oils from Vitex-agnus castus, of essential oils Ocimum campechianum and Ocimum carnosum Academy Section: Biological LARA P. RICARTE, GABRIELI P. BEZERRA, NIRLA R. ROMERO, HORLANDO C. DA Sciences SILVA, TELMA L.G. LEMOS, ANGELA M.C. ARRIAGA, PÉRICLES B. ALVES, MARCELO B. DOS SANTOS, GARDENIA C.G. MILITÃO, THIAGO D.S. SILVA, RAIMUNDO BRAZ-FILHO & GILVANDETE M.P. SANTIAGO e20180569 Abstract: The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves of Vitex agnus-castus and Ocimum campechianum, and from fresh inflorescences ofOcimum 92 carnosum were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The major components of V. agnus-castus (1) 92(1) essential oil were identified as 1,8-cineole (47.9%), terpinyl α-acetate (11.6%), sabinene (11.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.7%), while in the O. campechianum essential oil were eugenol (72.1%), β-elemene (6.8%), (E)-caryophyllene (6.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.2%). Linalool (79.0%), α-epi-cadinol (5.4%), terpinen-4-ol (3.2%) and 1,8-cineole (2.8%) were the major constituents in the O. carnosum essential oil. The essential oils were subsequently evaluated for their larvicidal and cytotoxic activities. Larval bioassay against Aedes aegypti of V. agnus-castus, O. campechianum and O. -
Essential Oils of Lamiaceae Family Plants As Antifungals
biomolecules Review Essential Oils of Lamiaceae Family Plants as Antifungals Tomasz M. Karpi ´nski Department of Medical Microbiology, Pozna´nUniversity of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +48-61-854-61-38 Received: 3 December 2019; Accepted: 6 January 2020; Published: 7 January 2020 Abstract: The incidence of fungal infections has been steadily increasing in recent years. Systemic mycoses are characterized by the highest mortality. At the same time, the frequency of infections caused by drug-resistant strains and new pathogens e.g., Candida auris increases. An alternative to medicines may be essential oils, which can have a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Rich in the essential oils are plants from the Lamiaceae family. In this review are presented antifungal activities of essential oils from 72 Lamiaceae plants. More than half of these have good activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) < 1000 µg/mL) against fungi. The best activity (MICs < 100) have essential oils from some species of the genera Clinopodium, Lavandula, Mentha, Thymbra, and Thymus. In some cases were observed significant discrepancies between different studies. In the review are also shown the most important compounds of described essential oils. To the chemical components most commonly found as the main ingredients include β-caryophyllene (41 plants), linalool (27 plants), limonene (26), β-pinene (25), 1,8-cineole (22), carvacrol (21), α-pinene (21), p-cymene (20), γ-terpinene (20), and thymol (20). Keywords: Labiatae; fungi; Aspergillus; Cryptococcus; Penicillium; dermatophytes; β-caryophyllene; sesquiterpene; monoterpenes; minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1. Introduction Fungal infections belong to the most often diseases of humans. -
Pautas Para El Conocimiento, Conservación Y Uso Sostenible De Las Plantas Medicinales Nativas En Colombia Conservación De Plantas
PAUTAS PARA EL CONOCIMIENTO, CONSERVACIÓN Y USO SOSTENIBLE DE LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES NATIVAS EN COLOMBIA CONSERVACIÓN DE PLANTAS Nuestras publicaciones ESTRATEGIA NACIONAL PARA LA Las publicaciones del Instituto Humboldt divulgan el conocimiento sobre la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad de Colombia para provecho de su sociedad y hacen parte de sus estrategias institucionales de comunicación, educación y conciencia pública. www.humboldt.org.co [email protected] [email protected] PAUTAS PARA EL CONOCIMIENTO, CONSERVACIÓN Y USO SOSTENIBLE EN COLOMBIA DE LAS MEDICINALES PLANTAS CONSERVACIÓN NATIVAS EL CONOCIMIENTO, PARA PAUTAS Henry Yesid Bernal, Hernando García Martínez, Germán Felipe Quevedo Sánchez (Editores) Pautas para el conocimiento, conservación y uso sostenible de las plantas medicinales nativas en Colombia Estrategia Nacional para la Conservación de Plantas Henry Yesid Bernal, Hernando García Martínez, Germán Felipe Quevedo Sánchez (Editores) Índice de autores* Henry Yesid Bernal Profesor Asociado Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática, Unesis © Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial 2011 Herbario Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, HPUJ © Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt 2011 Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Todos los derechos reservados. Se autoriza la reproducción y difusión de material contenido [email protected]; [email protected] en este documento para fines educativos u otros -
Phytochemical Screening & Antimicrobial Activity of Ocimum
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8(2): 76-79 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2019; 8(2): 76-79 Phytochemical screening & antimicrobial activity Received: 16-01-2019 Accepted: 20-02-2019 of Ocimum gratissimum review T Bhavani Department of pharmaceutical T Bhavani, R Ram Mohan, C Mounica, J Nyamisha, A Gopi Krishna, P chemistry, Narayana Pharmacy Prabhavathi, Dr. R Ramasubramania Raja and Dr. K Harinadha Baba College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract R Ram Mohan Most of these natural products are secondary plant metabolites. Keeping this in view, it is an urge to Department of pharmaceutical synthesize some natural products and test their bioactivity and also planned for the isolation of some chemistry, Narayana Pharmacy bioactive natural compounds. The plant Ocimum gratissimum which is a naturally available species College, Nellore, Andhra throughout the India. The plan of work is to isolate different types of phytochemicals from the leaves of Pradesh, India Ocimum gratissimum by using different types of solvents by extraction process and the selected phytochemical compounds obtained from the plant by extraction are tested for whether the compounds C Mounica shows antimicrobial activity against the selected species of microorganisms was carried out. Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Narayana Pharmacy Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, anxiolytic activity College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India Introduction J Nyamisha Organic chemistry is an art executed science. The -
Notes on Florida's Endangered and Threatened Plants 1
NOTES ON FLORIDA'S ENDANGERED AND THREATENED PLANTS 1 Nancy C. Coile2 The Regulated Plant Index is based on information provided by the Endangered Plant Advisory Council (EPAC), a group of seven individuals who represent academic, industry, and environmental interests (Dr. Loran C. Anderson, Dr. Daniel F. Austin,. Mr. Charles D. D aniel III, Mr. David M . Drylie, Jr., Ms. Eve R. Hannahs, Mr. Richard L. Moyroud, and Dr. Daniel B. Ward). Rule Chap. 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code, contains the "Regulated Plant Index" (5B-40.0055) and lists endangered, threatened, and commercially exploited plant species for Florida; defines the categories; lists instances where permits may be issued; and describes penalties for vio lations. Copies of this Rule may be obtained from Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, P. O. Box 147100, Gainesville, Fl 32614-7100. Amended 20 September 2000, the "Regulated Plant Index" contains 415 endangered species, 113 threatened species, and eight commercially exploited species. Descriptions of these rare species are often difficult to locate. Florida does not have a single manual covering the flora of the entire state. Long and Lakela s manual (1971) focuses on the area south of Glades County; Clewell (1985) is a guide for the Panhandle; and Wunderlin (1998) is a guide for the entire state of Florida but lacks descriptions. Small (1933) is an excellent resource, but must be used with great care since the nomenclature is outdated and frequently disputed. Clewell (1985) and Wunderlin (1998 ) are guides with keys to the flora, but lack species descriptions. Distribution maps (Wund erlin and Hansen, 200 0) are available over the Internet through the University of South Florida Herbarium [www.plantatlas.usf.edu/].