Energy Savings Potential and RD&D Opportunities for Commercial
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Energy Savings Potential and RD&D Opportunities for Commercial Building Appliances Final Report Submitted to: U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Building Technologies Program Navigant Consulting, Inc. December 21, 2009 U.S. Department of Energy Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency, contractor or subcontractor thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Prepared By: Navigant Consulting, Inc. Robert Zogg William Goetzler Christopher Ahlfeldt Hirokazu Hiraiwa Amul Sathe Timothy Sutherland i U.S. Department of Energy List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ x Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... xiii National Energy Consumption ........................................................................................................ xiii Technical Potential for Energy-Saving Technologies ..................................................................... xx Recommendations ............................................................................................................................. xxii 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Report Organization .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Background ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Overall Approach to Estimating Energy Consumptions and Energy Savings ................. 3 1.3.1 Baseline Technology .......................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Unit Energy Consumption ................................................................................................ 4 1.3.3 National Energy Consumption ........................................................................................ 4 1.3.4 Unit Energy Savings (UES) ............................................................................................... 4 1.3.5 Technical Potential ............................................................................................................. 4 1.3.6 Economics............................................................................................................................ 5 2 Commercial Cooking Appliances ................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Summary Cooking Appliances ................................................................................................ 6 2.2 General Description ................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Fryers ................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Broilers ............................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Griddles ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.2.4 Ovens ................................................................................................................................. 17 2.2.5 Ranges ................................................................................................................................ 21 2.2.6 Steamers............................................................................................................................. 22 2.2.7 Microwave Ovens ............................................................................................................ 24 2.3 Manufacturers and Market Shares ........................................................................................ 24 2.4 Major End Users ....................................................................................................................... 27 2.5 Equipment Purchase Decision Making ................................................................................. 28 2.6 Annual Shipments and Installed Base .................................................................................. 30 2.6.1 Annual Shipments............................................................................................................ 30 2.6.2 Installed Base .................................................................................................................... 30 2.7 Baseline Energy Consumption ............................................................................................... 34 2.8 Comparison of Baseline Energy Consumption to Previous Studies ................................. 43 2.9 Lifetime and Maintenance Characteristics ........................................................................... 45 2.10 Regulatory and Voluntary Programs .................................................................................... 46 2.11 Energy Saving Technologies ................................................................................................... 46 2.11.1 Cooking Efficiency Technologies ................................................................................... 47 2.12 Peak Demand Considerations ................................................................................................ 68 3 Commercial Food Preparation ...................................................................................................... 71 3.1 General Description ................................................................................................................. 71 3.2 Manufacturers and Market Shares ........................................................................................ 72 3.3 Major End Users ....................................................................................................................... 72 3.4 Installed Base ............................................................................................................................ 72 ii U.S. Department of Energy 3.5 Baseline Energy Consumption ............................................................................................... 74 3.6 Comparison of Baseline Energy Consumption to Previous Studies ................................. 77 3.7 Energy Saving Technologies ................................................................................................... 77 3.8 Peak Demand Considerations ................................................................................................ 78 4 Commercial Dishwashers .............................................................................................................. 79 4.1 General Description ................................................................................................................. 81 4.1.1 Washing Strategies ........................................................................................................... 82 4.1.2 Dishwasher Types ............................................................................................................ 82 4.1.3 Dishwasher Efficiency ..................................................................................................... 86 4.1.4 Dishwasher Market Shares ............................................................................................. 86 4.2 Manufacturers and Market Shares ........................................................................................ 87 4.3 Major End Users ....................................................................................................................... 88 4.4 Dishwasher Marketing and Purchase Decisions ................................................................. 89 4.5 Installed Base and Annual Shipments .................................................................................. 90 4.6 Baseline Energy Consumption ............................................................................................... 94 4.7 Comparison of Baseline Energy Consumption to Previous Studies ................................. 99 4.8 Appliance Costs ...................................................................................................................... 100 4.9 Lifetime, Reliability, and Maintenance Characteristics .................................................... 100 4.10