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Florida Mosquito Control White Paper 2018

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Florida Mosquito Control White Paper 2018 FLORIDA MOSQUITO CONTROL 2018 The state of the mission as defined by mosquito controllers, regulators, and environmental managers Florida Coordinating Council on Mosquito Control This report was funded in part by grants from the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, the Florida Department of Health, and the Florida Mosquito Control Association. The report was initiated, reviewed, and accepted by the Florida Coordinating Council on Mosquito Control (FCCMC). The FCCMC was created and mandated by the Legislature in Chapter 388 Florida Statues in 1986 to develop and implement guidelines to assist the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) in resolving disputes arising over the control of arthropods on publicly owned lands, to identify and recommend research priorities and technologies, to develop and recommend to FDACS a request for proposal process for arthropod control research, to identify potential funding sources for research and implementation projects, and to evaluate and rank proposals upon request by the funding source. A final mandate is to prepare and present reports, such as this one, on arthropod control activities in the state to appropriate agencies. To oversee the development of the report, the FCCMC appointed a Steering Committee that selected contributors and reviewers for this publication. This publication is a public document that can be used for educational purposes. Cover Illustration: The artwork on the cover was designed and hand drawn by Lee “Leroy” Hansen of New Port Richey, Florida. Mr. Hansen captured a beautiful natural Florida swamp that mosquito control professionals across the state would inspect for mosquito larvae and adults. Acknowledgments: The editorial assistance of Janice Broda is much appreciated. The document can be downloaded from the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory web page: http://fmel.ifas.ufl.edu URL’s referenced in this document may not remain valid over time. When referencing this document use: Lloyd, A.M., C.R. Connelly, and D.B. Carlson (Eds.). 2018. Florida Coordinating Council on Mosquito Control. Florida Mosquito Control: The state of the mission as defined by mosquito controllers, regulators, and environmental managers. Vero Beach, FL: University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory. Printed in 2018 Table of Contents Florida Coordinating Council on Mosquito Control. i White Paper Steering Committee.. iii Contributors . iv Preface.. vii Chapter 1: Introduction. 1 1.1 Purpose of this Document. 1 1.2 Mission Statement. 1 1.3 Brief Introduction to Mosquito Biology. 1 1.4 Integrated Pest Management as it Applies to Mosquito Control . 2 1.5 May 2010 Bioterrorism Workshop. 3 1.6 References. 3 Chapter 2: History of Florida Mosquito Control . 5 2.1 Introduction. 6 2.2 State Involvement. 6 2.3 Organized Programs.. 7 2.4 Research.. 8 2.5 Training and Professionalism. 10 2.6 Interagency Conflict and Cooperation. 10 2.7 Conclusion. 11 2.8 A Published History of Florida Mosquito Control.. 11 2.9 References. 11 Chapter 3: Mosquito Surveillance.. 13 3.1 General Approach to Mosquito Surveillance.. 13 3.1.1 Defining Area-specific Mosquito Problems. 14 3.1.2 Surveillance Program Considerations. 14 3.2 Service Requests. 15 3.3 Adult Mosquito Surveillance. 16 3.3.1 Landing Rates. 17 3.3.2 Light Traps.. 17 3.3.3 Non-attractant Traps. 18 3.3.4 BG Sentinel Traps®. 19 3.3.5 Mosquito Magnets®. 20 3.3.6 Oviposition/Gravid Traps. 20 3.3.7 Resting Populations. 21 3.3.8 Emergence Traps. 22 3.4 Immature Mosquito Surveillance.. 22 3.4.1 Collecting Eggs. 22 3.4.2 Collecting Larvae and Pupae. 22 3.5 Monitoring Environmental Parameters. 24 3.6 Inventory and Mapping Surveillance Data.. 25 3.7 Emerging Technologies. 26 3.8 References and General Reading. 26 Chapter 4: Mosquito Control through Source Reduction. 28 4.1 Introduction. 29 4.2 Mosquito Producing Habitats Appropriate for Source Reduction.. 29 4.2.1 Salt Marshes.. 29 4.2.2 Freshwater Habitats. 29 4.2.3 Temporarily Flooded Locations.. 29 4.2.4 Containers. 30 4.3 Source Reduction for Saltmarsh Mosquito Control.. 30 4.3.1 Description of Florida's Saltmarsh Habitats. 30 4.4 Historical Methods of Source Reduction in Saltmarsh Habitats. 32 4.4.1 Ditching. 32 4.4.2 Filling.. 32 4.4.3 Impounding. 33 4.5 Current Saltmarsh Source Reduction Techniques. 33 4.5.1 Environmental Considerations.. 33 4.5.2 Ditching. 34 4.5.2.1 Benefits of a Properly Designed Rotary Ditching Plan.. 35 4.5.2.2 Environmental Risks of Rotary Ditching. 35 4.5.2.3 Rotary-ditching Applications. 35 4.5.3 Impoundments. 36 4.5.3.1 Benefits of a Properly Designed Impoundment Management Plan. 37 4.5.3.2 Environmental Risks of Impounding. 38 4.5.4 Current Efforts in Saltmarsh Management. 39 4.6 Source Reduction in Freshwater Habitats. 39 4.7 Stormwater Management. 40 4.8 Wastewater Management.. 42 4.8.1 Domestic Wastewater. 42 4.8.1.1 Septic Systems. 42 4.8.1.2 Package Plants. 42 4.8.1.3 Large Treatment Facilities. 43 4.8.1.4 Spray-irrigation Systems.. 43 4.8.1.5 Rapid-dry Ponds versus Holding Ponds. 43 4.8.1.6 Wastewater/Aquatic Plant Systems. 43 4.8.1.7 Wetlands. 43 4.8.2 Agricultural and Industrial Wastewater. 44 4.8.3 Major Pest and Disease-vectoring Mosquitoes. 44 4.8.3.1 Culex. 44 4.8.3.2 Aedes and Psorophora. 45 4.8.3.3 Mansonia and Coquillettidia. 45 4.8.4 Mosquito Control.. 45 4.8.4.1 Operating Capacity. 46 4.8.4.2 Water Quality. ..
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